Ocular issues in diabetes management, focusing on madhumeha.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ocular manifestations and their management in diabetics with special reference to madhumeha
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Surangi K. G., Indu Sharma and Shamsa Fiaz
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Ocular manifestations and their management in diabetics with special reference to madhumeha
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20174-8077
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The paper discusses the ocular manifestations associated with diabetes, referred to in Ayurvedic medicine as "Madhumeha" or "Prameha," which falls under the category of incurable chronic diseases. These conditions can lead to significant ocular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. The authors aim to explore the connections between diabetes and eye disorders to construct effective management strategies based on Ayurvedic principles, focusing on their shared etiological factors. By identifying common grounds in pathophysiology, the study seeks to propose preventive and therapeutic measures tailored to diabetic patients.
Importance of Dietary Factors
One crucial aspect of the paper is the emphasis on dietary factors in the development of both "Prameha" and eye diseases. Unwholesome food and lifestyle choices contribute significantly to the vitiation of the "Doshas" (body energies), particularly "Kapha," which may exacerbate ocular conditions. Factors such as excessive intake of sour foods and liquids, improper eating habits, and a sedentary lifestyle are identified as significant contributors to both diabetes and eye disorders. The authors argue that a dietary approach incorporating "Chakshushya" foods—those beneficial for eye health—can mitigate the risk of ocular complications in diabetic patients.
Link Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Timira
The paper establishes a correlation between diabetic retinopathy and "Timira," a term used in Ayurveda for visual defects. Diabetic retinopathy is explained as a microvascular complication of long-term hyperglycemia resulting in retinal damage, similar to the Ayurvedic understanding of "Dristipatalagata" disorders characterized by changes in vision. The authors outline how both conditions manifest through symptoms tied to the "Doshas," with the potential for various types of visual disturbances linked directly to the metabolic imbalances seen in diabetes. Thus, recognizing the overlap between these two conditions can enhance prognosis and treatment approaches.
Management Strategies for Ocular Complications
Managing ocular complications in diabetic patients involves both preventive and corrective measures based on Ayurvedic principles. Treatments are aimed at addressing the underlying etiopathological mechanisms through methods such as "Samshodhana" (purification) and "Santarpana" (nourishment), guided by patient constitution. The authors highlight specific therapies that can also be employed, such as "Akshi Kriyakalpa," which are eye-specific therapeutic procedures that focus on restoring eye health—thus offering a holistic approach to managing complications associated with "Madhumeha."
Conclusion
In conclusion, individuals with diabetes, or "Madhumeha," face an increased risk of developing ocular anomalies due to common etiological factors between the two conditions. The paper underscores the necessity for early diagnosis, regular eye examinations, and adherence to Ayurvedic dietary and lifestyle regimens. By focusing on prevention through "Chakshushya" nutrition and employing Ayurvedic therapeutics, patients can significantly reduce their chances of developing eye complications, fostering better overall health outcomes. This approach not only sheds light on the interplay between diabetes and eye health but also advocates for integrating traditional knowledge into contemporary medical practices for more effective patient care.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Madhumeha and its connection to diabetes?
Madhumeha is a Vataja type of Prameha, regarded as a major disease. It correlates with diabetes mellitus due to similar signs and symptoms, indicating impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
How does diabetes affect ocular health?
Diabetes can lead to ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. These conditions are significant contributors to visual impairments and blindness in affected individuals.
What are common ocular manifestations in diabetics?
Common ocular manifestations in diabetics include diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma, often arising due to metabolic disturbances and complications related to prolonged hyperglycemia.
What dietary practices can help prevent ocular complications in diabetes?
Incorporating Chakshushya (eye-beneficial) foods, such as barley, certain vegetables, and Shali rice, along with regular check-ups and Ayurvedic practices can significantly reduce the risk of ocular complications.
What is the significance of recognizing aetiological factors for eye diseases?
Identifying aetiological factors like dietary habits and unhealthy behaviors is crucial in managing diabetes-related eye diseases. Appropriate lifestyle adjustments can help mitigate the risk of developing these complications.
What treatment approaches exist for ocular manifestations of diabetes?
Treatment approaches include Ayurvedic therapies such as Tarpana and Aschyotana, along with dietary regimens focused on reducing aggravation to the doshas, ultimately improving eye health in diabetics.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ocular issues in diabetes management, focusing on madhumeha.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Prameha:
Prameha refers to a group of metabolic disorders in Ayurveda characterized by excessive urination and is often correlated with diabetes mellitus. The term signifies conditions linked with the vitiation of Doshas, particularly Kapha, leading to various chronic health issues, primarily affecting the metabolic pathways and influencing ocular health.
2) Disease:
Disease in the Ayurvedic context relates to imbalances in the body's Doshas, leading to dysfunction and discomfort. Understanding disease involves examining the underlying causes, which are often linked to improper diet, lifestyle choices, and genetic predispositions, ultimately emphasizing the holistic balance necessary for optimal health.
3) Anjana (Amjana):
Anjana refers to eye medications or treatments applied externally, typically in the form of herbal preparations aimed at healing various eye disorders. It embodies the Ayurvedic approach to ocular health, where the intent is to restore balance and address issues like dryness, inflammation, or infection present in the eye.
4) Food:
Food plays a crucial role in Ayurveda, being central to health and wellness. Dietary choices are seen as either nurturing the body or contributing to imbalance, depending on their nature and how they interact with an individual's constitution (Prakriti). The right food is vital for digestion, energy, and overall health.
5) Surangi (Suramgi):
Surangi, the name of the author, symbolizes efforts in advancing the discourse on Ayurvedic medicine, specifically in understanding diabetes and its ocular manifestations. The work reflects a growing interest in integrating traditional wisdom with contemporary medical challenges, enhancing educational outreach in Ayurvedic practices.
6) Timira:
Timira is an Ayurvedic term that refers to visual disorders, specifically those affecting the eyesight, such as blurred vision or cataracts. Understanding Timira involves exploring its causes, treatments, and implications for overall ocular health, framing it within the context of Dosha balance and lifestyle choices.
7) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja denotes a disease or disorder attributed to the vitiation of the Vata Dosha, characterized by qualities such as dryness, lightness, and mobility. Conditions classified as Vataja often manifest with symptoms like pain, irregular digestion, or anxiety, necessitating specific dietary and lifestyle modifications for management.
8) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental concepts in Ayurveda representing the three biological energies: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each Dosha embodies specific characteristics and functions within the body, influencing both physical health and mental well-being. Their balance is essential for maintaining health and preventing disease.
9) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to a classification of disorders caused by vitiation in the Kapha Dosha. Symptoms of Kaphaja conditions may include congestion, lethargy, and weight gain. Treatment typically involves dietary restrictions and lifestyle changes to alleviate excess Kapha and restore balance.
10) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja is used to describe disorders arising from an imbalance in the Pitta Dosha, associated with elements like heat and metabolism. Conditions under this classification often result in inflammation, burning sensations, and digestive issues, requiring dietary adjustments to cool and balance Pitta.
11) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas in Ayurvedic medicine, characterized by qualities such as heaviness, solidity, and moisture. It governs metabolic processes, bodily structure, and fluid balance. Imbalances in Kapha can lead to respiratory issues and obesity among other health concerns.
12) Netra:
Netra translates to 'eye' in Sanskrit, emphasizing its significance in Ayurvedic understanding of health. The eye is seen as a vital sensory organ, and its well-being is closely linked to overall vitality and balance, often requiring careful consideration in Ayurvedic treatment and therapies.
13) Pratisharana (Pratisarana):
Pratisarana is an Ayurvedic practice involving external applications to treat localized conditions. It often focuses on cleansing and purifying affected areas, enhancing the body's ability to heal and maintain balance, particularly in terms of fluid and energy flow.
14) Drishti (Drsti, Drishtin, Drstin):
Drishti signifies vision or sight in Ayurveda and is associated with the health of the eyes and the clarity of vision. Understanding Drishti involves not only treating physical ocular conditions but also considering how lifestyle and dietary choices impact visual health.
15) Vidagdha:
Vidagdha refers to food that has been improperly prepared or consumed in an incompatible manner, leading to digestive issues or disease. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of proper food combinations and cooking methods to ensure optimal digestion and overall health.
16) Lekhana:
Lekhana involves the concept of scraping or cleansing in Ayurvedic treatments. It's aimed at detoxifying the body by removing excess impure substances, particularly in metabolic disorders, to restore balance and promote health. This technique can also apply to localized treatments.
17) Vartma (Vatrma):
Vartma refers to pathways or channels within the body, particularly in the context of the eyes in Ayurveda. Understanding Vartma involves considering how these channels can become obstructed or affected by disease, impacting overall health and function.
18) Karma (Karman):
Karma encapsulates the concepts of action and its implications in Ayurveda, emphasizing that actions (both mental and physical) influence health outcomes. Karma informs therapeutic approaches, highlighting the interconnectedness of behavior, lifestyle, and overall well-being.
19) Agni:
Agni symbolizes the digestive fire in Ayurveda, critical for transforming food into energy and maintaining metabolic processes. A balanced Agni is vital for health; its disturbance can lead to various health issues, stressing the need for proper dietary habits.
20) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine originating in ancient India, focusing on balance within the body and between body, mind, and spirit. It emphasizes natural remedies, lifestyle adjustments, and dietary practices to promote health and prevent disease.
21) Tarpana:
Tarpana is a therapeutic treatment in Ayurveda, specifically for the eyes, involving the application of medicated ghee around them. This procedure aims to nourish and rejuvenate the ocular region, enhancing vision and alleviating dryness or fatigue.
22) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi refers to joints in Ayurvedic terminology; it also metaphorically signifies connections between different body functions. Healthy Sandhi are essential for fluid motion and overall joint health, frequently targeted in therapeutic practices to maintain balance and alleviate pain.
23) Pidaka:
Pidaka denotes various forms of localized skin conditions or growths in Ayurveda, such as cysts or boils. Understanding Pidaka reflects the need to address both systemic imbalances and localized conditions in a comprehensive treatment plan.
24) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya is a therapeutic procedure that involves administering herbal oils or powders through the nasal passage. It is thought to cleanse the head and neck region, enhance sensory function, and address conditions affecting the respiratory system.
25) Blindness:
Blindness in Ayurveda is generally viewed as a significant impairment of vision, which can arise from various eye diseases. Understanding its causes and treatments involves a comprehensive approach that addresses both physical symptoms and underlying systemic imbalances.
26) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated describes the state of imbalance or disturbance in the body's Doshas, directly impacting health and functionality. Recognizing vitiation aids practitioners in developing targeted interventions to restore balance.
27) Putapaka (Puta-paka):
Putapaka is a preparation technique in Ayurveda that involves cooking herbs or substances to enhance their medicinal properties. This method ensures the effective delivery of therapeutic agents, crucial for various Ayurvedic formulations and treatments.
28) Vomiting:
Vomiting in the Ayurvedic context can be a sign of digestive distress or an excess of Kapha. It is often considered a symptom that needs to be addressed through dietary changes or therapeutic interventions to restore balance.
29) Doshaja (Dosha-ja, Dosaja):
Doshaja refers to diseases that arise from disturbances or imbalances in the Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Identifying Doshaja patterns is fundamental in Ayurveda, facilitating targeted treatments aimed at restoring the balance and tackling the root cause of health issues.
30) Pitta:
Pitta represents one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, associated with heat, metabolism, and transformation. It plays a vital role in digestion and energy flow. Its imbalance can lead to inflammatory conditions, skin issues, and digestive disturbances.
31) Ulcer:
An ulcer in Ayurvedic terms refers to a sore or open wound that can arise from imbalances in the body's energies. Addressing ulcers necessitates understanding their underlying causes and implementing therapies that promote healing and restore balance.
32) Pain:
Pain in Ayurveda is viewed as a signal of imbalance or pathology within the body. The management of pain involves identifying its root cause, often linked to Dosha disturbances, and implementing holistic strategies for pain relief and overall well-being.
33) Burning sensation:
A burning sensation is often indicative of elevated Pitta in Ayurvedic terms, signaling inflammation or irritation. It requires careful assessment to determine its source and to direct appropriate dietary and lifestyle interventions to alleviate discomfort.
34) Raktamokshana (Raktamoksana, Rakta-mokshana):
Raktamokshana signifies bloodletting or therapeutic blood removal in Ayurveda, primarily used to detoxify and address various conditions associated with Pitta. This technique is considered beneficial for managing inflammatory and skin disorders.
35) Adhimantha:
Adhimantha refers to conditions affecting intraocular pressure, such as glaucoma, in Ayurvedic terms. Acknowledging and treating Adhimantha involves understanding its relationship with the Doshas and applying suitable therapies to manage ocular health.
36) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata, an important figure in Ayurvedic medicine, contributed significant texts and knowledge within the field. His work emphasizes the integration of practical knowledge and philosophical understanding in the practice of Ayurveda, enhancing the discipline's holistic approach to health.
37) Chedana:
Chedana indicates the practice of surgical excision or removal of tissues to treat ailments in Ayurveda. This technique is employed when conservative methods fail, emphasizing the need for thorough diagnosis and treatment for effective healing.
38) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning sensations in the Ayurvedic context often relate to Pitta imbalance, leading to inflammatory symptoms that require careful management. It prompts the application of cooling agents and modifications in diet and lifestyle to alleviate the discomfort.
39) Patala:
Patala refers to the layers or strata of tissues in the body. Understanding Patala is essential in Ayurvedic practices, especially for diagnosis and treatment, focusing on the health and interaction of various bodily systems.
40) Vamana:
Vamana is a therapeutic procedure in Ayurveda that involves the induced vomiting to eliminate toxins or excess Kapha. This cleansing method is used for specific conditions, aligning with the holistic approach to restoring balance in the body.
41) Pindi (Pimdi):
Pindi refers to a form or mass used in Ayurvedic treatments, often created from medicated powders. Pindi therapies aim to deliver concentrated herbal benefits to specific areas of the body, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
42) Table:
In the context of clinical research and articles, a table serves to organize and present information systematically, making complex data easily digestible. Tables enhance clarity, allowing for the effective communication of findings related to health and Ayurvedic principles.
43) Kaca:
Kacha refers to immature or developing conditions, particularly concerning cataracts in Ayurveda, indicated by unclear or cloudy visuals. Understanding Kacha aids in identifying and applying appropriate therapeutic strategies to manage eye health and preserve vision.
44) Seka (Sheka):
Seka refers to the pouring or sprinkling of medicated liquids over affected areas in Ayurvedic practices. This method is often used in ocular health treatments to cleanse and soothe, reflecting the holistic approach to improving patient outcomes.
45) Sign:
A sign in Ayurveda denotes observable indicators of health or disease, guiding practitioners in diagnosis and treatment decisions. Understanding these signs is crucial for restoring balance and ensuring effective therapeutic interventions.
46) Sour:
Sour in Ayurveda relates to food tastes and their impact on digestion and health. Sour foods can stimulate appetite and digestion but should be consumed mindfully to avoid aggravating Pitta and causing imbalances.
47) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
Shalakya-tantra is a specialized branch of Ayurvedic medicine focused on diagnosing and treating diseases of the head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat. It emphasizes holistic approaches and traditional therapies to manage and restore health in these areas.
48) Abhishyanda (Abhisyanda):
Abhishyanda refers to a condition involving obstruction or accumulation, particularly in the ocular systems, leading to issues like conjunctivitis or other eye disorders. Understanding Abhishyanda is essential for effective treatment and management strategies.
49) Suffering:
Suffering in Ayurveda signifies the physical and mental discomfort stemming from imbalances and diseases. Addressing suffering involves a comprehensive treatment approach, integrating dietary, lifestyle, and therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring health and well-being.
50) Upadrava:
Upadrava refers to complications or secondary effects resulting from primary diseases. In Ayurveda, addressing Upadrava is essential for comprehensive patient care, ensuring that the treatments target the entire spectrum of health concerns.
51) Bhedana:
Bhedana denotes the act of incision or cutting in Ayurvedic treatments to access or treat underlying health issues. This method emphasizes the importance of precise diagnosis and intervention in managing and healing various conditions.
52) Upanaha:
Upanaha is a local application of medicated pastes or bandages to treat inflammation or pain in Ayurveda. This methodology exemplifies the emphasis on localized treatment and its role in holistic patient care.
53) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra refers to systematic frameworks or techniques utilized across various Ayurvedic practices. The term emphasizes the structured approach within Ayurveda necessary for diagnosing and treating imbalances effectively.
54) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara in Ayurveda relates to alkaline substances used for therapeutic purposes, often employed in treatments to alter properties of tissues or relieve symptoms. Its application reflects Ayurveda's emphasis on natural remedies and balancing the Doshas.
