Effects of traditional plant extracts on bacteria from wounds and skin.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effects of some traditional plants extracts on bacteria isolated from burns, wounds & skin diseases
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Basam Basim Al-Fraji, Enas Ibrahim Jasim, Rasha Mohamed Sajet, Enaam Hameed Batah
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Effects of some traditional plants extracts on bacteria isolated from burns, wounds & skin diseases
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20166-6305
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Al-Fraji et al. (2016) investigates the antibacterial effects of selected traditional plant extracts against bacteria commonly associated with skin infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria are responsible for various skin diseases, particularly in developing countries where poor hygiene contributes to wound infections. The research highlights the potential of herbal medicines in treating such infections and addresses the growing concern of antibiotic resistance.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Plant Extracts
The study tested in vitro the antibacterial properties of three specific plants: Calendula officinalis (Garden Marigold), Cichorium intybus (Chicory), and Portulaca oleracea (Purslane). Results demonstrated that all three plant extracts exhibited effective antibacterial activity against all 30 clinical bacterial isolates tested. Among the extracts, Cichorium intybus showed the highest inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating its potential as a prominent antimicrobial agent.
Role of Traditional Medicine in Treating Skin Diseases
Traditional treatment practices in rural areas often involve the use of various plants for managing wounds, burns, and skin diseases. The study underscores the belief among rural populations in the efficacy of these natural remedies in facilitating skin repair and healing. Despite the presence of modern medical options, traditional medicine remains integral to the healthcare of many communities, primarily due to its accessibility and perceived safety.
Plant Constituents and Their Mechanisms
Phytochemical analyses revealed that the active compounds in the tested plants include saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to their antimicrobial properties. These constituents may disrupt bacterial cell walls, inhibit enzyme activity, and interfere with bacterial metabolism. The study suggests that these compounds could be valuable for developing new therapeutic agents, particularly as alternatives or supplements to conventional antibiotics, particularly in light of increasing antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion
The findings of Al-Fraji et al. support the notion that plant extracts can serve as effective antimicrobial agents against common skin pathogens. This reinforces the relevance of traditional medicinal practices and the potential integration of herbal remedies into modern treatment paradigms. Given the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, the study advocates further investigation into the mechanisms of these plant extracts, suggesting they hold promise for developing new treatments for infectious diseases while minimizing adverse effects associated with traditional antibiotics.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What plants were studied for antibacterial effects?
The study analyzed three plants: Calendula officinalis, Cichorium intybus, and Portulaca oleracea for their antibacterial properties against skin-related bacteria.
Which bacteria did the plant extracts target?
The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly associated with skin infections.
What were the results of the antibacterial assays?
All three plant extracts showed effective antibacterial activity against the 30 clinical bacterial isolates tested, with Cichorium intybus exhibiting the highest effectiveness.
Why are herbal treatments important in wound care?
Herbal treatments can provide antimicrobial properties and promote healing, serving as alternative therapies, especially where traditional antibiotics face resistance and side effects.
What is the traditional use of the studied plants?
These plants are traditionally used in rural areas for treating burns, wounds, and skin diseases due to their believed healing properties and natural availability.
What compounds in these plants contribute to their effects?
The plants contain various bioactive compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, which are known for their antimicrobial and healing properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effects of traditional plant extracts on bacteria from wounds and skin.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Aureus:
Aureus refers to 'Staphylococcus aureus', a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in skin infections. It is notable for its ability to form clusters resembling grapes and for causing various skin diseases like boils and impetigo. Its presence signifies potential infection and needs careful management due to antibiotic resistance concerns.
2) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burned refers to the state of skin after sustaining burns, which can be a high-risk area for infections. The study emphasizes the importance of effective treatment for burned areas, as bacterial colonization can hinder healing and lead to severe complications if untreated.
3) Disease:
Diseases are pathological conditions resulting from infections, injuries, or hereditary factors. In the context of skin infections, various bacteria can cause ailments such as impetigo or cellulitis, particularly in individuals with compromised immunity or underlying health issues. Treatment often involves antibiotics or alternative medicinal plants.
4) Table:
In scientific writing, a table is a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. It allows for easy comparison and visualization of results, such as the effectiveness of various plant extracts on bacterial isolates. Tables enhance comprehension and provide clear summaries of complex information.
5) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals found in plants, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They play a significant role in the antimicrobial activity of many herbal extracts against bacteria. Research suggests that flavonoids can disrupt bacterial cell walls and inhibit enzymatic functions.
6) Wall:
The term 'wall' often refers to the cell wall of bacteria, which serves as a protective barrier. The structure is critical in distinguishing Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacteria. It influences susceptibility to antibiotics and plant extracts, with Gram-negative bacteria typically having more complex walls that resist treatment.
7) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are substances used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting growth or killing bacteria. However, resistance is a growing concern, which makes exploring alternative treatments like phytochemicals from plants crucial. The study emphasizes the potential of herbal remedies as viable antibiotic alternatives.
8) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation designed to discover or interpret facts. In this context, the study evaluates the antibacterial effects of traditional plant extracts on skin-infecting bacteria. Findings are essential for understanding natural remedies' efficacy and contribute to the broader field of alternative medicine.
9) Medicine:
Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This study explores alternative medicine, particularly the use of plant extracts in treating infections. It highlights the importance of natural therapies, especially in regions where conventional medicine may be inaccessible or unaffordable.
10) Activity:
In biological contexts, 'activity' refers to the effects or actions of a substance on living organisms or cells. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts is a focus of this study, measuring how effectively these extracts inhibit the growth of bacteria associated with skin infections.
11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds in plants, contributing to their color, flavor, and disease resistance. Many exhibit biological activity, including antibacterial effects. This study identifies specific phytochemicals from plants like 'Calendula officinalis' that may combat bacterial infections in skin diseases.
12) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes a systematic approach relying on the scientific method to acquire knowledge. The study embodies this principle by examining the antibacterial properties of plant extracts under controlled laboratory conditions, contributing valuable data to the field of microbiology and alternative medicine.
13) Swelling:
Swelling is an increase in size or volume in body parts, often due to inflammation or fluid accumulation. In skin infections, it signals the body's response to injury or infection caused by pathogenic bacteria. Effective treatment aims to reduce swelling and associated symptoms like pain.
14) Bleeding:
Bleeding is the loss of blood, often occurring with wounds or burns. It complicates skin infections by providing an entry point for bacteria and can also hinder the healing process. Maintaining proper hygiene and using antibacterial treatments can mitigate these risks.
15) Species:
In biology, species are groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring. The study identifies and examines specific bacterial species involved in skin infections, such as 'Staphylococcus aureus' and 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa,' highlighting their relevance to human health.
16) Nature:
Nature in this context refers to the inherent qualities or characteristics of the substances studied. The natural properties of plant extracts influence their medicinal potential, emphasizing the significance of exploring herbal remedies for treating skin-related infections effectively.
17) Powder:
Powder refers to a grounded material, typically of plant origin, used in the study to extract bioactive compounds. The powder of dried plant parts is processed to prepare herbal extracts. These extracts are crucial for testing their antibacterial properties against specific bacterial isolates.
18) Water:
Water is the solvent used in extracting compounds from plant materials. In the study, distilled boiling water extracts bioactive ingredients from the ground plant powder, facilitating the investigation of their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria responsible for skin infections.
19) Sign:
A sign refers to any observable or measurable indicator of a condition. In clinical settings, signs of infection such as swelling, redness, and pus formation indicate the presence of bacteria. Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely and effective treatment.
20) Hair:
Hair can serve as a site for microbial colonization and infection, particularly around hair follicles. Infections such as folliculitis arise when bacteria infect these areas, causing inflammation and requiring effective treatment. The study assesses the role of plant extracts in combating such infections.
21) Rich (Rch):
Rich, in this context, typically describes the nutrient or content abundance in a substance. The study discusses rich environments, like burned skin tissues, that promote bacterial growth. This understanding aids in recognizing infection risks and the need for effective antimicrobial interventions.
22) Hand:
The hand is a body part often exposed to various pathogens. Healthcare-associated infections may arise from poor hand hygiene, emphasizing the need for effective practices to prevent skin infections. The study's setting considers the hygiene practices influencing infection rates in clinical environments.
23) Drug:
A drug is a chemical agent used for therapeutic benefits. The study aims to identify plant-based drugs that can serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics for treating infections. Traditional medicine often employs these herbal drugs for wound healing and infection control.
24) Pur:
Poor refers to the socio-economic status of individuals who may rely on traditional medicine for healthcare. The study emphasizes the importance of accessible and affordable treatments for vulnerable populations, particularly regarding effective natural remedies against infections prevalent in developing countries.
25) Discussion:
Discussion in a research context involves interpreting the findings and their implications. This section outlines the significance of the study results, compares them with existing literature, and explores future research directions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the plant extracts' effectiveness.
26) Developing:
Developing refers to countries with lower economic, social, or industrial growth. They often face public health challenges, including higher rates of infections and limited access to conventional medications. Research into alternative remedies like herbal extracts is vital for improved healthcare in these regions.
27) Substance:
A substance is a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In this research, various plant extracts and their bioactive compounds are examined as potential substances for treating infections. Understanding each substance's unique properties is essential for developing effective therapies.
28) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can cause harm to organisms. The study addresses the importance of assessing the toxicity of plant extracts to ensure they are safe for use. Evaluating toxicity is crucial in determining the therapeutic viability of herbal remedies.
29) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygienic refers to practices that promote health and prevent disease transmission. The study highlights that poor hygienic conditions often contribute to increased infection rates, especially in developing countries. Ensuring hygiene is crucial in controlling skin infections and fostering overall public health.
30) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer boundary or layer of an object, such as the skin. Infections often occur when the skin's integrity is compromised, allowing bacteria to invade. Proper care of the skin surface is vital for preventing and treating infections effectively.
31) Repair:
Repair refers to the body's natural healing processes that restore damaged tissues. The study investigates plant extracts that may enhance wound repair and healing. Understanding these mechanisms contributes to developing better therapeutic strategies for treating wounds and infections.
32) Mathura (Mathur):
Mathur is mentioned as an author in the context of research on herbal medicines. The study incorporates findings from various authors, including Mathur, to support its conclusions regarding the efficacy of plants like 'Calendula officinalis' in treating bacterial infections.
33) Gold (Golden):
Golden, in the context of skin diseases, describes conditions like crusting lesions caused by infections. Infections lead to the formation of pus, which can turn golden as it dries. Recognizing such signs can help in diagnosing bacterial skin infections.
34) India:
India is mentioned as a country where traditional medicinal practices are widely used. The study highlights the relevance of exploring herbal remedies, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional medicines, emphasizing the potential benefits of plants in treating infections.
35) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasha is identified as one of the authors involved in the study. The inclusion of multiple authors reflects collaborative efforts in researching the antibacterial properties of traditional plants. Their collective expertise enhances the credibility and depth of the findings presented.
36) Sugar:
Sugar can refer to various carbohydrates but, in medical contexts, excessive sugar levels may indicate underlying health issues like diabetes. High sugar levels can complicate wound healing and increase infection risk, making it essential to manage blood sugar effectively in patients with skin infections.
37) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a break in the skin or mucous membrane that can become infected. Wound ulcers can arise from various conditions, often leading to bacterial infections. The study's focus on antibacterial agents includes investigating their efficacy in treating such ulcers.
38) Fever:
Fever is a common sign of infection, indicating the body's immune response. In the context of skin infections, an elevated temperature can accompany symptoms like redness and swelling. Monitoring fever is crucial for determining the severity of infections and appropriate treatment.
39) Death:
Death in medical contexts often signifies severe complications resulting from untreated infections. Skin infections, especially in vulnerable populations, can escalate to systemic infections. Studying the antibacterial properties of plant extracts can provide alternatives to prevent fatal outcomes from such infections.
40) Blood:
Blood plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients and immune cells throughout the body. Infections can lead to sepsis, where bacteria enter the bloodstream, posing high risks for life-threatening conditions. Understanding the relationship between infections and blood health is essential for effective treatment.
41) Bissa:
Bissa is mentioned as another author contributing to the study. The collaborative nature of the research, involving multiple authors like Bissa, indicates a collective effort to explore the effectiveness of herbal medicines, enriching the study's insights and findings.
42) Food:
Food can influence health and the body's ability to heal. The study discusses traditional uses of plants in food and medicine, linking nutrition and herbal medicine. Nutritional factors can impact wound healing and overall health, underscoring the importance of diet in treatment strategies.
43) Pain:
Pain is a common symptom of infections, indicating inflammation or damage to tissues. Individuals experiencing pain may require effective treatments to manage their discomfort and promote healing. The study's exploration of herbal remedies aims to address pain associated with skin infections.