Study on mualakadi lepa for managing type 1 and 2 dadru kushta.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A clinical study on the role of mualakadi lepa in the management of (charakokta & sushrutokta) type 1 dadru &type 2 dadru kushta
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subhash Chandra, Sisir Kumar Mandal, B.K. Sevatkar, Shilpa Verma, Devendra, Manita Ahlawat
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A clinical study on the role of mualakadi lepa in the management of (charakokta & sushrutokta) type 1 dadru &type 2 dadru kushta
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201815-12907
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Skin diseases, particularly fungal infections like Dadru, present significant challenges across various demographics, especially among the elderly. Ayurvedic texts categorize Dadru as a type of Kustha (skin disorder) influenced predominantly by the Kapha and Pitta doshas. Despite advancements in modern medicine, effective treatments for this condition remain limited. The present study investigates the efficacy of Mulakadi Lepa, a traditional Ayurvedic herbal paste, in treating Type 1 and Type 2 Dadru. The research aimed to quantify the drug's effects on symptoms such as itching (Kandu), skin discoloration (Raga), and the presence of lesions (Mandal and Pidika).
Effectiveness of Mulakadi Lepa
The treatment with Mulakadi Lepa involved 28 patients diagnosed with Type 1 and Type 2 Dadru, focusing on subjects aged 16 to 70 years. The application of the Lepa for 30 days demonstrated a significant reduction in key symptoms. The study's findings indicated that the Mulakadi Lepa effectively alleviated symptoms of itching, redness, and the number of lesions. Statistical evaluations showed strong significance, particularly in reducing itching and Raga with p-values less than 0.0001, suggesting that the combination of ingredients in Mulakadi Lepa possesses potent therapeutic properties.
Clinical Outcomes
The study employed specific assessment criteria, evaluating subjective parameters such as itching intensity and skin condition, alongside objective measures and laboratory testing. Key metrics measured included the number of skin lesions, size of patches, and the overall spread of the disease. Results showed substantial improvement across various clinical features, with marked reductions in Kandu and Raga scores. The follow-up observations indicated that the benefits of the treatment persisted even 15 days post-treatment, reflecting the long-lasting impact of Mulakadi Lepa.
Pathophysiological Insights
The underlying pathophysiology of Dadru involves an imbalance of the Tridosha, specifically in relation to the Kapha and Pitta doshas. The study articulated that the potent properties of the Mulakadi Lepa—particularly its Ushna (hot), Rooksha (dry), and Tikshna (sharp) qualities—actively counteract these dosha imbalances. By addressing the Kapha and Pitta disturbances, the treatment facilitated a reduction in inflammation and other associated symptoms, thus validating the recommended Ayurvedic management practices for skin disorders.
Conclusion
The investigation concludes that Mulakadi Lepa provides a significant clinical benefit for patients suffering from Dadru Kushta. The results underscore the efficacy of this Ayurvedic formulation in managing the symptoms associated with this skin disorder. Notably, the study highlights that Type 1 Dadru patients experienced a greater percentage of relief compared to those with Type 2 Dadru, reflecting varying responses to treatment based on the underlying pathophysiology. Overall, this study suggests that Mulakadi Lepa could serve as a viable treatment option for managing fungal skin infections effectively.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the clinical study discussed in the article?
The clinical study evaluates the role of Mulakadi Lepa in managing Type 1 and Type 2 Dadru Kushta, a common skin disorder, using Ayurvedic treatment methods.
Who were the participants in this clinical study?
The study included 28 patients aged 16 to 70, diagnosed with Type 1 and Type 2 Dadru. Patients with systemic disorders and pregnant women were excluded.
What treatment was applied to the patients in this study?
Patients received external application of Mulakadi Lepa on affected areas twice daily for 30 days, followed by assessment every 15 days.
What were the primary outcomes measured in the study?
The study assessed subjective parameters such as itching (Kandu), skin color (Raga), and number of lesions (Pidika/Mandal) to evaluate the treatment's effectiveness.
What significant results were observed after the treatment with Mulakadi Lepa?
Significant improvements were observed in itching, skin color, size of lesions, and the number of lesions, indicating the efficacy of Mulakadi Lepa in relieving symptoms.
What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study?
The researchers concluded that Mulakadi Lepa significantly improved symptoms of Dadru Kushta, suggesting it can effectively be used for patients suffering from this condition.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study on mualakadi lepa for managing type 1 and 2 dadru kushta.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Dadru:
Dadru refers to a type of skin disorder, specifically fungal infections, as classified in Ayurveda. Recognized for its irritating symptoms, such as itching, it affects individuals across all age groups and is deemed a significant health challenge. Understanding its characteristics guides appropriate treatment strategies.
2) Lepa:
Lepa means a topical application or paste used in Ayurvedic treatment. It is significant in managing skin ailments like Dadru, fostering faster healing on the affected area. The therapy applies herbal formulations directly to the skin, exploiting their properties to alleviate symptoms and aid recovery.
3) Pidika:
Pidika refers to pustules or lesions that appear on the skin, common in conditions like Dadru. The presence of Pidika marks the severity of the skin disorder, affecting treatment decisions. In Ayurvedic practice, monitoring Pidika counts helps in evaluating the progression and response to the prescribed treatment.
4) Mulakadi (Mulaka-adi):
Mulakadi is a specific herbal formulation consisting of various ingredients, known for its therapeutic properties in treating skin diseases. Emphasized within Ayurvedic practices, it is used topically to address symptoms of skin ailments, particularly those classified under Dadru. Its efficacy ensures a significant improvement in patient conditions.
5) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha is a general term in Ayurveda referring to chronic skin diseases, categorizing various forms, including Dadru. Understanding Kushtha emphasizes the need for effective therapeutic plans, targeting both the symptoms and their underlying causes to achieve lasting health improvements.
6) Mandal:
Mandal refers to circular patch-like lesions found in skin ailments, such as Dadru. It signifies the extent and severity of the disorder, often serving as a key diagnostic feature in Ayurvedic assessment. Monitoring the number and size of Mandal informs treatment effectiveness over time.
7) Varna:
Varna translates to the color of the skin or lesions in Ayurveda, which can indicate the underlying dosha imbalance. Various colors denote different conditions, assisting practitioners in diagnosing and determining treatment strategies. Observing Varna provides insight into the patient's health and the effectiveness of therapies.
8) Drug:
The term drug encompasses medicinal substances used in the treatment of diseases. In the context of Ayurveda, this involves herbal formulations, such as those found in Mulakadi Lepa, which play a crucial role in addressing symptoms of disorders like Dadru, facilitating healing and symptom management.
9) Chandra:
Chandra refers to the lead author of the study and represents a diligent researcher contributing to Ayurvedic literature. This name is also used within the context to denote authenticity and credibility of the research findings, showcasing the efforts put into exploring effective treatments for skin conditions.
10) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three fundamental doshas in Ayurveda, associated with heat, metabolism, and transformation. Its imbalance can manifest in various ailments, including skin diseases like Dadru. Recognizing the role of Pitta in treatment helps in tailoring therapies to restore bodily equilibrium.
11) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the clinical research undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Mulakadi Lepa in treating Dadru. It involves systematic data collection and analysis, aiming to establish a scientific basis for Ayurvedic treatments. The study contributes to evidence-based Ayurvedic practices, enhancing patient care.
12) Raga:
Raga denotes the redness or discoloration of the skin associated with inflammatory conditions. In skin disorders like Dadru, observing Raga helps in assessing the severity of symptoms and the effectiveness of treatments. Addressing Raga is essential for restoring skin health in affected patients.
13) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originating from India, emphasizing balance among body, mind, and spirit. It utilizes natural substances for healing, focusing on prevention and holistic health. The principles of Ayurveda guide treatments for conditions like Dadru, integrating diet, lifestyle, and herbal therapies.
14) Disease:
Disease refers to any abnormal condition affecting the body or mind, often marked by specific symptoms and signs. In the context of this research, disease specifically encompasses skin conditions such as Dadru, highlighting the necessity for effective treatment strategies to alleviate patient suffering.
15) Itching:
Itching is a prominent symptom of skin disorders like Dadru, characterized by an uncomfortable sensation that provokes scratching. It significantly impacts quality of life, necessitating effective interventions. Understanding and alleviating itching are crucial for patient comfort and recovery in dermatological conditions.
16) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of earth and water. An imbalance in Kapha can lead to various health issues, including skin conditions. Recognizing Kapha's role assists in formulating tailored treatments to restore balance and resolve pathogenic manifestations.
17) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu refers to itching or an irritating sensation commonly associated with skin disorders. In treating conditions like Dadru, Kandu serves as a key symptom to assess treatment efficacy. Alleviating Kandu is often a primary goal in managing skin diseases, directly affecting patient well-being.
18) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a traditional healing system that emphasizes holistic health. The significance of India in this research lies in its rich medicinal heritage, facilitating the study and practice of Ayurvedic treatments for various conditions, including skin disorders like Dadru.
19) Tamravarna:
Tamra-varna refers to reddish-brown skin discoloration observed in certain skin diseases. It is considered a clinical sign that aids diagnosis in Ayurveda. Monitoring Tamra-varna provides valuable insight into the severity and progression of skin disorders like Dadru, enabling informed treatment decisions.
20) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra represents a classification of minor skin disorders in Ayurveda, such as Dadru, which are generally less severe than major disorders. Understanding Kshudra's attributes helps in differentiating treatment approaches based on illness severity, thus influencing patient management strategies and health outcomes.
21) Mandala (Mamdala):
Mandala denotes the physical manifestation of the disease as circular patches on the skin in Ayurvedic terminology. As a symptom of conditions such as Dadru, monitoring the number and size of Mandala assists clinicians in assessing disease progress and efficacy of treatment over the course of therapy.
22) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti refers to the state of imbalance or dysfunction in the body according to Ayurvedic principles. It encapsulates the deviation from an individual's natural constitution, impacting health. Identifying Vikriti is crucial in Ayurveda as it guides effective therapeutic interventions to restore balance.
23) Nidana:
Nidana signifies the underlying cause or diagnosis of a disease in Ayurveda. It involves understanding disease causation to implement effective treatments. Accurate Nidana assessment is vital for developing individualized therapeutic strategies such as those applied in managing skin disorders like Dadru.
24) Jaipur:
Jaipur is a city in India known for its significant contributions to Ayurveda education and research. The research conducted in Jaipur facilitates advancements in Ayurvedic practices, informing treatment methodology for skin diseases like Dadru, thereby enhancing patient care and community health.
25) Tamra:
Tamra, meaning copper in Sanskrit, is often described in relation to skin attributes and colors. In Ayurveda, observing skin coloration like Tamra helps define the nature of certain skin conditions, providing diagnostic insight and guiding therapeutic decisions against disorders like Dadru.
26) Roga:
Roga translates to disease or ailment in Ayurveda, encompassing various health conditions. Understanding Roga is essential for practitioners to implement effective treatment measures tailored to individual needs, such as the application of Mulakadi Lepa for managing conditions like Dadru.
27) Sidhma:
Sidhma refers specifically to another type of skin disorder within Ayurvedic classifications. Understanding its differences from Dadru is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Accurate differentiation helps in identifying effective therapies tailored to the unique manifestations of skin conditions.
28) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi indicates a disease or disorder in Sanskrit, encompassing a wide range of pathologies in Ayurveda. Recognizing Vyadhi helps in comprehending the intricate connection between symptoms and underlying imbalances, crucial for implementing effective treatments against ailments like Dadru.