55) Jaipur:
Jaipur, a city in India, is significant within Ayurveda as it hosts institutions and practitioners dedicated to the traditional healing system. The city's growing recognition fosters education and the advancement of Ayurvedic practices in contemporary times.
56) Shyava (Syava):
Shyava refers to a bluish or dark discoloration indicative of certain health issues, often associated with vitiation within the body's systems. This observation aids in diagnosing conditions that necessitate Ayurvedic intervention.
57) Bitter:
Bitter tastes in Ayurveda are often associated with detoxification and cleansing. Foods with a bitter taste can stimulate digestion and help balance Kapha, making them essential for achieving overall health and balance.
58) Bhava:
Bhava in Ayurveda refers to 'state' or 'emotion' and relates to mental and emotional processes influencing physical health. Understanding Bhava emphasizes the interconnectedness of mind and body in maintaining health and preventing disease.
59) Dhatu:
Dhatu denotes the seven fundamental tissues in Ayurveda that build the physical body and sustain life. Maintaining balance among Dhatus is essential for overall health, forming the core focus in Ayurvedic treatment strategies.
60) Water:
Water is essential for life and health in Ayurveda, facilitating digestion, detoxification, and metabolic processes. Its qualities and the manner of consumption are crucial for maintaining balance and promoting health.
61) Field:
Field may refer to the area of study or focus within Ayurveda, particularly concerning the examination of health, disease, and treatment modalities. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary approaches in health management.
62) Fever:
Fever in Ayurveda indicates an underlying imbalance, often signifying a body response to infection or illness. Understanding the cause of fever is vital to determine appropriate treatment strategies for restoring health.
63) Study (Studying):
Study in the Ayurvedic context refers to the systematic analysis of health practices, medicinal properties, and holistic approaches. It emphasizes the necessity for ongoing research to integrate traditional knowledge with modern medical insights.
64) Sira (Shira):
Sira refers to veins or channels in the body responsible for the transportation of blood and nutrients. Understanding Sira's function is essential for Ayurvedic treatments aiming to improve circulation and overall health.
65) Amla:
Amla, or Indian gooseberry, is a vital fruit in Ayurveda known for its rich vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It is considered a Rasayana (rejuvenative) food that aids digestion, boosts immunity, and balances the Doshas.
66) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities like movement and dryness. It governs functions such as circulation and the nervous system. Maintaining its balance is crucial for overall health and well-being.
67) Rice (Rce):
Rice, particularly in Ayurvedic diets, is a staple grain viewed as nourishing and grounding. It is often recommended for balancing various Doshas and as a primary source of carbohydrates for energy and sustenance.
68) Prakshalana (Praksalana):
Prakshalana is a cleansing therapy in Ayurveda that involves flushing the gastrointestinal tract. This method is utilized to detoxify, promote digestive health, and restore balance to metabolic processes, crucial for achieving overall wellness.
69) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
Samshodhana refers to purificatory therapies in Ayurveda aimed at detoxification and cleansing the body of toxins. These practices are essential for maintaining health and preventing disease, emphasizing the importance of a balanced lifestyle.
70) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha represents the element associated with stability, structure, and moisture in the body. As one of the three Doshas, its balance is essential for maintaining bodily health and function, with specific dietary and lifestyle needs.
71) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni is the digestive fire located in the stomach, crucial for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. Proper functioning of Jatharagni is vital for health; disruptions lead to digestive disorders and systemic imbalances.
72) Agnikarma (Agni-karma):
Agni-karma refers to a therapeutic procedure involving the application of heat to treat pain and inflammation. It exemplifies Ayurveda's use of energy principles in healing, promoting circulation and discomfort relief.
73) Samtarpana (Santarpana):
Santarpana is a process of nourishing and revitalizing the body through dietary and lifestyle interventions, particularly beneficial for those in a weakened state. It reflects the holistic approach of Ayurveda in restoring health and balance.
74) Similarity:
Similarity suggests the parallels between different health conditions or treatments, particularly within Ayurveda. Recognizing these relationships is crucial for developing effective integrative approaches to management, emphasizing the interconnectedness of bodily systems.
75) Rasakriya (Rasa-kriya):
Rasakriya refers to processes related to the transfer of nutrients and vitality throughout the body in Ayurveda. It underscores the significance of nourishment and the role of various therapies in ensuring overall health and balance.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 202]