Effect of rhizobia from Pithecellobium dulce on Vigna mungo and radiata.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of rhizobial isolates of pithecellobium dulce (benth) on vigna mungo and vigna radiata
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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R. Sagaya Giri and S. Dhanalakshmi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Effect of rhizobial isolates of pithecellobium dulce (benth) on vigna mungo and vigna radiata
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Sagaya Giri and Dhanalakshmi focuses on the biological nitrogen fixation achieved through the symbiotic relationship between legumes and microorganisms, specifically rhizobia. This approach is considered more economically viable and environmentally friendly compared to the conventional nitrogen fertilizers used in agriculture. The investigation primarily involved isolating rhizobial strains from the legume tree Pithecellobium dulce and assessing their effectiveness on two economically significant legume crops, Vigna mungo (black gram) and Vigna radiata (green gram).
Enhancement of Crop Yield through Rhizobial Inoculation
A significant objective of the study was to determine the fertilizer potential of rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce on the growth and yield of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata. The researchers inoculated these legumes with the isolated rhizobia and performed pot culture experiments to assess nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and subsequent yield. The experiments revealed a notable improvement in various growth parameters, such as plant height and biomass, among the inoculated plants compared to controls that were not inoculated.
The Role of Nodulation in Nitrogen Fixation
The investigation also highlighted the importance of nodulation in plant growth and nitrogen fixation. Nodules produced on the roots of legumes serve as the primary site for the symbiotic relationship where rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plants can utilize. The study found that the number of nodules significantly increased in inoculated plants, suggesting that the rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce were effective in establishing this crucial association. Increased nodulation directly correlates with enhanced nitrogen fixation and overall plant health.
Comparative Effectiveness of Inoculated Crops
The results indicated that among the tested plants, Vigna mungo showed a more pronounced positive response to the inoculation with rhizobia from Pithecellobium dulce than Vigna radiata. Parameters such as nodule number, biomass, seed yield, and seed weight were all significantly higher in the inoculated group of Vigna mungo. This suggests that the specific rhizobial strains isolated from Pithecellobium dulce may have particular compatibility or effectiveness with Vigna mungo, making them stronger candidates for biofertilizers in agricultural practices.
Conclusion
The findings from this study affirm that the rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce are effective biofertilizers capable of enhancing the growth and yield of important legume crops such as Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata. The positive effects observed in plant height, nodulation, and overall yield underscore the potential of using biological nitrogen fixation as a sustainable agricultural practice. Consequently, it is recommended that these rhizobial strains be considered for the improvement of crop yields in agricultural settings, promoting both economic benefits and environmental sustainability.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study involving Pithecellobium dulce?
The study investigates the effectiveness of rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce in improving nitrogen fixation and enhancing the yield of economically important legume crops such as Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata.
How were rhizobial isolates obtained from Pithecellobium dulce?
Rhizobial isolates were collected from root nodules of Pithecellobium dulce, sterilized, crushed, and then cultured in Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) medium to confirm and propagate the Rhizobium species.
What legumes were used in the pot culture experiment?
The pot culture experiment utilized two economically significant legumes: Vigna mungo (black gram) and Vigna radiata (green gram), germinated in garden soil and inoculated with rhizobial isolates.
What effects did rhizobial inoculation have on the plants?
Rhizobial inoculation resulted in significant increases in plant height, nodule number, plant biomass, seed number, and seed biomass compared to uninoculated control plants, highlighting its effectiveness as a biofertilizer.
What were the results of the study regarding yield improvements?
The study concluded that rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce effectively improved yields in Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata, showing that these rhizobial strains can be recommended for enhancing crop production.
What acknowledgment is provided in the research?
The authors express gratitude to the Management of A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College for providing the necessary laboratory facilities to conduct their research successfully.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of rhizobia from Pithecellobium dulce on Vigna mungo and radiata.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Crop:
In agriculture, 'crop' refers to cultivated plants that are grown for food, fiber, or other commercial purposes. The significance of crops like Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata in this study highlights the potential of agricultural practices involving biological nitrogen fixation to enhance productivity in economically important legumes while minimizing reliance on chemical fertilizers.
2) Tree:
'Tree' generally denotes a perennial plant with an elongated stem or trunk. In this context, the legume tree Pithecellobium dulce is studied for its ability to establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia. These relationships can improve soil fertility and crop yields, demonstrating the tree's importance in sustainable agriculture.
3) Vigna mungo:
Commonly known as black gram, Vigna mungo is a significant legume crop that is rich in protein and essential nutrients. The study investigates the efficacy of rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce in enhancing Vigna mungo's growth and nitrogen fixation capacity, underscoring its agricultural importance.
4) Fixation:
'Fixation' in this context refers specifically to biological nitrogen fixation, a natural process wherein atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia by certain microorganisms. This study highlights the role of rhizobial symbiosis in legumes like Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata, which can substantially reduce the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.
5) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' implies a detailed investigation aimed at understanding or uncovering the interactions between rhizobial isolates and legume crops. This particular study aims to assess the potential impact of rhizobia from Pithecellobium dulce on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata.
6) Soil:
'Soil' is the upper layer of earth where plants grow, crucial for providing nutrients, water, and anchorage. The research emphasizes the role of soil quality and the influence of rhizobial inoculation on the growth parameters of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata, showcasing soil health's significance in agriculture.
7) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is a region in Tamil Nadu, India, known for its agricultural practices. The seeds of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata used in the study were obtained from this locale, indicating the local agricultural practices and conditions that might affect the results and applicability of the findings on crop yield.
8) Seedling:
'Seedling' refers to a young plant that has developed from a seed. In this research, seedlings of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata were inoculated with rhizobial isolates, which is vital in the early growth stages for establishing symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationships and ultimately enhancing plant health and productivity.
9) Botany:
Botany, the study of plants, encompasses various aspects, including plant biology, physiology, and ecology. This research, being rooted in botany, examines the interactions between legumes and bacteria, highlighting the importance of understanding plant-microbe relationships for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.
10) Agriculture:
'Agriculture' refers to the science and practice of farming, including the cultivation of crops and livestock. This study addresses the critical aspects of sustainable agricultural practices by exploring how rhizobial inoculation of legumes like Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata can enhance nitrogen fixation and reduce the dependency on chemical fertilizers.
11) Discussion:
'Discussion' is an analytical reflection on the study's findings, where results are interpreted and contextualized. In the research, the discussion focuses on the positive effects of rhizobial inoculation on growth parameters in legumes, emphasizing its potential benefits and practical implications for sustainable agricultural practices.
12) Surface:
'Surface' typically refers to the outermost layer or part of an object. In the study, surface sterilization of root nodules ensures that the investigated rhizobial strains are of interest while eliminating contaminants, thus allowing for accurate assessments of the symbiotic relationships and their effects on plant growth.
13) Family:
In biological classification, 'family' refers to a group of related species. Pithecellobium dulce belongs to the Mimosaceae family, which is significant because familial relationships can influence the types of rhizobia associated with legume species and their ability to fix nitrogen effectively in agricultural settings.
14) Water:
'Water' is essential for plant growth, providing hydration and acting as a solvent for nutrient transport. The research indirectly signifies water's importance by cultivating seedlings in pots and maintaining optimal conditions for growth, vital for understanding the full impact of rhizobial inoculation and plant development.
15) Table:
In academic research, a 'table' organizes and presents data clearly and concisely. The table within the study outlines the effects of P.dulce rhizobia on growth parameters of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata, aiding in the assessment of their performance compared to uninoculated controls.
16) Giri:
Giri is part of the name of the lead author, R. Sagaya Giri, which signifies their contribution to the research. The authorship plays a role in establishing credibility and accountability for the scientific findings presented, essential for scholarly communication and further investigations in the field.
17) Observation:
'Observation' refers to the systematic examination and documentation of phenomena. In this study, careful observations of nodulation, growth, and overall plant health were crucial for analyzing the effectiveness of rhizobial inoculation, underpinning the importance of empirical data in scientific research.
18) Green gram:
Known scientifically as Vigna radiata, green gram is an essential pulse crop rich in nutrients. The study focuses on its interaction with rhizobial isolates from Pithecellobium dulce, highlighting its relevance in agriculture as a nutritious food source and its potential for improving soil quality through nitrogen fixation.
19) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India where the research is conducted. It is significant due to its agricultural diversity and practices. The choice of local legumes like Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata for the study reflects the regional agricultural conditions and the relevance of the findings to local farmers.
20) Quality:
'Quality' relates to the standard or grade of something, in this case, the growth and yield of legumes. The study evaluates how rhizobial inoculation can enhance the quality of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata crops by improving growth parameters and overall productivity, impacting food security.
21) Species:
'Species' refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. The research emphasizes the species of legumes (Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata) and their potential symbiotic relationships with rhizobial isolates, showcasing the need for species-specific approaches in agricultural practices for optimized nitrogen fixation and yield.
22) Medium:
'Medium' refers to the substance in which organisms grow or are cultured. The Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) medium mentioned in the study is crucial for isolating and culturing Rhizobium, allowing researchers to analyze their efficacy in enhancing legume crop growth and nitrogen fixation.