29) Rakta:
Rakta represents the blood and is one of the dhatus (tissues) in Ayurveda. Its health is crucial for overall wellness and directly impacts skin conditions. Treatments addressing Rakta are essential for managing diseases like Dadru, helping restore balance and healing within the body.
30) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-pitta refers to a dual dosha condition, indicating the influence of both Kapha and Pitta imbalances on health. Understanding Kapha-pitta dynamics assists practitioners in tailoring treatments for skin disorders like Dadru, taking into account both watery and fiery qualities in clinical management.
31) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana pertains to the cleansing process in Ayurveda, purging toxins and restoring balance. This principle is vital, particularly in chronic or resistant conditions like Dadru. Implementing Shodhana helps eliminate imbalances, thus improving health outcomes and fostering overall well-being.
32) Pradhan:
Pradhan translates to principal or primary, denoting the main dosha or influence in a condition. Identifying the Pradhan dosha in disorders like Dadru is essential for understanding the disease's etiology, informing subsequent treatment choices and strategies.
33) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana refers to palliative treatment approaches aimed at alleviating symptoms without entirely curing the underlying condition. In managing disorders like Dadru, Shamana therapies focus on reducing discomfort and improving the patient's quality of life while working on the broader health aspects.
34) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna signifies warmth or heat energy within the context of Ayurveda. Its therapeutic application is notable in treatments targeting conditions such as Dadru, as Ushna properties in herbs can effectively act against cooling imbalances, encouraging faster recovery from skin ailments.
35) Scratching:
Scratching refers to the act of rubbing the skin, often provoked by itching. It signifies discomfort linked to conditions like Dadru, contributing to skin irritation and potentially exacerbating symptoms. Addressing the urge to scratch is essential in developing effective management strategies for skin disorders.
36) Suffering:
Suffering encapsulates the physical, emotional, and social burdens that individuals with skin diseases experience. Recognizing the broader implications of conditions like Dadru is crucial for holistic treatment approaches, which should address both the physical symptoms and the psychological impact on the patient's life.
37) Activity:
Activity pertains to daily living tasks and functions that can be disrupted by skin conditions like Dadru. Understanding how these conditions impinge on normal activities particularly underscores the importance of effective, timely treatments to restore the individual's quality of life and overall well-being.
38) Seat (Seated):
Seated indicates the anatomical location of lesions or conditions present on the body. In the case of Dadru, determining whether the disease is superficial or deep-seated informs treatment strategies, guiding practitioners towards appropriate interventions and expected outcomes.
39) Guna:
Gunas are the inherent properties of elements and herbs in Ayurveda, influencing health outcomes. Understanding Gunas informs treatment selection, ensuring herbs have qualities congruent with the patient's condition, particularly in the management of skin ailments like Dadru.
40) Sign:
Sign refers to observable manifestations of a condition, such as lesions in Dadru. Understanding signs is critical in the diagnostic process, enabling practitioners to assess the severity and progression of diseases, guiding treatment effectiveness and patient management.
41) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha embodies the three fundamental forces: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha in Ayurveda. The balance among these doshas determines health. Investigating Tridosha dynamics helps practitioners understand disorders like Dadru, guiding them in formulating effective treatment protocols for restoring health.
42) Pariksha (Pariksa):
Pariksha signifies the examination or assessment process in Ayurveda. It includes evaluating signs, symptoms, and other factors to arrive at a diagnosis. A thorough Pariksha is essential in developing appropriate treatment strategies for skin disorders like Dadru, ensuring effective patient care.
43) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna refers to sharpness or potency of a therapeutic agent or symptom. In Ayurvedic practices, Tikshna qualities are used strategically in treating diseases, offering rapid relief, particularly in conditions like Dadru, where effective control over acute symptoms is desired.
44) Sharira (Sarira):
Sharira translates to the body in Ayurveda, highlighting its integral role in health. Understanding the Sharira's structure and functions informs practitioners about disease manifestations and guides them in implementing holistic therapeutic measures, especially in conditions like Dadru.
45) Madhya:
Madhya means the middle part or intermediate area. In Ayurvedic treatment, the concept of Madhya has implications regarding localization and severity of disorders like Dadru, influencing treatment approaches that consider the affected area and its specific needs.
46) Urdhva:
Urdhva signifies upward or higher positions in the Ayurvedic context, often referring to diseases that affect upper body regions. Understanding Urdhva in relation to conditions like Dadru allows practitioners to address severity and its implications for treatment planning effectively.
47) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refer to the channels or pathways through which substances flow in the body, essential in Ayurvedic understanding of health and disease. Recognizing Srotas dynamics is crucial in managing conditions like Dadru, helping to inform effective treatment strategies targeting vital bodily functions.
48) Dhatu:
Dhatu signifies the foundational tissues of the body in Ayurveda, including blood, muscle, fat, and others. Understanding the state of Dhatu informs practitioners about disease conditions, such as Dadru, by determining potential imbalances that need to be addressed through treatment.
49) Atasi:
Atasi refers to flaxseed, a herb mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. Its inclusion in treatments reflects its beneficial properties for health. Understanding Atasi's role informs practitioners concerning its therapeutic potentials, particularly in formulating remedies for skin disorders like Dadru.
50) Adhas (Adhah):
Adhah means downward direction, often used to reference the gravity of conditions or symptoms localized to lower body areas. In assessing skin diseases like Dadru, understanding Adhah helps practitioners gauge the extent and implications for treatment strategies.
51) Pushpa (Puspa):
Pushpa refers to flowering stages of a plant, often used metaphorically in Ayurvedic texts to denote healing potential. Understanding Pushpa emphasizes the importance of using botanical sources in treatments for conditions like Dadru, honoring nature's role in herbal medicine.
52) Maha (Maha°):
Maha means great or significant, often used to differentiate more severe types of conditions. In terms of skin diseases, distinguishing Maha Kustha from Kshudra enhances treatment specificity, allowing practitioners to tailor interventions effectively based on the severity of the condition.
53) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
Rakta-dhatu refers to the blood tissue within the Ayurvedic framework. Its health impacts overall vitality and is intrinsically linked to various skin conditions. Addressing Rakta-dhatu balance is crucial for treating skin disorders effectively, including cases of Dadru.
54) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
Pitta-dosha is a crucial Ayurvedic element associated with metabolism and heat. Its involvement in skin conditions like Dadru emphasizes the need for targeted treatments that balance Pitta, reducing inflammation and enhancing recovery through proper therapeutic approaches.
55) Observation:
Observation denotes the careful assessment process used to monitor the effects of treatments. In clinical studies, accurate Observation of symptoms helps practitioners gauge treatment efficacy and make necessary adjustments to intervention plans, particularly in managing skin disorders like Dadru.
56) Ashtavidha (Astavidha, Ashtan-vidha):
Ashtavidha refers to eight comprehensive examination techniques in Ayurveda to assess health conditions. The framework ensures thorough diagnostics and reveals nuanced understandings necessary for crafting effective treatments for ailments such as Dadru, optimizing patient care.
57) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja signifies diseases characterized by imbalances of the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Since Dadru is classified as Tridoshaja, understanding its nature enables practitioners to employ holistic treatment strategies that address all contributing doshic factors.
58) Discussion:
Discussion involves the interpretation and evaluation of study findings. Conducting comprehensive Discussion based on observational data promotes a deeper understanding of treatment impacts and informs future research directions vital for enhancing Ayurvedic treatment protocols.
59) Kandughna (Kandu-ghna):
Kandughna refers to alleviating itching or pruritus. As a significant symptom in skin disorders like Dadru, employing Kandughna properties in treatment formulations is essential for improving patient comfort and managing overall treatment effectiveness.
60) Tikshnata (Tiksnata):
Tikshnata represents sharpness or potency in treatment agents. In the context of skin conditions like Dadru, utilizing herbs with Tikshnata quality provides therapeutic strength, enabling effective response and management of acute symptoms associated with the condition.
61) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha denotes medicinal herbs or plants used for healing and therapeutic purposes in Ayurveda. Understanding Aushadha encompasses recognizing effective plants for treating conditions like Dadru, advocating the integration of natural remedies into contemporary medicinal practices for holistic health benefits.
62) Sarshapa (Sarsapa):
Sarshapa refers to mustard, a herb often included in Ayurvedic medicines. Its properties contribute beneficial therapeutic effects, particularly in skin treatment formulations. Recognizing Sarshapa's role supports the compounding of effective remedies for conditions like Dadru.
63) Pradhana:
Pradhana translates to primary or principal, indicating the leading factor in a treatment or health condition. Understanding Pradhana aids in determining the main therapeutic focus, particularly in distinguishing between various manifestations of conditions like Dadru during treatment planning.
64) Sthanika:
Sthanika indicates localized treatment, often through topical applications. In Ayurveda, employing Sthanika approaches focuses on directly addressing symptoms in specific body areas affected by diseases like Dadru, ensuring targeted and effective healing.
65) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to women in the gestational phase, necessitating special considerations in Ayurvedic treatment protocols. Certain treatments may be contraindicated during pregnancy, including those for skin conditions like Dadru, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in patient care.
66) Visarpa:
Visarpa refers to spreading or migration of skin lesions, indicating an active infection. In treating conditions like Dadru, understanding Visarpa dynamics is crucial for appropriate intervention, ensuring comprehensive management and addressing the root causes of spread.
67) Vidanga (Vidamga):
Vidanga is an herb utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, recognized for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. Including Vidanga in treatment protocols contributes to overall effectiveness, particularly in addressing skin conditions like Dadru through its health-promoting qualities.
68) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or long pepper, is an ingredient valued in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, particularly in enhancing digestion and absorption. Understanding Pippali's role in formulations helps practitioners optimize treatments for skin disorders such as Dadru, fostering overall health and recovery.
69) Shunthi (Sunthi, Sumthi, Shumthi):
Shunthi translates to ginger, an herb celebrated for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. In Ayurveda, recognizing Shunthi's contributions to treatment formulations enhances the potential for effective management strategies for skin disorders like Dadru, supporting patient wellness.
70) Prakopa:
Prakopa refers to the aggravation or increase of dosha imbalances, leading to health issues. Understanding Prakopa dynamics is essential for devising strategies to prevent or mitigate diseases like Dadru, ensuring timely intervention and restoring balance.
71) Gomutra (Go-mutra):
Gomutra translates to cow urine, utilized in various Ayurvedic treatments for its detoxifying properties. Its inclusion in formulations can enhance therapeutic effects, particularly in skin conditions like Dadru, due to its purported healing qualities.
72) Jejjata:
Jejjata may refer to classifications or perspectives within Ayurvedic texts that help differentiate between conditions. Gaining insight into Jejjata helps practitioners refine diagnostic techniques, aiding in distinguishing between types of Kustha and treating them effectively.
73) Science (Scientific):
Science reflects a systematic approach to acquiring knowledge, especially in evaluating treatment effectiveness. The integration of scientific methods in Ayurvedic research, such as investigating Mulakadi Lepa, fosters evidence-based practices, enhancing the authority and reliability of traditional healing systems.
74) Siddhi:
Siddhi refers to successful attainment or accomplishment, particularly in the context of achieving desired health outcomes. In Ayurvedic terms, discussing Siddhi signifies evaluating treatment efficacy, ensuring that health goals are met effectively, particularly in managing skin conditions like Dadru.
75) Mulaka:
Mulaka refers to radish, an ingredient known for its detoxifying and healing properties in Ayurveda. Incorporating Mulaka into treatments like Mulakadi Lepa enhances therapeutic effects, particularly in skin conditions such as Dadru, promoting effective symptom relief.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 93]