Endemic orchid Eulophia epidendrea in Kanyakumari, Peninsular India.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Terrestrial wild endemic orchid eulophia epidendrea (koenig) of peninsular india, kanyakumari district
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. R. Mary Suja and Dr. B. Christudhas Williams
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Terrestrial wild endemic orchid eulophia epidendrea (koenig) of peninsular india, kanyakumari district
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20178-8944
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the terrestrial orchid Eulophia epidendrea (Koenig), a rare and endemic plant found in the Pulathoor Hills of Kanyakumari District, Peninsular India. The Western Ghats, where this orchid thrives, is characterized by a rich diversity of flora but is facing threats from habitat degradation and fragmentation. This study aims to explore and identify the morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of this orchid species, contributing to the understanding of its ecology and conservation needs.
Habitat and Ecology of Eulophia epidendrea
The preferred habitat of Eulophia epidendrea includes terrestrial, shade-loving environments within bushes and rock crevices at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 1500 feet. These habitats play a critical role in the species’ survival, providing essential resources and protection. The orchid attracts pollinators such as hummingbirds and butterflies, which visit the flowers for nectar. The ecological interactions within this habitat highlight the importance of conservation efforts to maintain the balance of biodiversity in the region.
Morphological Characteristics
Eulophia epidendrea is characterized by its ovoid-conical pseudobulbs, which are covered by sheaths when fresh, while older bulbs exhibit naked sheath fibers. The leaves are linear and acuminate, ranging between 22-45 cm in length. The inflorescence emerges as a raceme, measuring about 91-219 cm, and can have up to 45 flowers. Each flower spans 2.2-2.9 cm and features distinctive green and pink veining. Key structural components include a trilobed lip and a vermiform spur, adapting the flower for pollination by specific agents.
Distribution and Conservation Status
The orchid is considered endemic and rare within India, which raises concerns about its conservation status. The study highlights the need for critical taxonomic analysis due to the heavy exploration and the impact of human activities on its natural habitats. Understanding the distribution patterns of Eulophia epidendrea not only aids in its preservation but also adds values to the biogeographical studies of the Western Ghats region, where endemic species help illustrate adaptive evolution and ecological significance.
Conclusion
The findings on Eulophia epidendrea underscore the importance of continued research and conservation efforts aimed at protecting endemic species in habitats such as the Western Ghats. By understanding its ecological requirements and morphological traits, better strategies can be developed for its preservation amid environmental changes and human encroachment. This study calls for heightened awareness and action to safeguard such unique flora, ensuring their survival for future generations.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of the orchid Eulophia epidendrea?
Eulophia epidendrea is an endemic terrestrial orchid in Peninsular India, particularly threatened due to habitat loss. It provides insight into the biogeography and diversity of flora in the region.
Where was Eulophia epidendrea observed in its natural habitat?
This orchid was floristically explored in Pulathoor Hills, Kanyakumari District, at altitudes of 1000 to 1500 feet, where it grows in bushes and rock crevices.
What ecological interactions involve Eulophia epidendrea?
Eulophia epidendrea attracts hummingbirds and butterflies that visit the flowers for nectar, showing the plant's role in its ecosystem.
What is the flowering period for Eulophia epidendrea?
Eulophia epidendrea typically flowers and fruits between October and November, providing a brief window for reproduction and pollination.
What morphological features characterize Eulophia epidendrea?
Eulophia epidendrea has ovoid-conical pseudobulbs, linear leaves, and a raceme inflorescence with flowers 2.2-2.9 cm across, exhibiting green coloration with pink veins.
What threats are faced by terrestrial orchids like Eulophia epidendrea?
Terrestrial orchids are sensitive to habitat degradation, fragmentation, and over-extraction, which threaten their survival in natural ecosystems.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Endemic orchid Eulophia epidendrea in Kanyakumari, Peninsular India.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) India:
India is a country in South Asia known for its rich biodiversity and varied climatic conditions, which play a significant role in the existence of numerous flora and fauna. The text mentions the terrestrial orchid 'Eulophia epidendrea' being endemic to Peninsular India, illustrating the country’s unique ecological zones essential for plant species survival.
2) Habitat:
Habitat refers to the natural environment where a species lives. The text discusses the critical habitats of 'Eulophia epidendrea' in Pulathoor Hills, Kanyakumari District, where the orchid thrives among terrestrial bushes and rock crevices, emphasizing the importance of preserving these habitats against degradation.
3) Species:
A species is a group of related organisms capable of interbreeding. In this context, 'Eulophia epidendrea' is specifically identified as a terrestrial orchid endemic to Peninsular India, which highlights the significance of species conservation amid threats like habitat loss and over-exploitation.
4) Indian:
The term Indian refers to anything related to India, its culture, flora, and fauna. The context focuses on Indian orchids, particularly 'Eulophia epidendrea', showcasing the country’s unique plant diversity and the necessity to study and protect its endemic species.
5) Evolution:
Evolution refers to the process through which species adapt and diversify over time. The text touches upon the historical factors influencing plant diversity in India, indicating the evolutionary pathways that have shaped its endemic and endangered orchid species due to geological changes.
6) Forest:
Forests provide vital ecosystems that host diverse plant and animal species. In the text, the Western Ghats, a crucial forest region in India, is mentioned as a rich habitat for orchids, emphasizing the role of forest preservation for maintaining biodiversity.
7) Barber:
Barber is referenced in the context of a specimen examined, identified as Barber 6556. This highlights the significance of specimen collection and research in taxonomy, which aids in understanding and documenting plant species, ensuring their conservation and ecological relevance.
8) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants. The text discusses findings related to the taxonomy and morphological characteristics of 'Eulophia epidendrea', linking botany to the broader understanding of plant diversity and the importance of research in plant conservation efforts.
9) Madra:
Madra appears to be a misspelling or abbreviation possibly referring to Madras (now Chennai), indicating its historical relevance for botanical research in the region. The text includes citations from literature published in this area, reflecting the scientific exploration of orchids in South India.
10) Mishra (Misra):
Misra is a cited author in the text, emphasizing the sensitivity of orchids to habitat degradation and fragmentation. This reference highlights the importance of previous research and findings that inform current conservation efforts and ecological studies in the context of Indian orchids.
11) Visit:
Visit refers to the interaction between pollinators like hummingbirds and butterflies with orchids for nectar. By highlighting these visits, the text underscores the ecological relationships and dependencies within ecosystems, further illustrating the importance of preserving plant species and their natural habitats.
12) Genu:
Genu is likely a misspelling or abbreviation. However, if interpreted broadly, it may refer to genus, which is a rank in biological classification. 'Eulophia' is the genus of the studied orchid, emphasizing the significance of accurate classification for understanding biodiversity.
13) Ghat (Gham):
Ghat refers to a mountain pass or a hill, often associated with the Western Ghats in India. The Western Ghats are crucial for biodiversity, serving as a habitat for many endemic species, including 'Eulophia epidendrea', thus highlighting the geographical and ecological significance of these regions.
14) Bird:
Birds are key pollinators and play a crucial role in the ecosystem. The text mentions hummingbirds visiting 'Eulophia epidendrea', demonstrating the interconnections between species within their habitats and emphasizing the importance of protecting both plant and animal life for ecological balance.