Cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs in India
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Cost – effectiveness analysis of antihypertensive drugs available in indian market
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hypertension has emerged as a significant public health concern, with an estimated one billion individuals affected globally in the year 2000, projected to rise by about 60% by 2025. The consequences of uncontrolled hypertension include severe health conditions such as stroke, heart failure, and end-stage kidney disease, linking hypertension with a considerable mortality rate worldwide. In addition to the health impacts, hypertension imposes a considerable financial burden, comprising approximately 4.5% of the global disease burden. Consequently, the cost of antihypertensive medication plays a crucial role in therapeutic compliance, particularly in developing countries where out-of-pocket expenditure is high.
Cost Variation of Antihypertensive Drugs
A major discovery of the study is the significant variation in the prices of antihypertensive drugs available in the Indian market. The research specifically analyzed the cost of 31 different antihypertensive drugs, revealing that many single-drug therapies exhibit a percentage cost variation exceeding 100%. For example, Amlodipine (5 mg) showcased a staggering price variation of 864.70%, while Atenolol (25 mg) followed with a variation of 412.33%. Such extensive variations can financially burden patients, especially considering that hypertension often requires lifelong treatment.
Impact of Brand Competition
The Indian market is characterized as a predominantly branded generic landscape where multiple companies sell the same drug under different brand names, leading to a high number of available formulations. This scenario results in pronounced price inconsistencies among similar medications. The study indicates that healthcare practitioners often prescribe medications by brand name, which may inadvertently force patients to spend more due to the significant differences in pricing for identical active ingredients. The implications are clear: the availability of so many brands confuses both healthcare providers and patients about the most cost-effective treatment options.
Need for Price Regulation
Despite the government's efforts to control drug prices through the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO), the findings indicate a persistent issue with price variation for antihypertensive medications. While DPCO aims to regulate prices, historically, the percentage of drugs under price control has diminished significantly. The results suggest a need to revisit and potentially expand the scope of price regulation, particularly for life-saving medications, as many patients confront substantial financial challenges when selecting hypertension treatments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study highlights a crucial public health issue regarding the affordability of antihypertensive treatments in India. The analysis reveals alarming price variations among different brands of the same medication, indicating a lack of appropriate regulation. The findings urge authorities to implement comprehensive strategies to manage drug pricing effectively, thereby ensuring that patients can access affordable and effective treatments for hypertension without facing undue financial strain.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Dr. Pradnya Deolekar, Dr. Pramila Yadav and Dr. Sandesh Deolekar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Cost – effectiveness analysis of antihypertensive drugs available in indian market
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9373
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the antihypertensive drugs cost analysis study?
The study aimed to assess brand price variations of oral antihypertensive drugs and evaluate cost differences among brands of the same active drug.
Which antihypertensive drugs showed the highest price variation?
Amlodipine (5 mg) showed a price variation of 864.70%, followed by Atenolol (25 mg) at 412.33%, and Enalapril (10 mg) at 520.08%.
What sources were used to collect drug pricing data?
The study referred to the 'Current Index of Medical Specialties', 'Indian Drug Review', and the Monthly Index of Medical Specialties to gather pricing information.
What was the overall finding regarding price variations?
The study found significant price variations, often exceeding 100%, for commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs, indicating potential financial burdens on patients.
What recommendations did the study suggest for drug pricing?
The study recommended reassessing pricing policies and implementing quality norms, as well as bringing more lifesaving drugs under price control regulations.
Why is pharmacoeconomics important in hypertension treatment?
Pharmacoeconomics is important because the high cost of antihypertensive drugs can affect patient compliance and overall treatment effectiveness.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs in India”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to any substance used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or alleviate symptoms of a disease. In the context of hypertension, various antihypertensive drugs are analyzed for their cost-effectiveness. The differences in pricing strategies among different brands create a significant impact on patient accessibility and overall healthcare economics.
2) Disease:
In this study, 'Disease' specifically refers to hypertension, a chronic condition affecting blood pressure regulation. Hypertension is a significant public health challenge, contributing to many severe health issues such as heart failure and stroke. Understanding the financial implications of treating such diseases influences treatment decisions and healthcare policies.
3) Indian:
'Indian' denotes the geographical and cultural context of the study, focusing on the Indian market for antihypertensive medications. The term highlights the unique challenges faced within India's healthcare system, including variations in drug pricing, regulatory frameworks, and the significance of economic factors influencing patient compliance and treatment adherence.
4) India:
As a country with a large and diverse population, 'India' plays a crucial role in the study of pharmaceutical economics, particularly regarding antihypertensive drugs. The country faces challenges related to healthcare affordability and accessibility, making it essential to assess drug pricing variations and provide insights for policy improvements in healthcare.
5) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to the systematic investigation undertaken to analyze brand price variations of antihypertensive drugs in India. It aims to assess the economic implications of these variations on patients and the healthcare system. The study's findings contribute to ongoing discussions regarding drug pricing reforms and enhance understanding of pharmacoeconomics.
6) Medicine:
The term 'Medicine' signifies the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. In the context of this research, it underscores the importance of understanding antihypertensive medication options and their economic implications for patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers in addressing hypertension effectively.
7) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized presentation of research data, particularly relevant in this paper to summarize pricing information, cost variations, and drug formulations. Tables enhance clarity and allow comparisons between different drugs and combinations, facilitating better understanding and analysis of the cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment options.
8) Company:
'Company' highlights the pharmaceutical manufacturers of antihypertensive medications analyzed in the study. Each company may market the same active ingredient under different brand names, leading to significant price variations. Understanding company practices is critical in evaluating the overall market dynamics and pricing strategies affecting healthcare costs and patient access.
9) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the branch of medicine that focuses on drug action, interaction, and therapeutic applications. This study emphasizes the pharmacological aspects of antihypertensive drugs, assessing their effectiveness concerning cost, efficacy, and safety. The understanding of pharmacology informs both clinical practice and policy decisions in the management of hypertension.
10) Patil:
'Patil' refers to Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, where the authors are affiliated. This institution plays a vital role in medical education and research in India. The involvement of academic institutions in studies like this one highlights the importance of local expertise in understanding and addressing healthcare challenges.
11) Blood:
'Blood' indicates its significance in the context of hypertension, as the condition directly affects blood pressure levels. The investigation of antihypertensive drugs focuses on their ability to regulate blood pressure effectively, thereby preventing serious complications associated with high blood pressure, such as cardiovascular disease and strokes.
12) Beta:
'Beta' in this context likely relates to beta-blockers, a class of antihypertensive medications evaluated in the study. These drugs work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the cardiovascular system, thereby reducing heart rate and blood pressure. The price variations among beta-blockers highlight the need for cost-effective treatment options.
13) Life:
'Life' embodies the broader implications of managing hypertension effectively, underscoring that access to affordable medications can significantly influence a patient’s quality of life. Inadequate treatment due to high drug costs can lead to adverse health outcomes, making the analysis of drug pricing critical to improving health and prolonging life.
14) Discussion:
'Discussion' signifies the section in which the authors evaluate their findings in the context of existing literature. This critical analysis is essential for understanding the broader implications of the study, including potential recommendations for policymakers regarding the regulation of drug prices and the need for improved access to hypertension treatment.
15) Developing:
'Developing' refers to countries like India, which face systemic challenges in managing healthcare costs and access to medications. Understanding the economic landscape of drug pricing in developing nations is crucial for implementing effective healthcare reforms and ensuring that essential medications are available to the population at affordable prices.
16) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' refers to the rigorous methodology applied in the study to ensure that the findings are reliable and valid. This term emphasizes the importance of evidence-based decision-making in healthcare, particularly when addressing issues of cost-effectiveness in antihypertensive treatments within the broader context of public health.
17) Channel:
'Channel' is relevant in terms of distribution and the pathways through which medications reach consumers. It reflects the dynamics of how drug pricing and availability can be affected by the channels of supply and distribution in a country like India, impacting patients' access to affordable healthcare.
18) Quality:
'Quality' is a central theme in the evaluation of drugs, particularly in ensuring that cost variations do not compromise safety and efficacy. The study highlights the need for consistent quality standards among the many brands of antihypertensive drugs in India, linking drug quality to patient outcomes and healthcare decisions.
19) Death:
'Death' underscores the serious consequences of untreated hypertension, which can lead to life-threatening conditions. Understanding the financial barriers to accessing antihypertensive medications is critical, as reducing these barriers can significantly impact mortality rates associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
20) Food:
'Food' pertains to dietary habits, which contribute significantly to hypertension's onset and management. The relationship between lifestyle choices, including nutrition, and the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications informs treatment approaches and broader public health initiatives aimed at reducing hypertension prevalence.
21) Pur:
'Poor' refers to socioeconomic conditions that can hinder access to healthcare and effective treatments. In the context of this study, understanding the economic burden of antihypertensive drugs on low-income populations is essential for devising strategies to improve health equity and access to necessary medical therapies.