Correlation of modern kala sharir perspective with contemporary concepts.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Corelation of modern perspective of kala sharir according to samhitas with modern concept
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. A. S. Charde and Dr. Prachi S. Sawsakade


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Corelation of modern perspective of kala sharir according to samhitas with modern concept

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201816-13203


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The concept of 'Kala' is an integral yet enigmatic aspect of Ayurveda, articulated primarily by Aacharya Sushrut in the Sushrut Samhita. This paper delves into the significance and functionality of Kalas, which are described as minute entities within the human body that play a pivotal role in the formation and structure of bodily tissues. There are seven particular Kalas situated beneath the skin, enveloping and residing between the Dhatus (tissues) and Aashay (cavities). To fully comprehend the concept of Kala, a thorough exploration of various Ayurvedic texts and their commentaries, along with insights from modern science, is essential.

The Formation and Role of Kalas

Kalas are fundamentally characterized as minute, invisible particles essential for the development and formation of Dhatus and Malas within the human body. The process of Dhatu formation begins from a liquid state called Dhaturasa, leading to observable tissues over time. During this transitional process, Kleda—remnants of Dhaturasa—exists in minute quantities between the Dhatu and Aashay. It is this residual Kleda that is identified as Kala. The study outlines that Kalas can be structurally aligned with fibrous or mucous membranes found in modern anatomical terms, while their functions mirror those of biological cells.

Types and Functions of Kalas

The paper identifies seven distinct types of Kalas: Mansadharakala, Raktadharakala, Medodharakala, Shleshmadharakala, Purishadharakala, Pittadharakala, and Shukradharakala. Each type has unique locations and roles in the body. For example, Mansadharakala is a fascia supporting vascular structures, while Raktadharakala pertains specifically to blood vessels, facilitating blood formation and transmission. Similarly, other Kalas contribute to different physiological functions such as lubrication, protection, and secretion, further solidifying the idea that Kalas are vital for maintaining bodily integrity and performing specialized tasks within various tissues.

Correlation with Modern Perspectives

In exploring the correlation between Kalas and modern biological concepts, the paper emphasizes that Kalas can be viewed as structural components akin to fasciae and membranes in contemporary anatomy, while functionally akin to cells. These parallels highlight that both Kalas and cells partake in essential biological processes such as formation, protection, secretion, and transformation. The uniqueness of Kalas is recognized through their continuous role throughout a person's life, from embryonic development to adulthood, presenting a bridge between ancient Ayurvedic principles and current biological understanding.

Conclusion

The examination of Kalas offers profound insights into Ayurvedic medicine, showcasing their relevance in the processes of tissue formation and bodily function. These minute particles not only act as protective and structural membranes but also resemble cellular functions in various biological contexts. Understanding Kalas deepens our appreciation of Ayurveda's holistic approach to health and reinforces the similarities between ancient wisdom and modern scientific discoveries.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the concept of Kala in Ayurveda?

Kala is a unique concept in Ayurveda, explained by Aacharya Sushrut in the Sushrut Samhita. It represents seven essential entities located beneath the skin, playing a crucial role in covering, supporting, and differentiating the fundamental principles (Dhatus) of the body.

How many Kalas are described in Ayurvedic texts?

Ayurvedic texts identify seven Kalas. These include Mansadharakala, Raktadharakala, Medodharakala, Shleshmadharakala, Purishadharakala, Pittadharakala, and Shukradharakala, each serving distinctive functions within the body.

What is the relationship between Kalas and cells?

Kalas are minute, invisible particles similar to cells. They function in the formation, protection, secretion, selection, absorption, and transformation processes essential for creating Dhatus and maintaining bodily functions.

Where are Kalas located in the body?

Kalas are situated at the boundaries of the body's fundamental principles (Dhatus). They are spread in specific locations throughout the body, influencing various bodily functions.

What are the primary functions of Kalas?

