Pharmacognostic profile of Sesbania bispinosa leaves for quality.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacognostic profile of leaves of sesbania bispinosa (jacq.) w. f. wight for the establishment of quality parameters
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Neelam Parab and Sharda Vaidya
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Pharmacognostic profile of leaves of sesbania bispinosa (jacq.) w. f. wight for the establishment of quality parameters
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20166-6429
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The pharmacognostic evaluation of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight leaves was conducted to establish parameters for its standardization and authentication as a medicinal plant. This research addresses the growing concern regarding the adulteration and substitution of natural drugs, which are increasingly sought after for their therapeutic properties. By utilizing morphological, organoleptic, microscopic, and physicochemical studies, the investigation aims to generate reliable diagnostic features for identifying the plant and ensuring the use of genuine material in herbal formulations.
Morphological and Organoleptic Characteristics
The morphological assessment of Sesbania bispinosa leaves highlighted their long, bipinnately compound structure, smooth texture, and alternate arrangement, measuring between 9.5 and 35 cm in length and containing 20-80 leaflets. Leaflets are characterized by their oblong to linear shape, dark green upper surface, and pale green lower surface. The study also included organoleptic evaluations, which analyzed the leaf powder's color, odour, taste, and texture, concluding that the powder is green in color with a characteristic bitter taste. Such morphological and organoleptic attributes provide critical baseline data for verifying the authenticity of this plant in various applications.
Microscopic Analysis
The microscopic examination involved both fresh leaves and powdered samples to establish quality parameters. The cross-sectional study of the leaf revealed distinct epidermal layers, palisade cells with cystoliths, and vascular bundles comprised of annular and spiral vessels. Quantitative microscopy measurements, such as the stoma count and palisade ratio, were conducted to generate specific parameters for research comparisons. The presence of key features like anomocytic stomata and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals were identified as diagnostic markers, crucial for distinguishing Sesbania bispinosa from possible adulterants.
Physicochemical Properties
The physicochemical analysis provided additional quality assurance by measuring parameters such as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values. The study found that moisture content was at 3.46%, within acceptable limits to prevent microbial degradation. The total ash value (10.38%) and low levels of acid-insoluble ash were indicative of quality, while moderate extractive values indicated a balance of medicinal constituents. Such pharmacognostic studies are essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of natural products derived from this plant.
Conclusion
This comprehensive pharmacognostic study of Sesbania bispinosa elucidates vital morphological, microscopic, and physicochemical characteristics necessary for its standardization and authenticity in herbal medicine. Establishing these parameters plays a significant role in addressing the issues of adulteration, ensuring the quality and purity of this medicinal resource. The findings serve not only as a reference for quality control but also contribute to the preparation of a monograph on the plant, aiding in the global recognition and utilization of Sesbania bispinosa in traditional and modern herbal practices.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of pharmacognostic evaluation in plants?
The pharmacognostic evaluation aims to establish standardization and authentication of medicinal plants to prevent adulteration and ensure safety, efficacy, and quality of herbal products.
What are some key features of Sesbania bispinosa leaves?
Key features include anomocytic stomata, cystoliths in the palisade layer, annular and spiral vessels, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, and starch grains, useful for identifying and standardizing the plant.
What morphological characteristics were observed in Sesbania bispinosa?
Sesbania bispinosa leaves are long, bipinnately compound, with an alternate arrangement, stipules, petioles, and dark green upper surfaces and pale green lower surfaces.
How were the leaves of Sesbania bispinosa prepared for analysis?
Leaves were collected, washed, shade dried for ten days, and ground to a 60 mesh powder, which was stored in airtight containers for further analysis.
What parameters were assessed in the physicochemical analysis?
Parameters included moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractive values, and foreign organic matter, which help in determining the quality and identification of the plant material.
What is the significance of the study's findings?
The findings establish important pharmacognostic standards for Sesbania bispinosa, aiding in its identification, authentication, and ensuring quality for use in herbal formulations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostic profile of Sesbania bispinosa leaves for quality.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
In the context of pharmacognosy, a drug refers to a substance used for therapeutic purposes, derived from natural sources, primarily plants. The study emphasizes the need for standardization and authentication of drugs like Sesbania bispinosa to prevent adulteration and ensure safety in herbal medicine.
2) Powder:
Powder indicates the processed form of plant material, such as the leaves of Sesbania bispinosa. Once dried and ground into powder, it's crucial for determining the herb's pharmacognostic properties. The characteristics of the powder can reveal information about its quality and potential contaminants.
3) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer layer of plant materials, which can provide essential information in pharmacognostic studies. Observations of epidermal layers, including stomata on the leaf surface, are crucial for identifying plant species and assessing their quality for herbal medicine use.
4) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standardization parameters necessary to ensure that plant materials meet safety and efficacy criteria. The study highlights the importance of assessing physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics to ascertain the quality of Sesbania bispinosa as a medicinal plant.
5) Study (Studying):
Study signifies the systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the pharmacognostic properties of Sesbania bispinosa. It encompasses various aspects, including morphological, microscopic, and chemical analyses, aimed at generating standardized data for the reliable identification of this medicinal plant.
6) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data within the research study. Tables summarize and convey key findings such as physicochemical parameters, leaf constants, and behaviours with chemical reagents, aiding in the comparison of results for future reference in pharmacognostic evaluations.
7) Water:
Water is a fundamental solvent used in various analyses within pharmacognostic studies. Its role in determining solubility and extraction of phytochemicals is crucial, as seen in the extractive values of Sesbania bispinosa, aiding in identifying its medicinal properties and potential therapeutic uses.
8) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, often involving natural or synthetic compounds. The study emphasizes the importance of natural medicinal sources like Sesbania bispinosa, underlining their historical and contemporary relevance in traditional healing systems.
9) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, influencing fields such as pharmacognosy. Understanding plant structures and functions is essential for identifying medicinal qualities and standardizing herbal products, as demonstrated in the study of Sesbania bispinosa and its pharmacognostic parameters.
10) Purity:
Purity in this context refers to the absence of contaminants or adulterants in herbal preparations. The findings of the study provide standard parameters to help ensure the purity of Sesbania bispinosa, which is essential for its safe use in herbal medicine formulations.
11) India:
India is significant in the context of traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda and Sidha, where plants like Sesbania bispinosa are widely used. The study aims to maintain the quality and authenticity of herbal products utilized within these traditional practices across the country.
12) Arrangement:
Arrangement pertains to the spatial organization of plant structures, such as leaf arrangement on a stem, which can impact photosynthesis and plant health. The study reviews the leaf's arrangement in Sesbania bispinosa to aid in proper identification and authentication.
13) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the external environmental conditions in which a plant grows. These factors can affect the medicinal properties of plants like Sesbania bispinosa. Understanding the surrounding ecosystem is vital for harvesting and utilizing the plant in herbal formulations.
14) Science (Scientific):
Scientific relates to the systematic and empirical approach employed in pharmacognostic studies. The research on Sesbania bispinosa adopts scientific methods to analyze the plant's characteristics, aiming to produce verifiable and reproducible results for future botanical and medicinal applications.
15) Disease:
Disease is a pathological condition affecting the body's functions, often treated with medicinal plants. The study discusses the medicinal properties of Sesbania bispinosa and its traditional uses, such as for treating conditions like snake bites, highlighting the relevance of plant-based therapies.
16) Species:
Species refers to a group of plants or animals with common characteristics that can interbreed. In pharmacognosy, identifying the correct species, like Sesbania bispinosa, is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of herbal remedies utilized in traditional medicine.
17) Family:
Family in this context refers to the classification of plants in taxonomy. Sesbania bispinosa belongs to the Fabaceae family, which is significant for its numerous medicinal plants. Understanding familial traits helps in recognizing and comparing plant characteristics in pharmacognostic studies.
18) Nilam:
Neelam Parab is one of the authors of the study. Her contributions signify the collaborative efforts in research to analyze and document the pharmacognostic profile of Sesbania bispinosa, assisting in establishing quality standards for medicinal plants.
19) Crop:
Crop refers to cultivated plants grown for food, fodder, or medicinal purposes. Sesbania bispinosa is mainly cultivated as a green manure crop in India, contributing to soil health and nitrogen enrichment, alongside its medicinal applications in traditional medicine.
20) Soil:
Soil is the natural resource that supports plant growth and provides essential nutrients. Sesbania bispinosa improves soil health through nitrogen fixation, highlighting the ecological importance of incorporating medicinal plants in sustainable agricultural practices and their role in traditional healing.
21) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical pertains to the study of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources, primarily plants. This specific terminology emphasizes the research's focus on analyzing Sesbania bispinosa to establish standardization, authentication, and quality assessment for its use in herbal medicine.
22) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the quantitative assessment of various parameters within the study. Accurate measurement of morphological, microscopic, and chemical properties is essential for establishing the pharmacognostic profile of Sesbania bispinosa, aiding in its identification and ensuring quality control.
23) Observation:
Observation is key in scientific research for gathering data as part of the study process. In the context of this research, careful observation of the morphological and anatomical features of Sesbania bispinosa is crucial for its accurate identification and quality assessment.
24) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing the results and findings from the study to draw conclusions and implications for future research. In this paper, the discussion highlights the importance of establishing pharmacognostic standards for Sesbania bispinosa and its role in traditional medicine.
25) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite is a serious medical emergency where the use of medicinal plants like Sesbania bispinosa may play a role in traditional healing methods. The paper discusses the traditional applications of the plant in treating snake-bite and emphasizes the need for pharmacognostic validation.
26) Container:
Container refers to the glass or airtight vessels used for storing powdered plant materials, ensuring they remain uncontaminated. Proper storage conditions are essential for maintaining the integrity and quality of Sesbania bispinosa powder for medicinal use.
27) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine that utilizes natural sources for healing. The study emphasizes the significance of plants like Sesbania bispinosa within Ayurvedic practices, highlighting the need to establish pharmacognostic standards to support effective and safe herbal formulations.
28) Activity:
Activity relates to the physiological effects of a substance. In the context of the study, it refers to the medicinal properties of Sesbania bispinosa, showcasing its various uses in traditional medicine and the need for pharmacognostic validation of those therapeutic activities.
29) Vaidya:
Sharda Vaidya is one of the authors contributing to the study. Her involvement highlights the collaborative aspect of research in the field of botany and pharmacognosy, aimed at establishing quality standards for medicinal plants like Sesbania bispinosa.
30) Bitter:
Bitter refers to one of the organoleptic characteristics of Sesbania bispinosa, indicating taste perception. This property can provide insights into the plant's medicinal efficacy and therapeutic applications, as bitterness is often associated with specific phytochemical constituents in traditional herbal medicines.
31) Misuse:
Misuse points to the incorrect application or misunderstanding of herbal products, which can occur when proper identification of medicinal plants is lacking. The study aims to establish standardization to prevent the misuse of Sesbania bispinosa due to adulteration and to ensure safe usage.
32) Manure:
Manure refers to organic matter used to fertilize soil and enhance its physical and chemical properties. Sesbania bispinosa is recognized as an effective green manure crop in sustainable agriculture, showcasing the dual role of certain plants in both soil health and medicinal applications.
33) Campus:
Campus refers to the physical grounds of Smt. C. H. M College in Ulhasnagar, where the plant samples of Sesbania bispinosa were collected for the study. Institutional campuses play a vital role in academic research, providing access to resources for botanical investigations.
34) Thane:
Thane is a district in Maharashtra, India, where Sesbania bispinosa was collected. The geographical location influences the growth conditions of medicinal plants, affecting their chemical composition and efficacy in traditional medicine, which emphasizes the significance of regional studies.
35) Glass:
Glass denotes the material used for containers in which powder is stored to maintain its quality. Glass provides an inert environment, preventing contamination and chemical reactions that could occur with other materials, thus preserving the integrity of Sesbania bispinosa powder.
36) Earth:
Earth refers to soil and its composition, which affects the growth and nutritional quality of medicinal plants. The health of the earth is critical to cultivating plants like Sesbania bispinosa, ensuring they obtain necessary nutrients for medicinal efficacy in traditional practices.
37) Cita:
Sidha is a traditional system of medicine practiced in India, similar to Ayurveda. The study of Sesbania bispinosa highlights its uses across both Ayurvedic and Sidha systems, reflecting the plant's cultural importance and demand for standardized pharmacognostic evaluation.
38) Bela:
Bela refers to a region in Pakistan where traditional medicinal uses of Sesbania bispinosa are noted. The cultural relevance demonstrates the globalization of herbal medicine practices, necessitating standardization across regions to ensure the safety and authenticity of such medicinal plants.
39) Line:
Line refers to the linear measurement used in the morphological evaluation of plants. Accurate line measurements of leaf traits, such as length and width, are essential in distinguishing species and understanding their biological characteristics in pharmacognostic studies.
40) Hand:
Hand signifies the manual process involved in preparing plant samples for study, including cutting and sectioning. Hand techniques in microscopic evaluations emphasize the traditional skills required in botanical research to achieve accurate analyses of the plant's anatomical features.
41) Shand (Sand):
Sand concerns the composition of soil where plants are cultivated. Its presence in soil can affect drainage and nutrient availability, which in turn influences the growth and effectiveness of medicinal plants like Sesbania bispinosa in their natural habitat.
42) Salt (Salty):
Salt refers to various forms of mineral deposits found in the soil. The presence of salts in the soil affects plant health and growth strategies, potentially influencing the biochemical constituents of medicinal plants like Sesbania bispinosa, impacting their therapeutic properties.