Effect of Salvadora persica L. extract on oral pathogens.

| Posted in: Scientific

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of plant extracted salvadora persica l.on some isolated pathogens from mouth and teeth
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.

Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Lika H. Mahdi, Rana Aziz, Ali Murtatha, Shatha A. Shafiq


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Effect of plant extracted salvadora persica l.on some isolated pathogens from mouth and teeth

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

This study investigates the antimicrobial effects of the plant Salvadora persica L., commonly known as Miswak, which is widely used for oral hygiene, particularly in the Muslim community. It is recognized for its various medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-mutagenic activities against pathogens found in the oral cavity. The researchers isolated and identified several pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Candida albicans, and assessed the effectiveness of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Salvadora persica against these microorganisms.

Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The study highlighted that the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica exhibited significantly greater antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate extract across various concentrations. For instance, at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, the aqueous extract showed inhibition zones of 26.5 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and lesser but notable effectiveness against the other pathogens. Conversely, the ethyl acetate extract displayed lower inhibition zones, indicating that the aqueous extract is a more potent antimicrobial agent for the tested isolates.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens

In carrying out the research, twenty samples were obtained from the oral cavities of patients suffering from denture stomatitis using a swabbing method. The identified pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Candida albicans. The presence of these pathogens in the oral cavity illustrates the potential for high resistance mechanisms to various treatments, underscoring the significance of finding effective natural antimicrobial agents such as those derived from Salvadora persica.

Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations

The study assessed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts. The aqueous extract demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties, with the lowest MIC for Staphylococcus aureus recorded at 4 µg/ml and the MBC at 8 µg/ml. The ethyl acetate extract presented higher MIC values, with the most resistant strains showing significant concentrations needed to achieve similar antibacterial effects. The significant variance in MIC and MBC values between the extracts suggests differing levels of efficacy and warrants further investigation into the active compounds responsible for these properties.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the potential of Salvadora persica as a natural antimicrobial agent against common oral pathogens. The greater effectiveness of its aqueous extract compared to the ethyl acetate extract highlights its significance in traditional medicine and oral care. Given the rise of antibiotic resistance, the study suggests further exploration of Salvadora persica could lead to the development of new therapeutic options for managing oral health issues. These results provide a substantive basis for considering natural extracts in contemporary dental hygiene practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the main focus of the study on Salvadora persica?

The study investigates the antimicrobial effects of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Salvadora persica against pathogens isolated from the mouth and teeth.

Which pathogens were tested in the study?

The study tested Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Candida albicans.

How were the plant extracts prepared for testing?

Aqueous extraction involved soaking powdered stems in sterile water, while ethyl acetate extraction used solvent extraction followed by concentration and freeze-drying.

What were the results of the antimicrobial activity tests?

Aqueous extracts showed greater antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate extracts, particularly at higher concentrations.

What are MIC and MBC, and what were their values in the study?

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) measure the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. For Staphylococcus aureus, MIC was 4 mg/ml and MBC was 8 mg/ml for aqueous extracts.

What components of Salvadora persica contribute to its antimicrobial properties?

Key components include Vitamin C, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which collectively enhance its antimicrobial efficacy.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of Salvadora persica L. extract on oral pathogens.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Aureus:
Aureus refers to 'Staphylococcus aureus', a significant Gram-positive bacterium. It is often associated with various infections in humans, particularly in the context of oral and skin infections. The study highlights its sensitivity to the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica, showing potential for herbal treatment against this pathogen.

2) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, specifically how effectively they inhibit the growth of pathogens. The study evaluates the activity of Salvadora persica extracts, showing that the aqueous extract has a higher inhibitory effect on the tested microorganisms.

3) Table:
Table refers to the structured data presented in the study, summarizing the results of antimicrobial tests. It provides clear visual representation and comparison of the inhibition zones recorded for different concentrations of Salvadora persica extracts against various pathogens.

4) Water:
Water is the solvent used for the aqueous extraction of Salvadora persica. It plays a crucial role in dissolving bioactive compounds from the plant, enabling the evaluation of its antimicrobial properties against isolated pathogens from dental samples.

5) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the research conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Salvadora persica L. extracts. It aims to isolate pathogens from the oral cavity and assess the efficacy of the plant's extracts in controlling oral pathogens, contributing to dental hygiene.

6) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the property of substances that inhibits bacterial growth. This study demonstrates the antibacterial effects of Salvadora persica extracts against specific bacteria, providing insights into their potential use as natural antimicrobial agents in oral healthcare.

7) Science (Scientific):
Science in this context signifies the systematic study and experimentation conducted to explore the antimicrobial properties of plant extracts. It embodies the methodologies applied to isolate pathogens, extract compounds, and test their effectiveness against oral bacteria.

8) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of Salvadora persica stems used for extraction. The powdered plant material allows for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds, essential for evaluating their antimicrobial activity against the pathogens isolated during the study.

9) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation in this context may relate to the genetic changes in pathogens that lead to antibiotic resistance. The study mentions the adaptability of bacteria, emphasizing the need for effective antimicrobial agents given the increasing resistance in common oral bacteria.

10) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the way pathogens spread, particularly the ease with which they can transfer resistance determinants. This concept is crucial in understanding the dynamics of infections and their management in dental practices as highlighted in the study.

11) Discussion:
Discussion references the section of the study where results are analyzed and interpreted. It elaborates on the implications of the antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica extracts, comparing findings with existing literature and outlining the significance for oral hygiene practices.

12) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the condition of patients, specifically those experiencing oral health issues like denture stomatitis. The study isolates pathogens from such patients, aiming to develop effective treatments that address their discomfort and prevent further complications.

13) Species:
Species denotes various types of microorganisms examined in the study. It includes specific bacteria and fungi isolated from patients. Understanding the diversity of these species is crucial for evaluating the antimicrobial potential of the tested plant extracts.

14) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices that promote health and prevent disease, particularly in oral health contexts. The study explores how the use of Salvadora persica aligns with maintaining oral hygiene and combating pathogens that cause dental diseases.

15) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic classification that groups plants with similar characteristics. Salvadora persica belongs to the Salvadoraceae family, which is relevant in understanding its biological properties and potential health benefits as indicated in the study.

16) Reason:
Reason in this context addresses the justification for the study, focusing on the antimicrobial efficacy of Salvadora persica against oral pathogens. It emphasizes the need for effective natural remedies in controlling infections prevalent in dental care.

17) Rana:
Rana, possibly referring to one of the authors (Rana Aziz), is part of the research team contributing to the study. Authors play a critical role in conducting and documenting scientific research, ensuring the integrity and validity of the findings.

18) Tree:
Tree relates to Salvadora persica, which is a tree known for its medicinal properties and use in oral hygiene. The study explores the benefits derived from this tree’s extracts, highlighting its traditional application in maintaining oral health.

19) Salt (Salty):
Salt, in the context of this study, likely refers to mineral components present in the extracts. The term may also relate to the chemical composition of Salvadora persica, which includes salts that contribute to its antimicrobial properties.

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: