Lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity activity of nigella sativa seeds
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity activity of nigella sativa seeds
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Nigella sativa, commonly known as black cumin, is a medicinal herb that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine across various cultures, including Ayurveda and Unani, particularly for treating ailments like asthma, bronchitis, and various skin disorders. Research has shown that the seeds of N. sativa have significant pharmacological properties, attributed mainly to the presence of the phytochemical thymoquinone. This study highlights the lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity effects of N. sativa seeds, in addition to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities, providing valuable insight into their potential therapeutic applications.
Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activity
The study investigates the anti-lipid peroxidation properties of N. sativa, which is crucial for combating oxidative stress and associated diseases. Lipid peroxidation is a damaging process where free radicals attack cell membranes, leading to cellular dysfunction. The methanol extract of N. sativa seeds was tested on liver homogenates to measure the extent of lipid peroxidation, indicating the extract's potential to inhibit this process. Results showed that with increasing concentrations of the extract, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation significantly increased, demonstrating N. sativa’s protective effects against oxidative damage.
Antibacterial Properties
In addition to its antioxidant capabilities, the antibacterial activity of N. sativa seeds was thoroughly examined in the study. Utilizing standard protocols, the extract was tested against two common bacterial strains: Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium) and Bacillus subtilis (a Gram-positive bacterium). The results indicated that the methanol extract of N. sativa exhibited effective antibacterial action, as evidenced by the zones of inhibition observed on culture plates. This suggests that N. sativa could serve as a natural antibacterial agent and has potential applications in treating bacterial infections.
Phytochemical Analysis
The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of N. sativa seeds revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. These compounds are known for their diverse biological activities, contributing to the therapeutic potentials of the seeds. The qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted in the study provided a comprehensive overview of the beneficial compounds present in N. sativa. This exploration of phytochemicals underscores the value of N. sativa in herbal medicine and highlights the importance of further research into its various health benefits.
Conclusion
The findings of this study underscore the significant pharmacological activities of Nigella sativa seeds, particularly their antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antibacterial properties. These results suggest that N. sativa seeds could be beneficial in combating various diseases, potentially leading to natural therapeutic solutions. Given the growing interest in traditional medicinal plants, this research contributes valuable knowledge that may pave the way for future studies and applications in the field of herbal medicine, addressing contemporary health challenges.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Prasanna srinivasan Ramalingam, Monisha Antony Sagaya Raj, Priyalakshmi Ravichandran, Kumaran Shanmugam, Suganthi Nagarasan, Purushothaman Balakrishnan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity activity of nigella sativa seeds
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9389
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary focus of the study on Nigella sativa?
The study primarily focuses on the lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity activities of Nigella sativa seeds, along with their qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis.
What are some medicinal uses of Nigella sativa seeds?
Nigella sativa seeds have been used to treat various ailments such as bronchitis, asthma, rheumatism, skin disorders, and they possess anticancer and antioxidant properties due to phytochemicals like thymoquinone.
How was the extract of Nigella sativa prepared in the study?
The extract was prepared by extracting 50 grams of Nigella sativa seeds with 96% methanol for 24 hours using a Soxhlet apparatus, followed by boiling to obtain a viscous liquid.
What phytochemicals were identified in Nigella sativa seeds?
Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, while glycosides, phlobatannins, proteins, and coumarins were absent in the methanol extract.
What methods were used to assess antioxidant activity?
Antioxidant activity was assessed using various assays, including DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power assays, comparing the extracts' efficacy to that of standard chemicals like ascorbic acid.
What were the findings regarding antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa?
The methanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds demonstrated effective antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, indicated by zones of inhibition in culture plates.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Lipid peroxidation and anti-obesity activity of nigella sativa seeds”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants, playing significant roles in health benefits. They contribute to the medicinal properties of herbs, like Nigella sativa, showcasing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Understanding phytochemicals is crucial for developing treatments derived from natural sources and exploring their therapeutic potential in various diseases.
2) Activity:
In the context of this study, 'activity' refers to the biological functions exhibited by compounds. For example, antioxidant activity illustrates how Nigella sativa extracts scavenge free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Each type of activity reveals the potential health benefits of natural substances, assisting in the identification of therapeutic applications.
3) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent in biological processes and is often used in extracting active compounds from plants. In this study, it helps to dissolve certain phytochemicals during extraction and serves as a medium for various assays assessing the properties of Nigella sativa. Its relevance lies in ensuring optimal extraction and biological evaluation.
