Validation of Hingulottha Parad SMP by Nada Yantra and quality metrics.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Validation of smp of hingulottha parad by nada yantra and their quality parameter
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Vivek Kumar, Patgiri BJ and Prajapati PK
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Validation of smp of hingulottha parad by nada yantra and their quality parameter
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Vivek Kumar et al. focuses on the validation of the manufacturing process for Hingulottha Parada (extracted mercury) using the Nada Yantra method, a technique rooted in ancient Ayurvedic practices. Mercury, or Parada, is an essential component in Ayurvedic drug formulations known as Rasaushadhi, which includes metallic and mineral preparations. The research highlights the importance of this mineral in traditional medicine, addressing its extraction methods, therapeutic utility, and the significance of quality control regarding its purity and yield.
Validation of Extraction Method
One of the central themes of the study is the validation of the Nada Yantra method for extracting mercury from Hingula (cinnabar). The researchers prepared six batches of Hingulottha Parada and documented the procedures meticulously, adhering to classical Ayurvedic guidelines. Utilizing Urdhva Patana, which denotes upward sublimation, they observed an average yield of 73.9% from the processed material. The purity of the resulting mercury was notably high at 98.6%, suggesting that this method is both efficient and economically viable compared to other extraction techniques, which may be less suitable due to contemporary issues such as air pollution and costs.
Importance of Quality Control
The study underscores the significance of establishing quality control parameters for Hingulottha Parada. As the regulatory landscape for herbal and mineral formulations evolves, there is a growing need for reliable standards in Ayurvedic practices. The validation process involved various organoleptic and physicochemical analyses, which included assessments of texture, color, taste, pH, and purity. By documenting these quality parameters, the researchers pave the way for enhanced safety and efficacy in Ayurvedic treatments, reinforcing the medicinal credibility of mercury preparations when processed correctly.
Safety and Toxicity Concerns
The study also emphasizes the safety implications associated with the use of mercury in Ayurvedic medicine. While mercury is known for its therapeutic benefits, improper usage and processing can lead to significant toxicity, evident through potential adverse effects such as gastrointestinal irritation and circulatory collapse. The research advocates for meticulous adherence to classic procedural standards, including Shodhana (purification) and Samskara (processing), to mitigate toxicity risks and ensure the medicinal quality of Parada. This highlights the delicate balance needed between ancient practices and modern safety standards in herbal medicine.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the validation study of Hingulottha Parada showcases the effectiveness of the Nada Yantra method in achieving high yield and quality purity, which is crucial for Ayurvedic medication standards. The insights on safety, quality control, and effective extraction methods contribute significantly to the body of knowledge surrounding Ayurvedic pharmacology. As the interest in herbal remedies continues to grow, this research provides foundational data that could facilitate the responsible inclusion of Hingulottha Parada in contemporary Ayurveda, marrying traditional practices with modern quality assurance techniques.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Hingulottha Parada and its significance in Ayurveda?
Hingulottha Parada is a mercury-based Ayurvedic formulation derived from cinnabar. It is used in various Ayurvedic treatments due to its therapeutic properties and quicker action compared to herbal medicines.
How was Hingulottha Parada extracted in the study?
The extraction utilized the Nada Yantra method, employing upward sublimation techniques, followed by careful purification processes in accordance with classical Ayurvedic guidelines.
What was the yield and purity of Hingulottha Parada obtained?
The study achieved an average yield of 73.9% Hingulottha Parada, with a high purity level of 98.6% mercury, indicating effective extraction processes.
What are the key materials used in the extraction process?
The key materials included Ashuddha Hingula (cinnabar), Nimbu Swarasa (lemon juice), and various equipment like earthen pots and cotton cloth for the extraction.
What safety precautions were taken during the extraction of mercury?
Safety precautions included conducting the extraction outdoors, using protective masks and gloves to avoid exposure to toxic mercurial vapors generated during the process.
What are the advantages of using Nada Yantra for extraction?
Nada Yantra is recognized for its convenience and economic efficiency, allowing for maximum yield of Parada while adhering to traditional Ayurvedic practices.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Validation of Hingulottha Parad SMP by Nada Yantra and quality metrics.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Parada:
Parada, or mercury, is a key component in Ayurvedic formulations, especially in Rasaushadhi, where it enhances therapeutic properties. Its importance stems from its unique qualities, which allow for effective treatment of various ailments, provided it undergoes proper purification (Shodhana) to minimize toxicity.
2) Hingula (Himgula):
Hingula refers to cinnabar, the primary source of mercury. In Ayurveda, it is crucial for extracting Parada and is processed through various methods like Urdhva Patana. Its distinctive properties contribute to its application in medicinal formulations, enhancing both potency and efficacy.
3) Patana:
Patana is a fundamental method in Ayurvedic practice, specifically referring to sublimation techniques for extracting substances like Parada. The process, which includes Urdhva, Adhah, and Tiryanka Patana, is critical for obtaining pure mercury from Hingula, ensuring its therapeutic potential is retained.
4) Cotton:
Cotton is utilized in the extraction process of Parada as a part of the bolus structure during sublimation. Its role is critical in successfully capturing mercury vapors while allowing controlled burning, which is essential for maximizing yield during the extraction process.
5) Kumar:
In the context of the study, Kumar refers to Vivek Kumar, the lead author and researcher. His contributions to validating the manufacturing process of Hingulottha Parada exemplify efforts to establish quality control parameters in Ayurvedic medicine, highlighting the importance of academic research in traditional practices.
6) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a significant city in India, often associated with ancient knowledge and traditional practices. It serves as a cultural and educational hub for Ayurvedic studies and has historical significance in the context of various classical texts and teachings surrounding Rasaushadhi.
7) Yantra (Yamtra):
Yantra refers to the instruments used in Ayurvedic practices, particularly in the extraction of Parada from Hingula. Various yantras like Nada Yantra facilitate the sublimation process, emphasizing the importance of traditional tools in achieving high-quality medicinal substances in Ayurveda.
8) Delhi:
Delhi, as the capital city of India, serves as a central hub for academic and professional developments in Ayurveda, including significant research that influences policy and practice. It represents the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches in Indian healthcare.
9) New Delhi:
New Delhi is recognized as the administrative and political center of India and plays a crucial role in promoting Ayurveda on a national level. The city serves as a meeting point for researchers and professionals who aim to modernize and validate traditional practices.
10) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya in Ayurveda refers to medicinal substances or formulations used for therapeutic purposes. It encompasses a vast range of herbal and mineral preparations, including Rasaushadhi, which utilizes metals like Parada for treating ailments according to ancient texts.
11) Mineral:
Minerals play a vital role in Ayurvedic formulations, providing essential therapeutic properties. Parada, extracted from Hingula, is one of the key minerals used, showcasing the importance of mineral-based remedies in enhancing health and facilitating disease management.
12) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a holistic healing system that incorporates a blend of diet, herbal treatments, and various therapeutic practices. Its rich historical context contributes to the ongoing study and implementation of traditional medicine worldwide.
13) Water:
Water in the context of Ayurveda serves as a universal solvent and is often used in various medicinal preparations. It plays a critical role in processes like Shodhana and Bhavana, enhancing the extraction and purification of substances like Parada.
14) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the essence or medicinal value of substances in Ayurveda, particularly in Rasaushadhi formulations. It emphasizes the importance of processing metals and minerals properly to ensure their therapeutic efficacy and safety for human consumption.
15) Drug:
In Ayurveda, a drug encompasses any substance used for therapeutic purposes. This includes both herbal and mineral formulations like Hingulottha Parada, emphasizing the diverse range of treatments available for various ailments within traditional medicine.
16) Table:
Tables in research context are used to organize and present data systematically. In the study, tables summarize the yield, chemical parameters, and organoleptic properties of Hingulottha Parada, enhancing clarity and aiding in the analysis of results.
17) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is the branch of Ayurveda that focuses on the study of minerals and metals. It delves into their properties, processing methods, and applications in medicinal formulations, reinforcing the significance of mineral preparations in Ayurvedic therapeutics.
18) Bhavana (Bha-vana):
Bhavana refers to the process of levigation or grinding substances with a liquid, enhancing their properties and effectiveness. In the context of Hingulottha Parada, Bhavana with lemon juice increases the quality and yield of the final product.
19) Sharava (Sarava):
Sharava is a traditional earthen pot used in the extraction processes in Ayurveda, particularly for sublimation. It plays a significant role in holding substances during heating, contributing to the controlled extraction of Parada from its source.
20) Urdhva:
Urdhva refers to the upward sublimation method used in the extraction of Parada from Hingula. It is essential for ensuring that the mercury vapors are efficiently collected, illustrating the importance of correct methodology in traditional medicinal practices.
21) Bhatta:
Bhatta is a term commonly used to denote authors of traditional Ayurvedic texts. In the context of the study, it signifies the connection to historical knowledge that informs modern practices in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly regarding Rasaushadhi.
22) Powder:
Powder denotes the form in which certain raw materials, like Hingula, are processed for extraction. The fineness of the powder is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of various Ayurvedic treatment methods, especially in extracting medicinal properties.
23) Lemon:
Lemon, specifically its juice (Nimbu Swarasa), is used in Ayurvedic processes like Bhavana to facilitate the purification of minerals like Hingula. Its acidic nature enhances the extraction process and plays a vital role in producing high-quality Parada.
24) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is a respectful title often used in Indian literature and culture. Its use in the context of Ayurvedic texts and research pays homage to prominent figures in the field, acknowledging their contributions to the development of traditional medicine.
25) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to the purification process of metals and minerals in Ayurveda. It is critical for reducing toxicity and enhancing the therapeutic potential of substances like Parada, ensuring they are safe for medicinal use.
26) Kalpana:
Kalpana relates to the formulation or preparation of medicines in Ayurveda. It embodies the concepts of creativity and methodical processes crucial for crafting effective medicinal products, including those derived from metals and minerals.
27) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state in India known for its rich heritage in Ayurveda. The region hosts institutions that conduct significant research in traditional medicine, including the validation of manufacturing processes for Ayurvedic preparations like Hingulottha Parada.
28) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra is a common surname in India, often associated with scholars and practitioners in Ayurveda. In the study, it references influential figures contributing to the field, particularly in the context of traditional healing practices and the standardization of formulations.
29) Purity:
Purity is a critical parameter in Ayurvedic medicine, indicating the degree of contamination or adulteration in a substance. In the context of Hingulottha Parada, high purity levels (98.6%) signify the preparation's quality and efficacy for therapeutic applications.
30) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing a holistic approach to health and wellness. It incorporates herbal, dietary, and mineral therapies, showcasing the importance of utilizing natural resources for healing and maintaining balance in the body.
31) Rasendra (Rasa-indra):
Rasendra typically refers to practitioners or experts in the field of Rasashastra. The term signifies a level of expertise and knowledge essential for the safe and effective application of mineral-based therapies within Ayurvedic practices.
32) Teaching:
Teaching in the context of Ayurveda involves the dissemination of knowledge regarding ancient healing practices. This encompasses methods, principles, and formulations used in medicine, contributing to the preservation and evolution of traditional practices.
33) Siddha:
Siddha refers to a traditional system of medicine practiced mainly in South India, emphasizing yogic methods, alchemy (Rasashastra), and herbal treatments. It complements Ayurvedic practices and shares the common goal of holistic health and wellbeing.
34) Caraka:
Caraka is an eminent sage and author of the foundational Ayurvedic text 'Caraka Samhita.' His work laid the groundwork for various Ayurvedic practices, emphasizing the integration of herbal and mineral therapies in achieving holistic health.
35) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to the incinerated ash of metals, used in Ayurveda for its therapeutic benefits. This form of processed mineral is integral to Rasaushadhi and represents the advanced techniques involved in preparing medicinal substances for practical use.
36) Family:
Family can refer to various aspects in Ayurveda, including familial ties that may influence health practices or the classification of plants and minerals into categories that denote their properties and uses in medicinal formulations.
37) Nayak:
Nayak, in the context of Ayurvedic research, may refer to researchers or practitioners making significant contributions to the field. Their works help bridge traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific validation of Ayurvedic practices.
38) Post:
Post often denotes positions within academic and research institutions, including those engaged in Ayurvedic studies. Individuals in these positions contribute to the advancement and establishment of Ayurvedic practices in modern healthcare scenarios.
39) Urdhvapatana (Urdhva-patana):
Urdhva-patana refers specifically to the method of upward sublimation used for extracting Parada from Hingula. This technique is vital in Ayurvedic alchemy, demonstrating the complex methods developed to harness and utilize mineral properties effectively.
40) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
Tamra-bhasma pertains to the incinerated copper used in Ayurvedic treatments. Like other Bhasmas, it is processed to eliminate toxicity and enhance therapeutic values, illustrating the meticulous methods applied to various metals in Rasaushadhi formulations.
41) Samskara:
Samskara denotes the various processes undertaken to purify and prepare substances for use in Ayurvedic medicine. Each Samskara enhances the efficacy and safety of the medicinal formulations derived from metals and herbs.
42) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical texts in Ayurveda that compile knowledge on medicinal herbs, treatments, and philosophy. These texts document ancient wisdom and guide practitioners in the effective application of Ayurvedic principles.
43) Shuddha (Suddha):
Shuddha refers to the purified form of substances in Ayurveda, signifying that rigorous methods have been employed to ensure safety and efficacy. For instance, Shuddha Hingula is critical for achieving high-quality Parada in therapies.
44) Quality:
Quality in Ayurveda encompasses the effectiveness, safety, and purity of medicinal formulations. High-quality products like Hingulottha Parada are essential for ensuring the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing potential side effects in treatments.
45) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is often a surname associated with scholars and practitioners in various fields, including Ayurveda. It implies a level of expertise and knowledge that contributes to academic and practical pursuits within traditional medicine.
46) Tamra:
Tamra denotes copper, an important metal in Ayurvedic formulations. It is known for its therapeutic properties and is processed into forms like Tamra Bhasma to ensure safety and enhance its medicinal benefits in healing practices.
47) Adhas (Adhah):
Adhah refers to the downward sublimation method used within the extraction processes in Ayurvedic alchemy. It, alongside Urdhva Patana, plays a significant role in obtaining Parada, showcasing the intricacy of traditional extraction techniques.
48) Study (Studying):
Study encompasses the research and examination of Ayurvedic practices, methodologies, and formulations. This involves validating processes like the extraction of Parada, crucial for fostering understanding and application of traditional medicinal systems.
49) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn indicates the application of heat in processes such as sublimation in extracting Parada from Hingula. This technique demonstrates the transformative power of heat in activating and purifying medicinal substances.
50) Pharmacotherapeutics:
Pharmacotherapeutics in Ayurveda refers to the study of the effects and mechanisms of medicinal substances. This area of research enhances the understanding of traditional treatments and aids in the integration of Ayurvedic practices into modern medicine.
51) Caraka-samhita:
Caraka-samhita is one of the primary texts of Ayurveda, authored by the sage Caraka. It encompasses comprehensive information regarding Ayurvedic practices, including diagnosis, treatment methods, and the properties of medical substances.
52) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology encompasses the study of drugs and their interactions within biological systems. In Ayurveda, this includes exploring the effects of herbal and mineral formulations, aiding in understanding their therapeutic roles and potential side effects.
53) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
Sutrasthana refers to one of the sections in Caraka Samhita that compiles aphorisms related to Ayurvedic practices. It serves as a foundational aspect of traditional medicine, guiding practitioners in clinical and therapeutic approaches.
54) Calcutta:
Calcutta, now Kolkata, is a major city in India known for its educational institutions. The city has historically played a critical role in the development and promotion of Ayurvedic studies and practices.
55) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha refers to the collection or compilation of Ayurvedic knowledge, often articulated in texts that serve as resources for practitioners. These compilations assist in preserving traditional wisdom and ensuring practical applicability in modern contexts.
56) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is the ancient language in which many foundational Ayurvedic texts are written. Its significance lies in preserving the terminology and essential concepts of Ayurvedic medicine, which are vital for academic study and practice.
57) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra typically refers to minor ailments or diseases in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding and treating Kshudra conditions reflects the comprehensive approach of Ayurveda in addressing both major and minor health issues.
58) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna may be referenced as a figure in Indian culture and mythology; his teachings and philosophies sometimes parallel the holistic principles observed in Ayurvedic practices, further emphasizing the integrative approach to health.
59) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha refers to a category of skin diseases discussed in Ayurvedic texts. Treating Kustha reflects the broader applications of Ayurvedic medicine beyond merely herbal remedies to include various mineral-based treatments.
60) Drava:
Drava represents liquid substances in Ayurveda, which are integral to many therapeutic formulations. They assist in the administration, absorption, and efficacy of herbal and mineral therapies, crucial for patient interactions.
61) House:
House may denote not only physical structures but also represents the space where good health practices like Ayurveda are taught, practiced, and promoted. It embodies the community and cultural aspects of ancient medical traditions.
62) Katu:
Katu refers to a taste profile in Ayurveda that is often associated with pungency. The Katu rasa contributes to particular therapeutic qualities in formulations, emphasizing the importance of taste in the effectiveness of treatments.
63) Bali:
Bali in Ayurveda indicates a form of potent substance or preparation achieved through specific processes. It serves to elevate the therapeutic qualities of substances derived from metals, underscoring the careful manipulation of elements in traditional practices.
64) Amla:
Amla refers to the sour flavor and substances rich in vitamin C, such as the Indian gooseberry. Its usage in Ayurveda is significant due to its antioxidant properties, often employed in various formulations and rejuvenating therapies.
65) Sara (Shara):
Sara pertains to the essence or essential quality of substances within Ayurvedic practice. It emphasizes the importance of distilling medicinal properties for effective treatments, guiding practitioners in therapeutic formulations.
66) Precious stone:
Precious stones in Ayurveda may refer to gems that possess medicinal properties. They are used in various formulations, highlighting the broader classification of minerals and their importance in Ayurvedic treatments.
67) Sadharanarasa (Sadharana-rasa):
Sadharana-rasa refers to a general classification in Ayurvedic texts that outlines the properties and characteristics of substances used in formulations. Understanding this classification is crucial for practitioners in effectively utilizing materials in treatments.
68) Damaruyantra (Damaru-yantra):
Damaruyantra is one of the traditional instruments used in Rasaushadhi practices for extracting minerals and metals. Its engineering reflects the sophisticated knowledge and techniques developed in ancient Ayurvedic practices to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
69) Patanayantra (Patana-yantra):
Patanayantra is another key instrument used in sublimation processes within Ayurveda. Its design is tailored for effective extraction, showcasing the ingenuity of ancient medical systems in their technological approaches to healthcare.
70) Citrus limon:
Citrus limon, or lemon, is commonly used in Ayurvedic practices for its acidic properties that enhance purification processes. Its juice plays a significant role in Bhavana, facilitating the effective extraction of minerals like Parada.
71) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a pathological condition that Ayurveda addresses through various therapeutic approaches. Understanding its causes and symptoms is essential for applying appropriate treatments, whether herbal or mineral-based, to restore balance in the body.
72) Rasaushadhi (Rasa-aushadhi, Rasausadhi):
Rasaushadhi refers to the category of Ayurvedic medicine that utilizes metals and minerals. It underscores the integration of mineral-based formulations in Traditional Indian Medicine, aiming to optimize therapeutic outcomes and treat diverse ailments.
73) Yashodhara (Yasodhara, Yashas-dhara):
Yashodhara is typically associated with enlightened beings or figures in traditional literature. In Ayurveda, naming influential figures may reflect their contributions to the development and propagation of Ayurvedic principles and knowledge.
74) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical evaluation of research findings. In the study, discussions clarify the implications of results, including the effectiveness of extraction methods for Hingulottha Parada, reinforcing the study’s relevance in Ayurvedic practice.
75) Irritation:
Irritation refers to adverse reactions associated with toxins. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of proper processing of substances like Parada to mitigate irritation and other side effects, ensuring safe therapeutic applications.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 107]