FT-IR study on hydroalcoholic extract of Amalakyadi-gana.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A ft-ir spectroscopic study on hydroalcohalic extract of amalakyadi-gana (compound formulation)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study explores the hydroalcoholic extract of Amalakyadi Gana, a compound formulation known for its therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda. By employing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the research aims to identify and characterize the various bioactive compounds present in the extract. These compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and amides, are believed to contribute to several pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. The understanding of these constituents through FT-IR spectroscopy not only corroborates traditional Ayurvedic claims but also lays a foundation for further pharmacological investigations.
The Significance of FT-IR Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) is a valuable analytical tool used to obtain infrared spectra of various samples in solid, liquid, or gas forms. Operating within the mid-infrared region (4000–400 cm–1), FT-IR can effectively identify functional groups and analyze molecular structures based on their vibrational modes. This technique is particularly useful in distinguishing different phyto-constituents in herbal formulations, as each organic compound exhibits a unique infrared absorption pattern. Through FT-IR analysis, the study successfully linked specific absorption bands to various functional groups in the Amalakyadi Gana extract.
Identification of Phytoconstituents
The FT-IR spectrum of the hydroalcoholic extract reveals various characteristic functional groups that indicate the presence of beneficial phytochemicals. Notably, the peaks at 3232 cm–1 and 2927 cm–1 correspond to the O-H stretching of flavonoids and tannins, and C-H stretching of methyl and methylene groups, respectively. Other significant peaks include those representing amide (C=O) vibrations and polysaccharides. The identification of these constituents highlights the pharmacological potential of Amalakyadi Gana, as each group has been associated with specific health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Pharmacological Implications of Key Compounds
The presence of flavonoids in the extract is linked to various health benefits, including their roles as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, essential for wound healing. Tannins are also recognized for their anticancer properties and their use in treating intestinal disorders. Furthermore, the methyl groups identified in the spectrum play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, which is vital for maintaining cellular health and preventing the activation of oncogenes. Overall, these compounds contribute to the traditional uses of Amalakyadi Gana in Ayurvedic medicine, supporting its efficacy in managing ailments.
Conclusion
The study effectively demonstrates the utility of FT-IR spectroscopy in characterizing the bioactive constituents of Amalakyadi Gana. The identification of various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides, suggests a strong pharmacological potential, affirming the formulation's traditional uses in Ayurveda. The findings encourage further in-depth studies to specifically explore the pharmacodynamics of these compounds, paving the way for modern therapeutic applications and validation of Ayurvedic practices.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Sadhana Singh, Brijesh Singh, Aparna Dixit and Vinod Kumar Joshi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A ft-ir spectroscopic study on hydroalcohalic extract of amalakyadi-gana (compound formulation)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9337
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary objective of the FT-IR study?
The primary objective of the FT-IR study was to analyze the hydroalcohalic extract of Amalakyadi-Gana to identify its chemical composition and functional groups, confirming the traditional Ayurvedic claims regarding its therapeutic properties.
What are the key constituents found in Amalakyadi-Gana?
The key constituents identified in Amalakyadi-Gana include flavonoids, tannins, methyl groups, polysaccharides, and amide groups, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other health benefits.
How was the hydroalcohalic extract prepared in the study?
The hydroalcohalic extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction, where coarsely powdered medicinal plants were extracted with a solvent mixture of water and ethanol over seven days.
What health benefits are associated with flavonoids found in the extract?
Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, aiding in wound healing and providing various health benefits, including anti-cancer effects and overall well-being.
What are the implications of the presence of methyl groups?
Methyl groups are vital for regulating gene expression, influencing DNA mechanisms, and potentially preventing cancer by turning off oncogenes and supporting tumor suppressor genes in the body.
Why is FT-IR spectroscopy beneficial in herbal studies?
FT-IR spectroscopy provides high-resolution data, allowing for the identification of unknown materials and the analysis of the chemical constituents present in herbal medicines efficiently and accurately.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “FT-IR study on hydroalcoholic extract of Amalakyadi-gana.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Gana:
In Ayurveda, 'Gana' refers to a group of herbs or plants that are classified together due to their similar properties or medicinal effects. The classification helps practitioners identify and utilize these plants for particular therapeutic purposes. Amalakyadi Gana, for instance, contains compounds known for their wellness attributes.
2) Activity:
In the context of pharmacological studies, 'activity' refers to the specific biological effects that compounds have on living organisms. This can include therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidative actions. Understanding the activity of different phytochemicals is key to developing effective medicines.
3) Amalakyadi (Amalaki-adi):
Amalakyadi is a specific formulation in Ayurveda consisting of four potent herbs: Amalaki, Haritaki, Pippali, and Citraka. The combination is believed to have synergistic health benefits, addressing various ailments like fever and digestive issues. Its traditional use underscores the importance of plant-based complex formulations.
4) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They play a crucial role in human health, as they scavenge free radicals and promote healing. Their presence in herbal formulations like Amalakyadi Gana contributes to the purported health benefits.
5) Haritaki:
Haritaki, known scientifically as Terminalia chebula, is a renowned medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is revered for its digestive benefits and overall wellness effects. Its inclusion in formulations like Amalakyadi adds to the therapeutic profile of the compound by potentially alleviating conditions such as constipation and malabsorption.
6) Amalaki:
Amalaki, or Emblica officinalis, is celebrated for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. It's commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating effects and benefits to immune health. Its presence in Amalakyadi Gana enhances the formulation's efficacy against various ailments.
7) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or Piper longum, is an Ayurvedic herb known for its warming properties and ability to enhance digestion and metabolism. In formulations like Amalakyadi, it is valued for promoting respiratory health and alleviating coughs, thus playing a critical role in enhancing overall wellness.
8) Citraka:
Citraka, or Plumbago zeylanica, is known for its pharmacological properties in Ayurveda, particularly its ability to improve digestion and reduce excess mucus. Its inclusion in Amalakyadi Gana helps balance bodily parameters, making it beneficial for conditions associated with congestion and digestive issues.
9) Cancer:
'Cancer' refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Many compounds derived from herbs, including those in Ayurvedic formulations like Amalakyadi, are being studied for their potential anti-cancer properties, highlighting the importance of traditional medicine in modern cancer research.
10) Drug:
A 'drug' in the context of herbal medicine refers to a substance used for therapeutic purposes. In Ayurveda, herbal drugs often consist of complex formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, which combine various plants to provide a holistic treatment approach for specific health conditions.
11) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' pertains to systematic investigation and analysis, particularly in scientific research. The present study utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy aims to identify functional groups in hydroalcoholic extracts, thereby validating traditional Ayurvedic claims about the efficacy and safety of formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
12) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda focusing on the properties and uses of medicinal plants. It involves studying the characteristics of various herbs to understand their applications in treatment. The knowledge gained from Dravyaguna aids in the formulation of compound medicines like Amalakyadi.
13) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. In Ayurveda, the use of herbal formulations, such as Amalakyadi Gana, is a holistic approach to promoting health and wellness, emphasizing the natural properties of plants in treating various ailments.
14) Water:
Water plays a crucial role in the extraction processes of herbal medicine, particularly in preparing hydroalcoholic extracts. It acts as a solvent that facilitates the dissolution of active components from plant material, essential for effective medicinal formulations. The quality of water directly influences the extract's potency.
15) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli like pathogens or injury, often resulting in redness, swelling, and pain. Herbal compounds in formulations like Amalakyadi Gana are traditionally recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties, helping to mitigate effects of inflammation on overall health.
16) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transform' in this context relates to the conversion of the sample’s physical properties during FT-IR spectroscopy, allowing for the identification of its molecular components. This transformation is critical for analyzing the bioactive constituents present in herbal extracts used in Ayurvedic medicine.
17) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originating in India, characterized by holistic approaches to health and wellness. It emphasizes the use of natural herbs and formulations, such as Amalakyadi Gana, to restore balance within the body, promoting physical and mental well-being.
18) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a religious and cultural hub in India, known for its historical significance in Ayurveda. Many Ayurvedic studies and practices originate from this city, where institutions like B.H.U. play a vital role in advancing research on traditional herbal medicines, including formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
19) Powder:
Powder refers to the form of the herbal material after grinding or grinding raw plant material. In the context of herbal medicine, finely powdered herbs are often used in extract preparation, facilitating better extraction of active compounds and enhancing the efficacy of formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
20) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda and traditional medicine, rich in biodiversity of medicinal plants. The practices, knowledge, and remedies developed here have influenced health systems worldwide. Indian herbs, including those in Amalakyadi Gana, are integral to the global understanding of herbal pharmacology.
21) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, commonly known as Amalaki, is a key ingredient in several Ayurvedic remedies. It's praised for its antioxidant and immune-boosting properties. It contributes significantly to formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, enhancing its therapeutic potential for various health conditions.
22) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, or Haritaki, holds a revered place in Ayurvedic medicine for its detoxifying and digestive properties. It is included in numerous formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, recognized for its role in promoting gut health and overall bodily balance.
23) Piper longum:
Piper longum, known as Pippali, is a traditional herb celebrated for its ability to enhance digestion and respiratory health. Its inclusion in traditional formulations like Amalakyadi Gana underscores its significance in treating respiratory ailments and promoting overall wellness.
24) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is a specific branch of Ayurveda that deals with surgical techniques and procedures. Although generally associated with surgical interventions, its principles are integral to understanding the comprehensive nature of Ayurvedic treatments, including formulations like Amalakyadi, which may complement surgical approaches.
25) Measurement:
'Measurement' pertains to the process of assessing specific characteristics of substances, critical in scientific methodologies. In the context of the study, methods like FT-IR spectroscopy are utilized for precise measurement of functional groups in herbal extracts, aiding in quality control and validation of traditional claims.
26) Bilaspur:
Bilaspur is a city in Chhattisgarh, India, with a government Ayurvedic college contributing to the field of traditional medicine. Research conducted in institutions here, including studies on formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, plays a vital role in preserving and promoting Ayurvedic knowledge.
27) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or grade of a particular substance or product. In herbal medicine, assessing the quality of plant materials and their extracts is essential to ensure safety and efficacy. The study of Amalakyadi Gana’s quality underlines the importance of consistent herbal potency.
28) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. The application of scientific methods, including FT-IR spectroscopy in herbal studies, bridges traditional knowledge and modern evidence, validating the use of formulations like Amalakyadi.
29) Surface:
'Surface' pertains to the outer layer of a sample. In the context of drug formulation and absorption, the surface properties of herbal materials can significantly affect their effectiveness. Understanding these properties helps enhance the absorption and efficacy of herbal contents in Ayurvedic formulations.
30) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
In Ayurveda, 'Tantra' refers to the body of knowledge encompassing the principles and methodologies of treatment. It serves as a foundational element for practitioners to understand herbal medicines, surgical techniques, and holistic healing approaches, contributing to the development of complex formulations like Amalakyadi.
31) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya, which refers to surgery in Ayurveda, entails techniques related to surgical intervention and treatment strategies. While distinct from herbal treatment, the principles of Shalya are critical for incorporating Ayurvedic approaches in comprehensive healthcare, including the development of effective herbal formulations.
32) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi references Prof. V.K. Joshi, a significant contributor to Ayurvedic studies and research. His work in identifying medicinal plants and understanding their properties has been pivotal in advancing knowledge about formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, bridging traditional and scientific knowledge.
33) Noise:
'Noise' in a scientific context often refers to background interference that can affect measurement accuracy. In FT-IR spectroscopy, minimizing noise is crucial for obtaining clear spectra, allowing for precise identification of functional groups in herbal extracts, ultimately validating their medicinal properties.
34) Food:
Food is crucial for energy and promoting health in living organisms. In Ayurveda, diet is intricately linked to well-being and is believed to influence the body's balance. Herbal formulations, including Amalakyadi Gana, often complement dietary considerations for holistic health approaches.
35) Human body:
The human body is the biological entity that experiences health and illness. In Ayurveda, understanding bodily mechanisms is essential for diagnosing and treating ailments. Formulations like Amalakyadi Gana are designed to interact with bodily systems, promoting balance and well-being through phytochemical actions.
36) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The Sushruta Samhita is a foundational text in Ayurvedic surgery and medicine, compiled by Sushruta, one of the earliest surgeons. It includes valuable knowledge about herbs, surgical techniques, and treatments like the Sarvajvarahara, which emphasizes the importance of formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
37) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drug action and effects in biological systems. This term highlights the significance of understanding how herbal compounds in formulations like Amalakyadi Gana exert their therapeutic effects, thereby validating traditional Ayurvedic practices within modern scientific parameters.
38) Sarvajvarahara (Sarvajvara-hara):
Sarvajvarahara is a term from Ayurveda referring to a formulation claimed to alleviate all types of fevers. This concept underscores the therapeutic potential of compound formulations like Amalakyadi Gana in addressing varied health issues, thus providing a holistic treatment approach in Ayurvedic practices.
39) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
Sutra-sthana is a section of the Sushruta Samhita dedicated to foundational principles and practices of surgery and medicine. The teachings within this text underscore the importance of comprehensive knowledge for practitioners, establishing links between medicinal formulations and their applications in health and healing.
40) Transmission:
Transmission in the context of FT-IR spectroscopy refers to the passage of infrared radiation through a sample. This process is essential for analyzing the absorption of specific wavelengths, providing key insights into the functional groups present in herbal extracts like Amalakyadi Gana.
41) Performance:
'Performance' refers to the effectiveness and reliability of methods used in scientific studies. In the context of this research, the performance of FT-IR spectroscopy is highlighted as a superior technique for identifying molecular structures and validating the presence of active compounds in herbal formulations.
42) Cakshushya (Caksusya):
Cakshushya is an Ayurvedic term referring to properties or treatments that are beneficial for eye health. Formulations like Amalakyadi Gana may contain ingredients known for their positive effects on vision, affirming the holistic approach in Ayurveda to address multiple aspects of health simultaneously.
43) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific literature involves the interpretation of findings and their implications. In the context of the study, it serves to analyze the results from FT-IR spectroscopy, linking them back to traditional Ayurvedic claims regarding the health benefits of herbal formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
44) Collecting:
'Collecting' refers to the methodology involved in gathering data or samples for research purposes. In the study, collecting samples of Amalakyadi Gana, followed by meticulous analysis, is essential for validating their traditional uses and understanding their chemical makeup scientifically.
45) Swelling:
Swelling is a common physiological response to injury or inflammation. Ayurvedic herbal formulations, such as those containing Amalakyadi Gana, are appreciated for their anti-inflammatory properties, potentially assisting in reducing swelling and promoting faster recovery from various ailments.
46) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts in Ayurveda that compile knowledge about healing practices, medicinal herbs, and formulations. These texts, such as Sushruta Samhita, serve as essential guides for practitioners, validating the use of herbal combinations like Amalakyadi Gana in treating health conditions.
47) Sadhana:
Sadhana refers to the disciplined practice and methods employed to achieve specific health outcomes in Ayurveda. This concept highlights the holistic approach to treatment, where formulations like Amalakyadi Gana are integral to a larger regimen aimed at restoring health and balance.
48) Vrishya (Vrsya):
Vrishya is an Ayurvedic term that describes substances believed to enhance vitality and reproductive health. Formulations like Amalakyadi Gana may include ingredients recognized for their aphrodisiac properties, affirming the holistic nature of Ayurvedic approaches to health and wellness.
49) Disease:
Disease refers to pathological conditions affecting the body, often necessitating treatment. Understanding the therapeutic potential of herbal formulations, such as those within Amalakyadi Gana, is critical as they aim to address various diseases through natural remedies and restorative techniques.
50) Rajiva:
Rajiva refers to the Rajiv Gandhi South Campus in the context of Ayurvedic research. It serves as a site for studying medicinal plants and their properties, thus contributing to the global understanding of herbal medicine and the validation of traditional knowledge.
51) Dipana:
Dipana describes the properties of substances that enhance digestive fire or Agni in Ayurveda. Formulations like Amalakyadi Gana, which contain specific herbs, are used to improve digestion and metabolic processes, highlighting the role of diet and herbal medicine in maintaining health.
52) Sthana:
'Sthana' refers to a location or place in Ayurveda, which can also denote specific contexts or frameworks for treatment practices. This term underlies the significance of grounding Ayurvedic remedies, such as Amalakyadi Gana, within their appropriate therapeutic contexts for effective use.
53) Reason:
'Reason' pertains to the rationale or scientific basis for a practice or formulation. In herbal studies like Amalakyadi Gana, understanding the reason behind the selection of specific herbs, their interactions, and therapeutic effects enhances the credibility and application of Ayurvedic medicines.
54) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of water and earth. It encompasses qualities of stability, lubrication, and nourishment. Formulations targeting imbalances in Kapha, such as Amalakyadi Gana, aim to restore balance and promote overall health.
55) Sutra:
Sutra is a term indicating a rule or guide, particularly in Ayurvedic texts. The Sutras provide crucial principles regarding health and treatment methods. The formulations discussed, like Amalakyadi Gana, embody these sutras, aligning traditional knowledge with practical applications.
56) Jvara:
Jvara, or fever, signifies an imbalance in the body according to Ayurveda. Treatments and formulations like Sarvajvarahara emphasize the need to address Jvara effectively. Understanding how specific herbs work to reduce fever is fundamental to Ayurvedic practice.
57) Campu:
Campu refers to a style of literary writing in Ayurveda, often characterizing texts that present educational or narrative content. This format enhances the accessibility of Ayurvedic knowledge, including the descriptions and uses of herbal formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.
58) Kumar:
Kumar may refer to the author or researcher involved in the study. Their contributions are vital for advancing Ayurvedic knowledge, empirical validation of traditional practices, and promoting the benefits of formulations like Amalakyadi Gana through modern scientific methodologies.
59) Glass:
Glass is used as a material in laboratory equipment, crucial for conducting experiments involving samples and analyses. In the context of extracting and preparing herbal medicines like Amalakyadi Gana, glass apparatus ensure that interactions with the ingredients maintain purity and avoid contamination.
60) Sugar:
Sugar is often discussed in the context of dietary intake and its effects on health. Ayurvedic formulations consider the balance of sweet tastes and their properties. In managing conditions like diabetes, the influence of sugar and herbal remedies plays a pivotal role.
61) Table:
A table in a scientific study usually contains organized data or findings, facilitating clearer insights. For instance, tables illustrating FT-IR spectra provide essential information on the presence of functional groups in extracts like Amalakyadi Gana, supporting the research findings.
62) Field:
Field refers to a specialized area of study or research. In the context of Ayurveda and herbal sciences, it encompasses the exploration of medicinal plants, pharmacognosy, and the development of herbal formulations. Advancements in this field contribute to the integration of traditional knowledge and modern science.
63) Fever:
Fever, or Jvara, is a common symptom signifying an underlying health issue. Ayurvedic formulations like Sarvajvarahara, which includes compositions like Amalakyadi Gana, aim to address fever's root causes by restoring balance, highlighting the holistic perspective inherent in Ayurvedic medicine.
64) Blood:
Blood is crucial for transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Ayurvedic principles often consider the qualities of blood in health assessments. Herbal formulations like Amalakyadi Gana may aid in blood purification, significantly impacting overall health and wellness.
65) Agni:
Agni, or digestive fire, is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda referring to the body's metabolic processes. It's paramount to maintaining health and preventing disease. Herbal formulations such as Amalakyadi Gana are used to support Agni, thus enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption.
66) Diet:
Diet encompasses the foods and beverages consumed, which play a substantial role in health. Ayurvedic practices focus on personalized dietary recommendations, emphasizing balance and the use of herbal formulations like Amalakyadi Gana to optimize health and treat specific ailments.
67) Sign:
'Sign' refers to observable indicators, often used in medical assessments to diagnose conditions. In Ayurveda, signs of imbalance guide treatment choices, including the use of formulations like Amalakyadi Gana to restore equilibrium and address specific health concerns.
68) Pain:
Pain signifies a multifaceted experience, often indicating injury or illness. Ayurvedic formulations aim to alleviate various forms of pain—be it acute or chronic. Herbs used in Amalakyadi Gana may possess analgesic properties, supporting efforts to manage pain through natural means.
69) Dish (Dis):
Dish refers to a prepared meal, and in Ayurveda, the choice of dishes is pivotal for maintaining health and balance. The principles of diet include incorporating medicinal herbs into everyday dishes, enhancing their nutritional value and therapeutic properties, as seen with formulations like Amalakyadi Gana.