Analysis of physico-chemical factors and fungi in Mahamaham tank.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Analysis of physico- chemical factor and fungal population in mahamaham tank at kumbakonam
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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S. Hema, S. Binu Kumari, M. Mohan Kumar, M.K. Drishya, T. Sujila and Sruthi Gopinathan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Analysis of physico- chemical factor and fungal population in mahamaham tank at kumbakonam
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201717-10413
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The water quality of aquatic ecosystems has deteriorated due to industrial and domestic waste, posing significant threats to biodiversity and the survival of aquatic life. In particular, the presence of toxic chemicals in water bodies has detrimental effects on fish and their food organisms. To assess the quality of water in the Mahamaham tank in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, this study analyzed the physico-chemical parameters and fungal populations present in the water. The research highlights the importance of monitoring these factors to evaluate the water body's health over time.
Significance of Physico-Chemical Assessment
The study emphasizes the importance of physico-chemical factors in determining water quality. Factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and levels of various ions impact the viability of aquatic organisms. For instance, the Mahamaham tank recorded an air temperature of 32°C, a water temperature of 28°C, and a pH level of 8.0. These parameters are crucial for the growth of aquatic life; deviations can have harmful effects. The monitoring of such factors aids in understanding the ecological balance and health of freshwater environments.
Fungal Isolation and Identification
The study involved microbiological analysis to isolate and identify fungal populations in the Mahamaham tank water. Fungal genera, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus spp., were identified. Notably, Aspergillus spp. dominated the fungal populations. The presence of these fungi poses health risks, as certain species can cause infections in humans. The understanding of fungal diversity in aquatic systems is critical for assessing potential risks to public health, especially during cultural events that lead to mass bathing in these waters.
Pathogenic Risks from Fungal Contamination
The study highlights the risks associated with pathogenic fungi in the water, particularly during the Mahamaham festival, when large crowds gather. The presence of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus raises concerns about waterborne diseases that could affect populations using the tank water for ritualistic purposes. Awareness of these health risks is vital to prevent potential disease outbreaks stemming from contaminated water, particularly when individuals consume or come into contact with it during religious festivities.
Conclusion
The research findings underscore the pressing need for continual assessment of water quality and fungal populations in the Mahamaham tank. The isolation of several pathogenic fungi points to significant contamination hazards, especially during public gatherings. It is crucial to educate the public about the health risks associated with using contaminated water and to establish preventive measures to ensure safe water practices. Increased awareness and monitoring can help protect both the ecosystem and public health in regions surrounding vulnerable water bodies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of this study on Mahamaham Tank?
The study analyzes the physico-chemical factors and fungal population in Mahamaham Tank, highlighting contamination risks to human health due to the presence of pathogenic fungi.
Which fungal species were isolated from the Mahamaham Tank water?
The fungal species identified include Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp., and Rhizopus sp., indicating a significant risk of fungal contamination.
How were the water samples collected for analysis?
Water samples were collected using plastic canes during the Mahamaham festival, ensuring immediate transport to the laboratory for microbiological analysis and fungal culture.
What methods were used to culture and identify the fungi?
Fungi were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) using a serial dilution method. They were then stained and identified using standard manuals for fungal classification.
What are the environmental conditions measured in the study?
The study measured various parameters, including air and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of nutrients like calcium and phosphates, to assess water quality.
What public health implications arise from this study's findings?
The presence of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus species indicates potential health risks for people, especially during mass bathing, as contaminated water can lead to infections.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Analysis of physico-chemical factors and fungi in Mahamaham tank.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is a crucial component of ecosystems and is essential for all forms of life. In the study, the quality of water in Mahamaham Tank was analyzed to assess its physico-chemical properties, which directly relate to the health of aquatic organisms and their environments. Understanding water quality helps determine the ecological balance and the impact of pollution.
2) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to analyze the physico-chemical factors and fungal populations in Mahamaham Tank. The structured research aims to contribute to the understanding of microbial health and biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. It enables researchers to identify potential risks to human health induced by contaminated water.
3) Mahamaham:
Mahamaham is a significant water tank located in Kumbakonam, known for its cultural importance and as a pilgrimage site. The annual Mahamaham festival attracts thousands, leading to potential contamination due to mass bathing. This study assesses the impact of such activities on water quality and associated health risks.
4) Tank:
In the context of the study, a tank refers to an artificial water reservoir, crucial for local ecosystems. Mahamaham Tank serves as a habitat for various aquatic species and offers water for agricultural and domestic needs. Understanding the ecological dynamics within the tank is essential for conservation efforts.
5) Binu:
Binu is one of the authors of the research paper, contributing to the study's methodologies and findings. The inclusion of specific individuals highlights collaboration in scientific research, where diverse expertise comes together to address environmental concerns, focusing on the interaction between microorganisms and their environment.
6) Kumbakonam (Kumbhakonam):
Kumbakonam is a town in Tamil Nadu, India, where the Mahamaham Tank is located. It holds historical and cultural significance, attracting pilgrims and tourists. The study focuses on this location to understand how human activities impact local water quality and associated health risks.
7) Species:
Species refers to distinct groups of organisms that share similar characteristics. In the study, fungal species were isolated from the Mahamaham Tank, highlighting biodiversity and its implications for ecosystem health. The identification of species helps assess the ecological integrity of water bodies and the potential risks they pose to human health.
8) Quality:
Quality refers to the characteristics of the water in terms of its chemical, physical, and biological components. Monitoring the water quality of the Mahamaham Tank is crucial for understanding its health and the impact of pollution. It influences the survival of aquatic life and poses risks to human exposure.
9) Disease:
Disease in this context refers to the health risks associated with pathogens found in contaminated water. The study explores how the presence of certain fungi can lead to infections in humans. Identifying these risks is crucial for public health, especially in areas prone to waterborne illnesses.
10) Medium:
Medium refers to the culture medium used in the laboratory to isolate fungi from water samples, specifically Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Such media are essential for studying microbial populations, allowing researchers to cultivate and analyze specific organisms that indicate environmental conditions and potential health hazards.
11) Food:
Food refers to the organic matter that sustains microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. The study discusses the role of fungi in breaking down organic material, highlighting their ecological significance in nutrient cycling. Understanding their food sources helps elucidate their role in the health of aquatic environments.
12) Zoology:
Zoology is the branch of biology focused on the study of animals. The research is conducted by the Department of Zoology, indicating a focus on animal health in relation to their aquatic habitats. This interdisciplinary approach helps in understanding the interactions within ecosystems, including pathogen-host dynamics.
13) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. This research employs scientific methods to gather data about the physico-chemical properties and microbial populations in the Mahamaham Tank, contributing valuable knowledge towards environmental conservation and public health.
14) Animal:
Animal refers to living organisms in the Kingdom Animalia that are dependent on aquatic ecosystems. The study indirectly addresses animal health by monitoring water quality, as animals rely on these water bodies for survival. Understanding their health status is crucial for biodiversity conservation.
15) India:
India is the country where the study was conducted, specifically in Tamil Nadu. The research highlights ecological challenges faced by local water bodies amid increasing pollution. Findings can inform national strategies for water management, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices.
16) Table:
Table refers to a structured way of presenting data within the research paper, specifically showing the results of physico-chemical parameters and fungal species identified in the study. Tables facilitate concise communication of important information, aiding readers in understanding the results quickly.
17) Fish:
Fish are aquatic animals that rely on water quality for their survival. The study's findings on the contamination of Mahamaham Tank have direct implications for fish health, reproductive success, and population dynamics. Poor water quality can lead to declining fish populations and disrupt local ecosystems.
18) Wall:
Wall relates to the structural components of fungi, specifically referring to the fungal cell wall. Understanding the composition of the wall is important in identifying fungal species and their potential effects on human health. It plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of certain fungi.
19) Life:
Life in this context refers to the myriad of organisms that inhabit the aquatic ecosystem of the Mahamaham Tank. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical, chemical, and biological factors that govern the living conditions in this environment, impacting overall biodiversity and health.
20) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is the district in Tamil Nadu where Kumbakonam and the Mahamaham Tank are located. The geological and cultural significance of this area enhances the relevance of the study in context to local practices, pollution challenges, and conservation efforts for aquatic systems.
21) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is significant in the study as it provides a geographical reference for the research conducted at Mahamaham Tank. Understanding both the cultural context and ecological challenges of Tamil Nadu is crucial for developing appropriate solutions for water quality and public health.
22) Habitat:
Habitat refers to the natural environment where organisms live, thrive, and reproduce. The Mahamaham Tank provides a vital habitat for various aquatic species, making it essential to study the impacts of pollution on these habitats to ensure the preservation of local biodiversity.
23) Kumari:
Kumari is the corresponding author of the research, indicating her primary role in the study. Her contributions to the project highlight the importance of collaborative research in tackling environmental issues, combining expertise from various disciplines to enhance understanding and analysis of aquatic ecosystems.
24) Fever:
Fever in this context refers to a symptom that may arise from infections caused by waterborne pathogens. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring pathogen levels, as contaminated water sources can lead to diseases, including fever, highlighting the need for public safety measures.
25) Soil:
Soil relates to the terrestrial component of the environment, from which nutrients and microorganisms can enter water bodies. The interaction between soil and water is vital for understanding the transport of pollutants and microbes, influencing the ecological balance and the quality of aquatic systems.
26) Human life:
Human life is intricately linked to water resources for drinking, sanitation, and recreational activities. The study's findings underscore the health risks posed by contamination in local water bodies, directly impacting human communities and necessitating public health interventions and awareness.
27) Human body:
The human body can be affected by pathogens found in contaminated water. The presence of certain fungal species in the Mahamaham Tank indicates potential health risks to individuals who may consume or come into contact with this water, highlighting the need for safe water management practices.
28) Civilization:
Civilization reflects the developmental progress of societies that have historically depended on water bodies for survival and advancement. The study connects historical reliance on these resources with present-day challenges of pollution and health risks, emphasizing the need for sustainable management of water systems.
29) Discussion:
Discussion in the study refers to the analysis and interpretation of the results obtained from the research. This section is vital for evaluating the implications of the findings, drawing connections to public health and ecological impacts, and identifying future research directions.
30) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic is referenced in the context of the growth medium used for fungal culture. The use of antibiotics in laboratory settings helps prevent bacterial contamination during the study of fungi, allowing for clearer observations of fungal growth, essential for accurate identification of species present.
31) Container:
Container refers to the equipment used to collect and transport water samples from the Mahamaham Tank to the laboratory. Proper sterilization and handling of containers are crucial in microbiological studies to avoid contamination and ensure accurate analytical results regarding water quality.
32) Swallowed:
Swallowed describes the act of ingesting contaminated water, which poses health risks. The study highlights that consumption of water containing pathogens can lead to illnesses, underlining the importance of water quality monitoring and public awareness regarding safe drinking practices.
33) Cancer:
Cancer is referenced in the context of certain fungal species, such as *Aspergillus flavus*, which produce toxins linked to cancer risk. The study aims to identify these fungi in the water body, emphasizing the need for public health surveillance in contaminated areas to prevent long-term health consequences.
34) Cotton:
Cotton in the context of this study might refer to the cotton blue stain used for staining fungi. This staining technique is important for visualizing fungal structures under a microscope, aiding in their identification and providing insights into their morphology and potential pathogenicity.
35) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn relates to injuries that may lead to increased susceptibility to fungal infections, as noted in the study. This connection emphasizes the importance of understanding how aquatic pathogens can opportunistically infect individuals with compromised skin integrity, highlighting public health concerns.
36) Kumar:
Kumar is noted as one of the co-authors of the research. His involvement signifies the collaboration behind the study, showcasing the diversity of expertise necessary to tackle complex environmental and health issues within aquatic ecosystems.
37) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a form of infection that can occur due to pathogens found in contaminated water. The study identifies fungal species that can lead to severe infections, including ulcers. Understanding these risks is critical for public health, particularly in water-associated environments.
38) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language and culture of the region where the research is conducted. Recognizing the local context, including language and cultural practices, enhances the study's relevance, emphasizing the need for community engagement in water quality management and public health awareness initiatives.
39) Hema (Heman):
Hema is one of the authors of the research paper, indicating her contribution to the study. The collaborative effort showcases the shared responsibility of scientists in addressing local environmental challenges and improving understanding of aquatic health and biodiversity.
40) Nadu:
Nadu is a word that highlights the regional identity as part of Tamil Nadu. It signifies the cultural and geographical context relevant to the study, connecting the research to the local community and emphasizing the importance of regional knowledge in addressing environmental issues.
41) Pose:
Pose refers to the potential threats or risks highlighted in the study regarding human health and aquatic life due to contamination in Mahamaham Tank. Understanding these poses is essential for developing strategies to mitigate risks associated with pollution and ensure the safety of water resources.
42) Pur:
Poor in this context refers to the degrading quality of water in Mahamaham Tank due to pollution and human activities. The study highlights the implications of poor water quality on health and biodiversity, underscoring the need for interventions to improve environmental conditions.