Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review study of parpati kalpana
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: an effective pharmaceutical form
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The use of mercury, metals, and minerals in therapeutics marks a significant era in traditional Indian medicine, known as Rasashastra. This branch of Ayurveda specializes in mineral-based pharmaceutical preparations, notably those derived from mercury (Parada), that have therapeutic uses. Among these preparations, Parpati Kalpana is recognized for its effectiveness and is traditionally associated with various ailments, including digestive issues and chronic infections. This review aims to present a systematic overview of Parpati Kalpana, focusing on its preparation methods, types, and therapeutic properties.
The Therapeutic Promise of Parpati Rasayana
Parpati Rasayana, a thin flake-like preparation derived from Parada and Gandhaka, showcases high therapeutic value and reduced toxicity. Its effective formulations encompass both Sagandha (with Parada and Gandhaka) and Nirgandha (without these ingredients) types. The unique property of Parpati lies in its robust medicinal action, particularly when combined with herbal drugs. Traditional texts illustrate that when mercury combines with other substances, it not only enhances their properties but also extends their shelf life. Different types of Parpati, such as Tamra Parpati and Panchamruta Parpati, have been developed for various therapeutic purposes, illustrating the versatility and depth of this preparation within Ayurvedic practices.
The Preparation Process
The meticulous preparation of Parpati involves specific apparatus and a systematic procedure. Initially, an equal quantity of purified mercury and sulfur is mixed to create Kajjali, which is further refined through a controlled heating process in traditional instruments. The final product emerges as thin, black flakes characterized by specific size, appearance, and quality parameters. Careful observation and controlled heating are vital to avoid combustion, ensuring the quality of the Parpati. The overall preparation art reflects a nuanced understanding of material properties and the need for precision to achieve desirable medicinal outcomes.
Variability in Types and Dosage
Parpati preparations are classified into Sagandha and Nirgandha types based on their ingredients, leading to various formulations suited for specific therapeutic conditions. Each type of Parpati has defined dosages and regimens, such as Samanya (general usage) and Kalpa (increasing dosage over time). Traditional texts provide explicit guidelines on dosages, starting from as little as 1-2 Ratti (125–250 mg) for some conditions, gradually increasing depending on therapeutic needs. This emphasis on individualization in dosage reflects the personalized nature of Ayurvedic treatment.
Conclusion
The study of Parpati Kalpana underscores a rich tradition of herbal-mineral formulations in Ayurveda, with profound therapeutic potential. The distinct classification, preparation methods, and cognitive understanding of dosage underscore the tradition's complexity and adaptability. With advancements in technology and clinical studies, there is potential for revitalizing these ancient practices and validating their application in modern therapeutics. As awareness of these traditional practices expands, further research into Parpati Kalpana could enhance its integration within contemporary medicinal frameworks, bridging ancient wisdom with modern healthcare approaches.
Original source:
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Dr. Jyoti Sherawat, Dr. Dilip Wadodkar, Dr. Chattragun Lagad
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review study of parpati kalpana
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Parpati Kalpana and its significance in Ayurveda?
Parpati Kalpana is a thin flake-like Ayurvedic preparation made primarily from mercury (Parada) and sulphur (Gandhaka). It is significant for its high therapeutic value, potency, and cost-effectiveness, widely used in treating various ailments in Ayurveda.
What are the major ingredients used in Parpati preparations?
The primary ingredients of Parpati include Shuddha Parada (purified mercury), Gandhaka (sulphur), and other herbal drugs. The formulation varies based on additional components that influence its therapeutic applications.
How is Parpati preparation conducted according to the text?
Parpati preparation involves mixing and heating Shuddha Parada and Gandhaka in a specialized apparatus. The mixture is then cooled and pressed onto leaves, resulting in thin, flaky Parpati, which is then dried and powdered.
What are the types of Parpati based on their ingredients?
Parpati is classified into two types: Sagandha Parpati, which includes Parada and Gandhaka, and Nirgandha Parpati, which is devoid of these elements. Each type serves distinct therapeutic purposes.
What are the precautions to take during Parpati preparation?
Precautions include using moderate heat to prevent combustion of Gandhaka, ensuring quick pouring and pressing, and applying sufficient grease to pans to avoid sticking. It's crucial to maintain controlled temperatures throughout the process.
What conditions are treated with Parpati formulations in Ayurveda?
Parpati formulations are effective for gastrointestinal issues, such as digestive disorders, diarrhea, and worms. They are also recommended for a wide range of ailments when combined with appropriate herbs and substances (Anupana).
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review study of parpati kalpana”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Parpati (Parpaṭī, Pārpati):
Parpati refers to a pharmaceutical preparation in Ayurveda, characterized by its thin, flake-like form. It is composed of Parada (mercury), Gandhaka (sulfur), and other herbal ingredients. Parpati is known for its therapeutic efficacy, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness, making it a popular choice in Ayurvedic treatments.
2) Ratti (Rattī):
Ratti is a traditional unit of measurement in Ayurvedic medicine, equivalent to approximately 125 mg. It is often used to prescribe doses of various formulations, including Parpati. The accurate measurement of Ratti is critical to ensuring proper dosing for efficacy and safety in therapeutic applications.
3) Paka (Pāka, Pakā, Pākā):
Paka refers to the stage or consistency of a medicinal preparation during its processing. In Parpati preparation, three stages (Mridu, Madhya, Khara) indicate varying levels of hardness and characteristics. Understanding Paka stages helps in controlling the quality and therapeutic effectiveness of the preparation.
4) Kalpana (Kalpanā):
Kalpana refers to the methods and processes involved in formulating medicinal preparations in Ayurveda. It encompasses the steps taken to prepare various herbal and herbo-mineral formulations, including the precise mixing and heating of ingredients to enhance their therapeutic properties.
5) Parada (Pārādā, Pārada, Pāradā, Parādā):
Parada, or mercury, is a crucial ingredient in Rasashastra and Ayurvedic formulations. Its unique properties enhance the effectiveness of various preparations, allowing for the creation of efficacious remedies. Parada is often combined with other substances in the preparation of formulations like Parpati.
6) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana, Rasāyana, Rāsāyana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenative therapies in Ayurveda, aimed at promoting health, vitality, and longevity. Rasayana formulations, including Parpati, are designed to enhance bodily functions and mitigate the effects of aging, thereby improving overall wellness and resilience against diseases.
7) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
Gandhaka, or sulfur, is an essential component in many Ayurvedic formulations, including Parpati. Its unique properties help in enhancing the action of other drugs and play a significant role in the therapeutic effectiveness of the preparations, particularly those dealing with skin and metabolic disorders.
8) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasaśāstra):
Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda that deals with alchemical processes, particularly the use of metals and minerals in medicine. This discipline focuses on the preparation, purification, and application of substances like mercury and various metals, leading to the formulation of potent therapeutics.
9) Kajjali (Kajjalī):
Kajjali is a fine black powder formed by the combination of Parada (mercury) and Gandhaka (sulfur). It serves as a precursor in the preparation of various Ayurvedic medicines, including Parpati. This substance is known for its therapeutic properties and is crucial in Rasashastra formulations.
10) Yantra (Yamtra):
Yantra refers to the apparatus or equipment used in the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations. Specific Yantras are designed for various processes, such as grinding, heating, or mixing ingredients, ensuring that the formulations maintain their desired consistency and therapeutic effectiveness throughout preparation.
11) Kadali (Kadalī):
Kadali refers to the banana plant, specifically its leaves (Patra) used in the preparation of Parpati. The leaves serve as a vessel for containing and cooling the molten mixture during the preparation, and their natural properties may contribute to the therapeutic qualities of the final product.
12) Patra (Pātra):
Patra, meaning 'leaf' in Sanskrit, refers to the leaves used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines, particularly for wrapping or containing ingredients during the heating process. In Parpati preparation, Kadali Patra is instrumental in shaping the final product's form.
13) Rasa (Rasā, Rasha):
Rasa is a foundational concept in Ayurveda, referring to the essence or properties of substances. In the context of Rasashastra, Rasa defines the qualities that determine the therapeutic effects of various formulations, influencing their applications in healing practices.
14) Substance:
Substance refers to any material or ingredient used in the formulation of Ayurvedic preparations. This includes herbs, minerals, and metals, whose specific properties contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of the resulting products, such as Parpati.
15) Disease:
Disease in the Ayurvedic context encompasses various health conditions and imbalances affecting the body. The formulations like Parpati are created specifically to address multiple diseases, providing therapeutic benefits based on the unique properties of their ingredients.
16) Mineral:
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that play a crucial role in Ayurvedic medicine. They are often used in herbo-mineral preparations like Parpati and are valued for their therapeutic properties, aiding in various treatments and enhancing overall health.
17) Drug:
In Ayurveda, the term drug refers to any medicinal substance derived from herbs, minerals, or synthetic sources used to treat ailments. Parpati and other formulations are classified as drugs due to their therapeutic effects and active components.
18) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground form of substances used in Ayurvedic preparations. In Parpati manufacturing, the process often culminates in a powdered form that can be easily dosed and administered, ensuring optimal bioavailability of the active ingredients.
19) Kalpa (Kalpā, Kālpa):
Kalpa in Ayurveda signifies a form or regimen for preparing and administering medicinal formulations. It is often used alongside dosage instructions, guiding practitioners on the appropriate methods and sequences for consuming therapeutic preparations like Parpati.
20) Water:
Water is essential in Ayurvedic medicine, both as a solvent for preparations and as a medium for administration. However, specific guidelines exist regarding water quality during treatments, as it can influence the effectiveness of preparations like Parpati.
21) