Photocatalytic dye treatment of textile effluent using composite semiconductors.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Photocatalytic treatment of textile industry effluent having dyes using some composite semiconductors
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
1. Introduction
The textile industry in India faces significant challenges concerning water scarcity and the management of wastewater, particularly in regions such as Bhilwara, Rajasthan. This wastewater primarily consists of colored commercial dyes, toxic chemicals, and other contaminants that not only pollute water bodies but also pose serious environmental and health risks. Current treatment methods for such effluents are often inefficient and environmentally damaging, necessitating alternative approaches. In an effort to address these issues, this study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater using composite semiconductors titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) under UV irradiation, establishing optimal conditions for maximum degradation of dyes and pigments.
2. Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2 and ZnO
One of the core findings of the study is the effectiveness of a composite TiO2 and ZnO at a 90:10 ratio for photocatalytic degradation of dyes in textile effluent. The research demonstrated that under controlled conditions (pH of 8.5 and temperature of 36°C), this composite achieved a remarkable 88% decolorization of the wastewater in just 180 minutes under UV light. This indicates a significant advantage over using TiO2 or ZnO individually, showcasing how the combined effects of these semiconductors improve photocatalytic performance. The results emphasize the importance of composition in catalyst effectiveness and highlight that real textile wastewater interacts differently with catalysts than laboratory-prepared dye solutions.
3. Impact of Reaction Parameters
The study also explored various operational parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation process. Notably, it was found that the degradation rate is influenced by the catalyst concentration, the ratio of TiO2 to ZnO, as well as the initial pH of the wastewater. The optimal catalyst concentration was determined to be 1.0 g/L, while the degradation rates peaked at a pH of 8.5, after which further increases in pH resulted in decreased efficiency. This investigation into reaction parameters is critical, as it allows the tailoring of treatment processes to maximize pollutant breakdown while minimizing resource use.
4. Influence of Contaminants on Degradation Efficiency
In addition to optimizing operational parameters, the study highlighted the detrimental effects of other ions, particularly sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl), on the photocatalytic process. The presence of these substances reduced the degradation efficiency of the photocatalytic treatment due to possible competitive reactions and challenges in generating reactive hydroxyl radicals. This aspect of the research underscores the complexities of treating real industrial effluents, where various contaminants can dramatically influence the effectiveness of wastewater treatment technologies.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the research indicates that the photocatalytic degradation of textile industry wastewater using composite TiO2 and ZnO can be significantly effective, achieving high rates of decolorization under optimized conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding how various operational parameters and additional contaminants impact the degradation process, providing valuable insights for the development of efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment methods in the textile industry. Adopting such advanced methodologies could contribute towards a more environmentally friendly production process and alleviate some of the water contamination issues faced in regions dependent on textile manufacturing.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Sukumal Jain and Shiv Singh Dulawat
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Photocatalytic treatment of textile industry effluent having dyes using some composite semiconductors
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201710-9291
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the primary aim of the study conducted in Bhilwara?
The study aimed to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater using composite TiO2 and ZnO to understand their effectiveness in treating real textile effluents containing dyes.
What catalysts were used for the photocatalytic treatment in this research?
The catalysts used were composite titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in varying ratios to evaluate their effectiveness in degrading dyes in textile industry effluents.
What were the optimal conditions found for dye degradation?
The optimal conditions included using a catalyst concentration of 1 g/L, a TiO2 to ZnO ratio of 90:10, a pH of 8.5, and an irradiation time of 180 minutes.
How effective was the photocatalytic process in color removal?
The maximum decolorization achieved was 88% using the optimal concentration of catalysts, under UV irradiation, indicating a high effectiveness in treating textile effluents.
What factors influenced the photocatalytic degradation rates?
Factors such as the amount of catalyst, catalyst ratio, pH of the solution, and irradiation time significantly influenced the degradation rates of dyes in the textile effluent.
Did the addition of Na2CO3 and NaCl affect the degradation rate?
Yes, increasing concentrations of Na2CO3 and NaCl decreased the reaction rate, indicating their negative influence on the photocatalytic degradation process.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Photocatalytic dye treatment of textile effluent using composite semiconductors.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is a critical resource for life and industrial processes, particularly in India, where industries like textiles consume large volumes. The degradation of water quality due to pollution necessitates effective treatment methods, such as photocatalysis, to ensure that it remains safe for consumption and agricultural use.
2) Composite:
In the context of photocatalysis, composites refer to materials made from two or more substances, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). These composites enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions, making them more effective in degrading harmful pollutants found in textile effluents.
3) India:
India is home to significant textile industries, particularly in regions like Bhilwara, Rajasthan, which contribute to its economy. However, this sector also generates substantial waste, leading to environmental concerns that necessitate innovative treatment solutions for the effective management of wastewater.
4) Surface:
The surface properties of photocatalysts, such as TiO2 and ZnO, are crucial in photocatalytic reactions. The availability of active sites on their surfaces influences their interaction with pollutants, impacting the overall efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes in degrading harmful substances.
5) Table:
Tables are used in scientific research to summarize experimental data and results clearly. In the context of this study, tables present the effects of various parameters, such as catalyst amounts and ratios, on the degradation efficiency of textile industry effluent under different conditions.
6) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan, a state in India, houses a vibrant textile industry centered in Bhilwara. The textile manufacturing processes in this region contribute to significant wastewater discharge, which poses environmental challenges that call for effective treatment technologies to mitigate pollution and protect local resources.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science plays a fundamental role in understanding and addressing environmental problems. This study utilizes scientific principles and methods to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes in wastewater, showcasing the importance of research in developing practical solutions for industrial pollution.
8) Study (Studying):
The study detailed in the document investigates the photocatalytic treatment of textile effluent. It aims to optimize conditions for maximum degradation of dyes using composite semiconductors, contributing to the body of knowledge on sustainable wastewater management practices in the textile industry.
9) Udaipur (Udaypur):
Udaipur is a city in Rajasthan, India, associated with educational institutions like Pacific University. The university supports research initiatives, such as the study on photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater, fostering academic contributions to environmental protection and advanced wastewater treatment technologies.
10) Powder:
In this study, the term 'powder' refers to the form of the photocatalysts, TiO2 and ZnO, which are utilized in their particulate state to facilitate the photocatalytic degradation of dyes in wastewater. The physical form is crucial for maximizing surface area and activity.
11) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of toxic materials and sludge resulting from untreated wastewater in industrial areas. This environmental challenge underlines the need for effective treatment strategies to prevent further soil and water contamination, ensuring ecological balance and safety.
12) Quality:
Quality, particularly of water, is a critical concern highlighted in this research. The discharge of untreated textile effluents affects the quality of drinking water and agricultural supplies, emphasizing the need for effective wastewater treatment solutions that maintain water safety for communities.
13) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable refers to substances that can be broken down by natural processes. In dealing with textile wastewater, the presence of non-biodegradable dyes poses environmental threats, making the development of efficient photocatalytic methods essential for transforming these pollutants into harmless substances.
14) Transmission:
Transmission, in the context of wastewater treatment, relates to the passage of light through the liquid. The turbidity of polluted water can block light transmission, limiting the effectiveness of photocatalytic processes that rely on ultraviolet light for degradation of hazardous materials.
15) Agriculture:
Agriculture in regions near textile industries can be adversely affected by contaminated water sources. The degradation of wastewater effectively protects agricultural practices and improves crop quality, highlighting the significance of developing sustainable wastewater treatment solutions to preserve local farming.
16) Observation:
Observation in scientific research refers to the careful monitoring and recording of experimental data. In this study, observations regarding the rates of dye degradation under various conditions provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of photocatalytic treatment processes.
17) Discussion:
The discussion section of the research synthesizes findings, contextualizes them within existing knowledge, and interprets results. It critically examines factors influencing photocatalytic degradation and potential implications for wastewater treatment practices in the textile industry, thereby advancing scientific understanding.
18) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating or improving technologies. This study focuses on developing photocatalytic methods using composite semiconductors for the treatment of textile wastewater, contributing to advancements in sustainable practices that address environmental pollution in developing regions.
19) Substance:
In this context, substance pertains to the harmful chemicals and dyes present in textile wastewater. The study focuses on effective methods to degrade such substances using photocatalytic techniques, aimed at reducing their environmental impact and promoting cleaner water resources.
20) Activity:
Activity here refers to the effectiveness of the photocatalysts in facilitating the degradation of dyes. The study evaluates the catalytic activity of TiO2 and ZnO under various conditions, providing insights into optimizing parameters for enhanced treatment performance in wastewater management.
21) Chauhan:
Chauhan refers to one of the authors cited within the research. The contributions of different researchers like Chauhan are vital in the collaborative effort to advance scientific knowledge and explore innovative approaches for wastewater treatment in the textile industry.
22) Village:
The term village may refer to rural communities that are dependent on local water sources for drinking and agricultural practices. Contamination from nearby textile industries can significantly impact these villages, underscoring the importance of effective wastewater treatment technologies to safeguard public health.
23) Anjali (Amjali):
Anjali is one of the authors cited in the references of the research. The inclusion of various authors like Anjali highlights the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, emphasizing shared insights into problems like wastewater contamination and the pursuit of sustainable solutions.
24) Bhagat:
Bhagat refers to a cited author in the research. The references to researchers like Bhagat illustrate the breadth of studies informing the current investigation, enriching the discussion with established findings on environmental impacts associated with the textile industry's wastewater.
25) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma is listed among the authors referenced in this research. The collective work of scholars like Sharma contributes crucial perspectives and evidence to enhance our understanding of photocatalysis and its applications in treating industrial wastewater efficiently.
26) Medium:
The medium in this study refers to the environment in which photocatalytic degradation occurs. The chemistry of the effluent medium influences the reactions and outcomes, leading researchers to consider specific parameters for optimizing treatment effectiveness during water purification processes.
27) Cotton:
Cotton represents one of the primary materials consumed in the textile industry, leading to substantial wastewater generation during dyeing and processing. The need for effective treatment methods to mitigate pollution associated with cotton textiles underscores the relevance of this study's findings.
28) Indian:
Indian denotes the geographical and contextual framework of the research, rooted in the practices and challenges of the textile industry in India. The insights drawn from this study can inform regional policies aimed at sustainable development and waste management within the country.
29) Sagar (Sagár):
Sagar refers to another author cited within the study's references. The works of researchers like Sagar contribute to a comprehensive understanding of wastewater treatment strategies, reinforcing the collaborative efforts required to tackle industrial pollution effectively.
30) Malik:
Malik is cited as one of the authors in the references of the study. The inclusion of multiple authors like Malik reflects the broad spectrum of research in the field of environmental science, especially in wastewater management and treatment methods.
31) Nigam (Ni-gam):
Nigam refers to one of the authors whose work is referenced in the research. The collaborative work of scholars like Nigam emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in addressing industrial pollution challenges, particularly in textile wastewater treatment.
32) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam is another author mentioned in the study's bibliography. The references to researchers like Alam highlight the ongoing contribution of various scholars toward understanding and solving environmental issues related to industrial wastewater and its treatment.
33) Jute:
Jute is a natural fiber used in textiles, similar to cotton but often associated with different environmental impacts. The treatment of wastewater generated from jute processing also poses challenges that require effective decolorization techniques, linking it to the study's focus on dye degradation.
34) Silk:
Silk, a luxurious textile material, contributes to wastewater pollution during dyeing processes. As with cotton and jute, the environmental ramifications from silk processing emphasize the need for effective wastewater treatment innovations to mitigate harmful effects on ecosystems and water quality.
35) Wool:
Wool, another vital textile fiber, undergoes similar dyeing processes, leading to potentially harmful wastewater. The study emphasizes the relevance of developing efficient degradation strategies applicable to various types of textile fibers, including wool, in order to address broader environmental challenges.
36) Lamp:
In the study, lamps refer to the ultraviolet (UV) light sources used in photochemical reactions to activate photocatalysts for degrading dyes in wastewater. The efficient use of such lamps is critical for maximizing the effectiveness of photocatalytic treatment processes.
37) Pose:
Pose in this context relates to the challenges or threats posed by untreated textile wastewater to the environment. The study addresses such issues, showcasing the necessity for innovative treatment methods to mitigate the negative impacts of industrial effluents.
38) Soil:
Soil represents another environmental medium impacted by industrial pollution, particularly by discharged textile effluents. The accumulation of contaminants can lead to soil degradation and loss of agricultural productivity, reinforcing the importance of effective wastewater treatment solutions.
39) Chan:
Chan is referred to as an influential author in environmental studies, contributing to the collective understanding of challenges like wastewater treatment. Citing authors like Chan emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in developing effective pollution management strategies.
40) Life:
Life encompasses the various ecosystems, including aquatic and terrestrial environments, that are threatened by pollution from textile effluents. Protecting life through effective wastewater treatment technologies reinforces the significance of sustainable industrial practices in preserving ecological balance.