The primary functions of Kalas include formation of Dhatus, protection, secretion of bodily fluids, and absorption and transformation of nutrients, mirroring essential cellular functions in the body.

How does the concept of Kala relate to modern science?

The concept of Kala in Ayurveda can be correlated with modern embryology and cellular structure. Both emphasize the importance of fundamental building blocks, whether in the form of Kalas or cells, for body development and function.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Correlation of modern kala sharir perspective with contemporary concepts.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Kala:
Kala refers to a unique and intricate concept in Ayurveda, representing minute particles that are considered fundamental elements in the formation and functioning of tissues (Dhatu) within the body. It is linked to developmental processes and is perceived as foundational in connecting structure and function in life.

2) Kalas:
Kalas are the plural form of Kala, indicating multiple such fundamental elements within the body. They serve as a classification of these particles, which exist beneath the skin, and are essential in sustaining various bodily functions and maintaining the integrity of tissues throughout an organism's life.

3) Dhatu:
Dhatu represents the fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda, essential for the organism’s vitality and structure. Each Dhatu plays a specific role in supporting bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and immune response. The relationships among Dhatus, Kalas, and other elements are crucial for understanding health and disease.

4) Samhita:
Samhita refers to foundational texts in Ayurveda that compile medical knowledge, classifications, and treatment methods. These texts, which include the Sushrut Samhita and Ashtangahrudaya, serve as vital resources for practitioners, providing detailed insights into various aspects of Ayurveda, including the concept of Kalas.

5) Snayu:
Snayu denotes fibrous tissue in Ayurveda, which plays a key role in supporting the structure and function of various organs and tissues. It is often associated with Kalas, indicating their supportive roles in connecting, protecting, and enveloping the fundamental structural components of the body.

6) Study (Studying):
Studying entails the examination and analysis of Ayurvedic literature to gain insights into complex concepts like Kalas and Dhatus. It is fundamental for practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding, apply knowledge effectively, and enhance their clinical practices.

7) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India, where significant Ayurvedic educational institutions are located, including those involved in the study of Kalas. It provides a cultural and academic backdrop for research and practice in Ayurveda, reflecting the regional heritage and contribution to ancient medicinal traditions.

8) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
Nagpur is a prominent city in Maharashtra, India, recognized for its educational institutions, including those that specialize in Ayurveda. The city serves as an important hub for Ayurvedic studies, facilitating research on concepts like Kalas, and fostering the growth of Ayurveda as a recognized field.

9) Kleda:
Kleda refers to the residual secretion that remains during the transformation of Dhatus in Ayurveda. It signifies the transitional phase where material is neither fully absorbed nor discarded, akin to the concept of Kalas, which are considered vital, albeit minimal, components in bodily function.

10) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, whose rich traditions encompass holistic health approaches. It has been the locus for extensive Ayurvedic scholarship, exploration of concepts like Kalas, and integration of ancient wisdom with modern science, continuing to influence medical practices worldwide.

11) Blood:
Blood, a vital bodily fluid, is connected to the Raktadharakala, the specific Kala that pertains to the formation and circulation of blood. Its significance within the Ayurvedic context is critical, as the balance, quality, and circulation of blood are crucial for overall health.

12) Sira (Shira):
Sira refers to veins in Ayurveda, through which blood circulates. The concept of Kalas intertwines with Sira as they collectively support the vascular system, maintaining the flow of vital fluids within the body. Understanding their structure and function is crucial in Ayurvedic practices.

13) Life:
Life encapsulates existence and vitality in Ayurveda, emphasizing the interrelation of elements like Kalas, Dhatus, and the overall physiological processes. The status and health of these elements drive the concept of wellness and longevity within Ayurvedic practices.

14) Purishadharakala (Purisadharakala, Purishadhara-kala):
Purishadharakala pertains to the specific Kala associated with the excretion process, particularly within the Koshtha (abdomen). It assists in managing waste separation, signifying the intricate balance within the body that Kalas ensure, contributing to overall homeostasis in bodily functions.

