Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in DMF ternary mixtures.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ultrasonic studies on molecular interaction in ternary liquid mixture of n-n dimethylformamide at different frequencies
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Dr. A. Suryanarayana Reddy and Satyanarayana
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Ultrasonic studies on molecular interaction in ternary liquid mixture of n-n dimethylformamide at different frequencies
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9475
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This study investigates the molecular interactions in a ternary liquid mixture composed of N-N dimethylformamide (DMF), benzoic acid, and ethylene glycol at various ultrasonic frequencies (2MHz, 4MHz, 6MHz, and 8MHz) at a constant temperature of 308K. The primary aim of the research is to utilize ultrasonic techniques to measure acoustic properties such as density and ultrasonic velocity, which can reveal insights into intermolecular interactions. These properties play a crucial role in understanding the structural variations and behavior of liquid mixtures, and deviations from ideality can indicate significant molecular interactions between the constituents of the mixture.
The Role of N-N Dimethylformamide
N-N dimethylformamide is highlighted as a key component in the ternary mixture due to its exceptional properties as a dipolar aprotic solvent. Its ability to act both as a proton donor and acceptor allows for robust intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which enhances the solvent's interactions with other molecules. The importance of DMF extends to its numerous applications in industrial processes, such as in the manufacture of acrylic fibers, pharmaceuticals, and various resins. The study observes how the interactions within this ternary mixture can be affected by varying concentrations of DMF, thus influencing the physical and chemical characteristics of the mixture.
Acoustic Parameters and Their Measurements
The research encompasses an extensive analysis of several acoustical parameters calculated from measured values of density and ultrasonic velocity. Key parameters include adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, and acoustic impedance, among others. Deviation from linear behavior in properties like ultrasonic velocity in relation to concentration indicates complex interactions among the mixture's components. For instance, increasing ultrasonic velocity typically corresponds with decreasing intermolecular free length, demonstrating the strong influence of molecular interactions in the system.
Excess Properties and Molecular Interactions
The study examines the excess values of various acoustical parameters to better understand the nature of interactions in the liquid mixture. Positive and negative excess values signify the types of interactions occurring between the solvent molecules. The presence of dispersive forces leads to positive excess values, while strong attractive forces result in negative excess values. These findings underscore the dual presence of both weak and strong molecular interactions, indicating a rich interplay within the liquid mixture, essential for understanding its thermodynamic behavior.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings from the ultrasonic studies of the ternary liquid mixture of N-N dimethylformamide, benzoic acid, and ethylene glycol reveal notable molecular associations and interactions. The negative excess values for certain parameters, such as adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free length, suggest strong molecular interactions driven by charge transfer and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, this research provides valuable insights into the character and complexity of molecular interactions in liquid mixtures, which hold significant implications for various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What ultrasonic parameters were measured in the study?
The study measured density, ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance, and molar volume among other parameters in the ternary liquid mixture.
What is the significance of N-N dimethylformamide in the study?
N-N dimethylformamide is an important dipolar aprotic solvent used in various industries, known for its thermal and chemical stability, and ability to engage in hydrogen bonding.
How does molecular interaction affect ultrasonic velocity?
An increase in ultrasonic velocity was observed with increased concentrations, indicating stronger intermolecular forces and molecular interactions in the liquid mixture.
What are the observed trends in excess acoustic parameters?
The excess parameters showed varied behaviors: positive excess values indicate strong interactions while negative values reflect dispersive forces between unlike molecules in the ternary mixture.
At what temperature were the measurements conducted?
All measurements for the ternary liquid mixture of N-N dimethylformamide, benzoic acid, and ethylene glycol were conducted at a constant temperature of 308K.
What conclusion was drawn regarding molecular interactions?
The study concluded that significant molecular association and interaction occurs in the ternary mixture due to charge transfer and hydrogen bonding, indicated by negative excess values of compressibility and free length.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in DMF ternary mixtures.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
The term 'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data in rows and columns. In scientific research, tables are essential for summarizing numerical results, facilitating easy comparison and analysis of experimental findings, particularly in density and ultrasonic velocity measurements, which are central to the study discussed in the document.
2) Water:
Water is a primary solvent used in numerous experimental procedures, particularly in density measurement. In the context of this study, distilled water serves as a reference for obtaining the density of the ternary liquid mixtures, emphasizing the importance of accurate reference materials in scientific experiments to ensure valid comparisons.
3) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to the act of closely examining a subject for deeper understanding. In this document, studying molecular interactions within liquid mixtures serves a significant purpose in characterizing the behavior of solvents, advancing knowledge in both physical chemistry and practical applications in various industries.
4) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the process of quantifying physical properties, such as density and ultrasonic velocity, in a scientific investigation. Accurate measurement is crucial in this study to derive avant-garde acoustical parameters that characterize the behavior and interactions within the ternary liquid mixtures at given frequencies and temperatures.
5) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are biologically active compounds that inhibit bacterial growth and are widely used in medicine. In the context of this document, the mention of antibiotics relates to one of the applications of benzoic acid, underscoring the relevance of the studied solvent mixture in pharmaceutical applications and drug development.
6) Relative:
The term 'relative' in the study pertains to the analysis of relationships between various parameters, such as density and ultrasonic velocity. The term underscores how changes in one variable can affect others in the ternary mixture, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the factors being studied.
7) Nature:
The word 'nature' describes the inherent characteristics or qualities of the molecular interactions under examination. The study emphasizes understanding the nature of interactions between components in the ternary mixture, which is crucial for predicting macroscopic behavior based on microscopic properties.
8) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of removing impurities from materials to ensure the integrity of experimental results. In this research, chemicals of analytical reagent and spectroscopic reagent grade were utilized, highlighting the significance of high-purity substances in obtaining reliable and reproducible experimental data.
9) Discussion:
Discussion denotes the section of a scientific paper where results are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, the discussion elaborates on the implications of the experimental findings regarding molecular interactions in the ternary liquid mixture, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the data and its relevance.
10) Medicine:
Medicine involves the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness and disease. The study highlights the importance of N-N dimethylformamide and its mixtures in pharmaceutical applications, suggesting potential uses in drug development, which connects the experimental findings to medical science.
11) Species:
Species in this context refers to the chemical components involved in the ternary liquid mixture, such as N-N dimethylformamide, benzoic acid, and ethylene glycol. Understanding the interactions between different species is critical for elucidating their collective behavior and properties in solution.
12) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra refers to a state in India, specifically Andhra Pradesh, where one of the authors, Dr. A. Suryanarayana Reddy, is affiliated. The geographical context may highlight the regional focus of the research and its relevance to local academic and industrial applications, fostering regional scientific development.
13) India:
India denotes the country where the research was conducted, emphasizing the national context of the study. The collaboration among researchers across various institutions in India showcases the country's commitment to advancing scientific knowledge and leveraging local resources and expertise in chemical research.