Phytopharmacology of pungam verpattai oil in wound healing.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytopharmacological aspect of pungam verpattai oil in relevance to wound healing
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

K. Bavithra and S. Ushakanthan


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Phytopharmacological aspect of pungam verpattai oil in relevance to wound healing

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201814-12612


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The Siddha system of medicine, one of the world's oldest medical practices, has been serving humanity for over five thousand years, providing holistic treatments for various ailments. Among the various formulations utilized in this tradition, Pungam verpattai oil stands out as an external remedy specifically designed for wound healing. The healing process encompasses several stages, including anti-inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and remodeling. This oil is composed of Pungam verpattai (the root bark of Pongamia pinnata), coconut kernel juice, and rasa karpooram (calomel), with numerous phytochemical constituents that contribute to its therapeutic properties.

Anti-inflammatory Properties of Pungam Verpattai Oil

The oil derived from Pungam verpattai showcases significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it effective in treating wounds. Studies have indicated that extracts from the root bark of Pongamia pinnata demonstrate considerable anti-inflammatory effects in various experimental models. These effects are believed to be primarily due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, enabling the oil to exert anti-inflammatory benefits without causing ulcerogenic activity. The presence of flavonoids and other compounds enhances its ability to reduce inflammation, thereby facilitating quicker recovery from wounds.

Phytochemical Composition and Its Role in Wound Healing

The phytochemical profile of Pungam verpattai oil is rich in flavonoids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids, such as lauric acid. Lauric acid plays a crucial role in combating infections, promoting collagen synthesis, and facilitating cellular proliferation essential for wound repair. Additionally, the presence of antioxidant compounds assists in protecting the wound area from oxidative damage and enhances the overall healing process. These constituents work synergistically not only to foster cellular growth but also to minimize tissue damage, inflammation, and scarring during wound healing.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Action

The effective wound healing attributed to Pungam verpattai oil can be comprehensively understood through its multi-faceted mechanism of action. The formulation accelerates various physiological processes, from reducing the inflammatory response to promoting fibroblast migration—a critical factor in tissue regeneration. Factors such as increased collagen cross-linking, enhanced cell viability, and improved angiogenesis facilitate the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Additionally, the oil's antibacterial and anti-allergic properties further support its function in wound care by minimizing the risk of infection and promoting a compatible healing environment.

Conclusion

In summary, Pungam verpattai oil exemplifies the profound capabilities of Siddha medicine in wound management, showcasing a blend of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties. Its rich composition supports various stages of the healing process, enhancing tissue integrity and facilitating recovery. The traditional knowledge surrounding this formulation, backed by modern scientific understanding, demonstrates the potential of herbal remedies in addressing health challenges. Hence, Pungam verpattai oil not only stands as a testament to ancient wisdom but also highlights the importance of integrating traditional practices with contemporary medical approaches for effective healthcare solutions.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the Siddha system of medicine?

The Siddha system is an ancient medical practice that has served humanity for over five thousand years, focusing on holistic approaches to physical, mental, and moral health.

What are the main ingredients of Pungam verpattai oil?

Pungam verpattai oil is made from the root bark of Pongamia pinnata, coconut kernel juice, and rasa karpooram, known for its external application in wound healing.

What are the stages of wound healing supported by this oil?

The wound healing process includes anti-inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling stages, which are essential for re-establishing tissue integrity after injury.

What are the pharmacological properties of Pungam verpattai oil?

The oil exhibits anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, anti-allergic, and antioxidant activities, promoting wound healing through various mechanisms including collagen synthesis and cell migration.

How does virgin coconut oil contribute to wound healing?

Virgin coconut oil contains high levels of lauric acid and antioxidant compounds, which enhance fibroblast proliferation, reduce inflammation, and support faster wound closure.

What role does calomel play in this formulation?

Calomel, or mercurous chloride, has historically been used for its therapeutic effects and is included in Pungam verpattai oil to enhance overall wound healing efficacy.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytopharmacology of pungam verpattai oil in wound healing.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconuts, in a broader sense, refer to the fruit utilized in various forms (such as oil and milk) within therapeutic applications. Their numerous health benefits, including boosting healing and providing moisture, highlight their importance in formulations like Pungam verpattai oil, reinforcing traditional medicine practices.

2) Medicine:
Medicine signifies the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. In the context of this text, traditional Siddha medicine utilizes Pungam verpattai oil as a therapeutic external application for wound healing, indicating the importance of integrating traditional practices with modern understanding of pharmacology.

3) Activity:
Activity usually refers to the functional effects or actions that a substance can produce in the body. In the document, it relates to the various biological actions of Pungam verpattai oil constituents, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antibacterial activities, which are crucial for effective treatment.

4) Siddha:
Siddha is one of the oldest traditional medicine systems originating in South India, focusing on holistic health and wellness. This system emphasizes natural remedies, including the use of Pungam verpattai oil, which is emphasized for its role in promoting wound healing and overall health benefits through herbal formulations.

5) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their diverse therapeutic effects. Present in Pungam verpattai oil, flavonoids contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making them integral to enhancing the wound healing process and overall efficacy of the oil in traditional medicine.

6) Milk:
Milk, in this context, typically refers to coconut milk, integral for preparing Pungam verpattai oil. Coconut milk enhances the oil's therapeutic properties, aiding in skin hydration and providing rich nutrients that facilitate the healing process when applied to wounds, supporting tissue regeneration and repair.

7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. In wound healing, managing inflammation is crucial, and Pungam verpattai oil contributes to reducing inflammation through its active compounds, which inhibit inflammatory mediators and aid in the transition to later healing phases.

8) Campu:
The term 'campu' typically refers to a type of application or remedy in Siddha medicine; however, it is less commonly referenced. In the context of wound healing, knowing specific traditional terms can aid in understanding unique practices and formulations that have been historically utilized in treatments.

9) Pillai:
Pillai appears to reference an author mentioned in the text, likely contributing to the literature regarding Siddha medicine and wound healing. Recognition of such contributors underscores the importance of historical knowledge and research in legitimizing and expanding our understanding of traditional healing practices.

10) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema, often interchangeable with edema, indicates fluid retention and swelling. The management of oedema is vital in the wound healing process, and Pungam verpattai oil's properties in alleviating such swelling enhance its efficacy, ensuring a proper healing trajectory in affected tissues.

11) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in Ayurvedic and Siddha contexts often denotes taste or essence; however, it also can refer to the medicinal properties of substances. The rasakarpooram mentioned indicates its role as a therapeutic agent in Pungam verpattai oil, contributing to overall efficacy in treatment applications.

12) Line:
Line may refer to the sequences or stages outlined in the healing process during the discussion of pharmacological action. This highlights the step-wise nature of wound healing, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases, each crucial for understanding how Pungam verpattai oil affects healing.

13) Cori (Corii):
Sori is a term that may refer to specific types of wounds or conditions addressed in Siddha treatments. Recognizing such terminology is essential for understanding the traditional uses of Pungam verpattai oil, ensuring proper application according to established historical methods and practices.

14) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the branch of medicine that pertains to drug action. The pharmacological properties of Pungam verpattai oil indicate its biological effects and mechanisms, affirming the significance of understanding the active compounds within and their therapeutic potentials in traditional and contemporary medicine.

15) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the ability to prevent or inhibit bacterial growth. In the context of Pungam verpattai oil, its antibacterial properties are crucial for wound treatment, helping to prevent infections in healing tissue, emphasizing its role in effective wound care within holistic medicine.

16) Discussion:
Discussion signifies the section of the text where findings are interpreted and analyzed. This includes evaluating the effectiveness of Pungam verpattai oil in wound healing, summarizing researched benefits, and integrating various scientific understandings of how traditional practices can correlate with modern medical insights.

17) Disease:
Disease pertains to any abnormal condition affecting the body, which the Siddha system aims to treat through holistic methods. The focus on effective treatment options like Pungam verpattai oil underscores a commitment to improving health and managing conditions, central to traditional medicine philosophies.

18) Mineral:
Mineral often refers to natural inorganic elements. In traditional healing contexts, minerals can play significant roles in formulations; for instance, calomel (a mineral) used in Pungam verpattai oil suggests the blending of mineral resources with herbal ingredients to achieve therapeutic efficacy against various ailments.

19) Bitter:
Bitter could refer to the flavor profile of certain medicinal ingredients or their physiological effects in the body. The presence of bitter compounds in Pungam verpattai oil may enhance digestion or stimulate bodily functions beneficial for recovery, showcasing an additional dimension of treatment philosophy.

20) Nature:
Nature emphasizes the intrinsic properties and organic origins of the compounds used in Pungam verpattai oil. This reflects a deeper respect for the environment and a holistic approach to wellness, characteristic of Siddha medicine, highlighting the use of natural ingredients in achieving health benefits.

21) Medium:
Medium in this context may refer to the methods or vehicles through which treatments are delivered, such as oils or emulsions. Understanding the medium used in Pungam verpattai oil is essential since it affects the absorption and effectiveness of medicinal properties during treatment applications.

22) Cotton:
Cotton may refer to the material used in dressing wounds and promoting healing. The text emphasizes wound care practices, where cotton could be utilized as a medium for applying Pungam verpattai oil, thereby facilitating effective absorption and protection of healing sites through its supportive properties.

23) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and geographic context from which Siddha medicine originates. Acknowledging this is important as it centers the practices within specific historical traditions and holistic approaches to health that include the use of herbal remedies and oils like Pungam verpattai.

24) Sugar:
Sugar usually refers to sweet carbohydrates, but in the context of wound care, it may imply the management of wounds. Although not directly discussed in the text, understanding glucose's role as a healing agent might parallel the need for balanced nutrition in recovery processes within traditional frameworks.

25) Arya:
Arya is likely a reference to an author or researcher cited in the text, contributing to the body of knowledge regarding the phytochemistry of Pungam verpattai oil. Recognizing such contributors highlights the importance of scholarly work in substantiating the traditional wisdom and practices within Siddha medicine.

26) Drug:
Drug relates to a chemical substance used for medical treatment. In this text, it emphasizes the components and formulations derived from Pungam verpattai oil and their therapeutic applications in wound healing, showcasing a blend of traditional knowledge with pharmacological methods for health care.

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