4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial properties refer to the ability of a substance to inhibit bacterial growth. The study highlights the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa against pathogens like E.coli and B.subtilis, demonstrating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. This activity is significant in developing alternative treatments for bacterial infections using herbal remedies.
5) Table:
Tables are essential for presenting data systematically, allowing for easy comparison and interpretation of results. In this study, tables summarize the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial effects of Nigella sativa, enabling a clear understanding of findings and supporting scientific discussion. They enhance the clarity and accessibility of research information.
6) Disease:
The term 'disease' in this context relates to health conditions that may be treated or managed using natural remedies. Nigella sativa has been linked to various diseases, such as cancer and respiratory issues. Understanding the relationship between phytochemicals in plants and their impact on diseases is crucial for developing effective medicinal interventions.
7) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of how drugs or natural substances affect biological systems. The investigation of Nigella sativa's pharmacological activities reveals its therapeutic potentials, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This knowledge is vital for the formulation of herbal medicines and understanding their mechanisms of action in treating various health conditions.
8) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is a city in Tamil Nadu, India, known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. In this study, Thanjavur signifies the geographical source of the Nigella sativa used. The local biodiversity and traditional knowledge contribute to the understanding of herbal remedies prevalent in the region's medicinal practices.
9) India:
India is recognized for its vast diversity of medicinal plants and traditional healing systems like Ayurveda. The study emphasizes the importance of Indian herbal medicine, highlighting the use of Nigella sativa in various treatments. India's rich history in herbal medicine supports the exploration of plant-based therapies and their potential global relevance.
10) Study (Studying):
A study involves systematic investigation and experimentation to gain knowledge about a particular subject. This research on Nigella sativa explores its phytochemical constituents and various health effects, contributing to the understanding of its medicinal properties. Well-conducted studies are essential for validating traditional knowledge and discovering new therapeutic applications.
11) Vallam:
Vallam is a locality in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, where the research was conducted. Mentioning Vallam highlights the specific regional context of the study and underscores the importance of local plant knowledge. Regional insights can inform broader botanical studies and enhance recognition of indigenous medicinal practices and plant availability.
12) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Similar to Tamil-nadu, Tamilnadu refers to the southern state in India known for its rich cultural heritage and medicinal plants. Highlighting Tamilnadu underscores the environment where Nigella sativa is sourced, emphasizing local practices and biodiversity. This context can aid in promoting sustainable use and conservation of valuable plant species.
13) Medicine:
Medicine relates to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The study of Nigella sativa as a medicinal herb reflects the integration of traditional and modern medicinal approaches, exploring the efficacy and safety of herbal treatments. The study aims to bridge ancient practices with contemporary therapeutic practices.
14) Family:
In a botanical context, 'family' refers to the classification group in which plants share common characteristics. Nigella sativa belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, highlighting its genetic relationships to other plants. Understanding these classifications can aid in identifying potential benefits and developing therapeutic solutions derived from related species.
15) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth. The study investigates Nigella sativa's potential role in cancer treatment, supporting its historical use in traditional medicine. Exploring phytochemicals for anticancer properties is essential for developing innovative therapies and understanding the mechanisms that inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
16) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language and culture of the Tamil people, including those in Tamil Nadu, India. The cultural significance is crucial in the study, as traditional practices often rely on local knowledge and ancestral medicinal uses of herbs. This understanding fosters respect for heritage while exploring scientific validation of traditional claims.
17) Nadu:
In the context of Tamil Nadu, 'Nadu' signifies the region and its cultural identity. It denotes the significance of place in studying traditional medicine and biodiversity. The regional context can shape the understanding of how local populations utilize native plants like Nigella sativa for health benefits, influencing modern research directions.
18) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica is a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and respiratory health benefits. Mentioning it indicates the researchers' broader interest in exploring various traditional medicinal plants, suggesting comparative studies to validate and harness their therapeutic properties. It emphasizes the collective potential of indigenous plants in promoting health.
19) Allium sativum:
Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is celebrated for its health benefits, including antimicrobial and cardiovascular properties. Its mention signifies another area of research linked to the team’s studies, reflecting an interest in a diverse range of medicinal plants and their roles in health promotion and disease prevention.
20) Ramalingam:
Ramalingam refers to one of the authors involved in the study, emphasizing the collaborative nature of research. The contributions of multiple authors highlight the interdisciplinary approach to exploring the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Nigella sativa, underlining the importance of teamwork in scientific investigations.
21) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific research involves interpreting and evaluating findings while placing them in context with existing knowledge. In this study, the discussion elaborates on the implications of Nigella sativa's activities, connecting empirical data to traditional uses. Such discussions are crucial for advancing knowledge and guiding future research in herbal medicine.
22) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes a methodical approach based on empirical evidence and experimentation. The study adopts scientific methods to investigate Nigella sativa, adhering to rigorous protocols. This emphasizes the importance of combining traditional knowledge with scientific validation, which fosters trust in herbal remedies and promotes their acceptance in modern healthcare.
23) Substance:
Substance in this context refers to the active components derived from Nigella sativa or other botanical sources. Understanding various substances is crucial for assessing their pharmacological effects and potential applications in medicine. The identification of beneficial substances aids in developing effective therapeutic strategies against various health conditions.
24) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine that emphasizes balance in bodily systems using natural remedies. The study of Nigella sativa links its properties to Ayurvedic practices, showcasing its historical and contemporary relevance in health. Investigating such connections enhances the understanding of herbal plants' therapeutic roles within traditional frameworks.
25) Prasanna:
Prasanna refers to one of the authors in the study, highlighting their contribution to the research on Nigella sativa. Recognizing individual contributions emphasizes the collaborative effort in scientific inquiry. Author acknowledgment reflects the interdisciplinary nature of the study, pointing to the importance of teamwork in expanding medicinal knowledge.
26) Heating:
Heating is a method often used in the extraction of phytochemicals from plant materials. In this study, heating is significant in preparing the methanol extract of Nigella sativa, impacting the efficacy and yield of beneficial compounds. Proper heating techniques can enhance the extraction process, influencing subsequent biological evaluations.
27) Siddha:
Siddha is a traditional system of medicine from South India, emphasizing holistic approaches to health and healing. The mention of Siddha highlights the cultural heritage surrounding Nigella sativa and its historical use in managing health. Exploring Siddha knowledge can inspire new methods in contemporary herbal medicine practices.
28) Reason:
Reason speaks to the justification for conducting the study, often driven by the potential medicinal benefits of Nigella sativa. Defining the reason demonstrates the need for scientific validation of traditional knowledge, facilitating researchers' goals to explore effective, evidence-based applications for natural substances in healthcare.
29) Medium:
In a scientific context, 'medium' often refers to the environment or solution in which biological assays are conducted. The use of various media ensures accurate testing of the properties of Nigella sativa. Understanding the medium is vital for replicating results and ensuring the reliable application of findings in further research.
30) Powder:
Powder refers to the physical form of the Nigella sativa seeds used in the extraction process. Creating a powder from the seeds enhances the surface area for solvent extraction, allowing for better availability of phytochemicals. This stage of preparation is critical in the efficacy of extracting medicinal properties from plant materials.
31) Kumar:
Kumar refers to an author or researcher whose collaboration contributes to the study's findings. Acknowledging researchers is key in highlight team efforts in exploring herbs like Nigella sativa and their medicinal values. Recognizing individual roles emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, aiding in future research dissemination.
32) Malik:
Malik refers to a researcher whose work relates to the study of Nigella sativa and its uses in treating various ailments. Citing Malik's work reflects the interconnectedness of scientific literature, showcasing how collective research contributes to a deeper understanding of the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine practices.
33) Glass:
Glass is typically used to make laboratory equipment, such as beakers and test tubes, significant for conducting experiments. In this study, the reference to glass indicates the sterile environment maintained during experiments, ensuring the integrity of results. Quality equipment is essential for reproducibility and reliability in scientific investigations.
34) Field:
Field refers to a specific area of study or research, such as botany or pharmacology. The exploration of Nigella sativa's properties reflects the broader field of herbal medicine and ethnopharmacology, merging traditional knowledge with scientific validation. Understanding this field enhances the development of evidence-based medicinal applications derived from plants.
35) Blood:
In the context of health studies, blood often signifies vital biological processes and the body's overall condition. The effects of Nigella sativa on improving health can involve impacts on blood parameters, such as cholesterol levels. Understanding these relationships is critical for establishing the herb’s roles in preventive and therapeutic health.
36) Food:
Food represents a significant aspect of human health and nutrition in which herbs like Nigella sativa can play a role. The use of such herbs as food additives underscores their potential in enhancing flavor while providing health benefits. Integrating medicinal plants into daily diets promotes holistic health and wellness.
37) Nagin (Nagi):
Nagi likely refers to a researcher or author whose work relates to the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants like Nigella sativa. Acknowledging researchers fosters collaboration and highlights collective efforts in exploring the potential benefits of traditional herbs within the framework of modern scientific research.