15) Pittadharakala (Pittadhara-kala):
Pittadharakala is a specific Kala associated with digestion and metabolism, representing the element responsible for bile's formation and secretion. It plays an essential role in supporting digestive health, aligning structure and function critical for the transformation of food into energy.

16) Substance:
Substance in Ayurveda refers to the material components of the body, including Dhatus and Kalas. Understanding these substances helps in evaluating their properties, interactions, and importance in health and disease, allowing for an integrated approach toward treatment and wellness.

17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes holistic well-being, integrating physical, mental, and spiritual health. Its concepts include foundational elements like Kalas, which are studied to understand body function and pathology within the framework of manifesting health.

18) Dhamani:
Dhamani refers to arteries, responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. Its relationship with Kalas emphasizes the structural support and functional importance in circulation, underscoring the interconnectedness of the vascular system within the broader context of Ayurvedic physiology.

19) Shukra (Sukra):
Shukra denotes reproductive fluid in Ayurveda, specifically linked to the Shukradharakala, which is responsible for the production of semen. This connection highlights the role of Kalas in reproduction, as well as their significance in sustaining life and promoting health.

20) Animal:
Animal signifies living beings possessing complex biological systems. In Ayurveda, the understanding of concepts like Kalas is relevant for analyzing the physiological and anatomical variances among different species and extending Ayurvedic knowledge into veterinary practices.

21) Birth:
Birth represents the initiation of life, during which vital processes of Dhatu formation and the presence of Kalas are established. This foundational period is crucial for determining health trajectories throughout life, as it sets the stage for bodily development and function.

22) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products in Ayurveda, representing elements that need to be eliminated from the body. Understanding the process and role of Kalas in managing Malas is pivotal for maintaining health and balance, thereby ensuring proper bodily function and homeostasis.

23) Human body:
The human body serves as the primary focus of Ayurvedic study, where concepts like Kalas are applied to understand structure, function, and health. Examining the intricacies of the human body through the lens of Ayurveda facilitates deeper insights into wellness and disease management.

24) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
Ashtangasangraha is a classical Ayurvedic text that encompasses comprehensive medical knowledge, including concepts like Kalas and their functions. It serves as a critical resource for practitioners, laying out methodologies for diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the body's intricate processes.

25) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation represents the process of change that occurs within the body, such as the conversion of substances during digestion or metabolic processes. Kaya, exemplifying this transformation, is intrinsic to the philosophies of Ayurveda, wherein Kalas play a crucial role in facilitating these essential changes.

26) Transmission:
Transmission in this context refers to the process through which various substances, including nutrients and fluids, are conveyed throughout the body. The role of Kalas in ensuring effective transmission underscores the interconnectedness of bodily systems and their operational harmony.

27) Pakvashaya (Pakvasaya, Pakva-ashaya):
Pakvashaya denotes the lower gut area in Ayurveda, where digestion and waste elimination processes are managed. The proper function of Kalas here is essential for separating waste products and ensuring the efficient handling of bodily excretions.

28) Discussion:
Discussion involves the discourse around Ayurvedic concepts, particularly relating to Kalas and Dhatus. This exchange of ideas fosters understanding, interpretation, and further exploration of ancient texts, contributing to the overall body of knowledge within Ayurvedic practices and education.

29) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite refers to a medical emergency addressed in Ayurvedic texts, particularly regarding treatment protocols. The significance of Kalas in the immediate physiological responses highlights their role in such scenarios, where understanding the body’s structure and function is crucial for effective treatment.

30) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding and interpretations of Ayurvedic principles regarding the body, including the nature of Kalas. It is foundational in advancing practices, fostering education, and enhancing the overall comprehension of health and healing within the Ayurvedic framework.

31) Shleshma (Slesma):
Shleshma indicates mucus, which is crucial in protecting and lubricating various body structures. Its relationship with Kalas emphasizes the protective elements within bodily systems and reflects the intricate balance Ayurveda seeks to maintain for health and vitality.

32) Activity:
Activity refers to the physiological and biochemical processes that occur in the body, including the actions performed by Kalas. These activities are essential for maintaining homeostasis, regulating bodily functions, and contributing to overall health and well-being.

33) Grahani:
Grahani refers to principles related to absorption and metabolic processes in Ayurveda, specifically concerning the digestive system. The role of Kalas in ensuring effective absorption highlights their significance in maintaining nutritional balance and metabolic health.

34) Koshtha (Kostha):
Koshtha signifies the abdomen or lower part of the gastrointestinal tract in Ayurveda, playing a key role in digestion and waste management. The interaction of Kalas within the Koshtha demonstrates their function in maintaining digestive processes and balancing bodily elements.

35) Maryada:
Maryada represents the limits or boundaries within which certain physiological processes occur in Ayurveda. Understanding the boundaries established by Kalas is crucial for maintaining bodily balance, ensuring that functions remain efficient and health is optimized.

36) Channel:
Channel refers to pathways through which bodily fluids and nutrients are transported. In the Ayurvedic context, Kalas are essential in maintaining these channels, ensuring optimal circulation and overall function of various body systems.

37) Cutting:
Cutting in this context can refer to surgical procedures or anatomical explorations, which can unveil the underlying structures, including Kalas. It serves as a method to understand the organization of tissues and the relationships of various components within the body.

38) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses systematic study and understanding of natural phenomena. In this context, integrating Ayurvedic principles with scientific inquiry aids in exploring concepts like Kalas, allowing for enhanced insights into physiology and potential advancements in medical practices.

39) Garbha:
Garbha pertains to embryonic development and gestational processes in Ayurveda. The concept of Kalas is vital during this stage, as they contribute to the foundational elements that structure the human body, correlating with embryological principles.

40) Pitta:
Pitta refers to the Ayurvedic concept of one of the three doshas, which governs metabolism, digestion, and transformation. The link between Pitta and Kalas underlines the dynamic balance and interactions within the body that contribute to overall health.

41) Majja:
Majja denotes bone marrow in Ayurveda, emphasizing its role in supporting bodily functions. The relationship between Majja, Kalas, and Dhatus underscores the interconnectedness of various elements in maintaining vitality and supporting the structure of the human body.

42) Purva:
Purva refers to the previous or initial states of Dhatus in Ayurveda. Understanding Purva in relation to Kalas elucidates the processes of transformation and continuity of bodily materials, highlighting the dynamic nature of health and metabolism.

43) Death:
Death signifies the cessation of physiological functions and life. In Ayurveda, understanding Kalas in relation to life stages, including death, provides insights into the cyclical nature of existence and the transitions between health and disease.

44) Indu (Imdu):
Indu refers to a specific commentary on Ayurvedic texts, emphasizing the importance of various interpretations in understanding concepts like Kalas. The role of commentaries is pivotal in advancing knowledge and providing deeper insights into the complexities of Ayurveda.

45) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda indicates the adipose tissue in Ayurveda, associated with energy storage and protection. Understanding Meda's relationship with Kalas highlights the role of fat in maintaining health and the multifaceted interactions of physical substances within the body.

46) Nadi (Nadin):
Nadi refers to channels or pathways for the movement of energy and bodily fluids in Ayurveda. The integration of Kalas within the Nadi system underscores the importance of these elements in optimizing physiological functions and sustaining health.

47) Bile:
Bile denotes a digestive fluid produced by the liver, essential for the digestion of fats. The connection between bile and its formation through Kalas represents the intricate relationships within the digestive processes, highlighting the importance of metabolic balance.

48) Food:
Food refers to the nutrients and substances ingested by the body, which are transformed into energy and bodily materials. The process of digestion and absorption, facilitated by Kalas, exemplifies the essential interactions between food intake and physiological functions within Ayurveda.

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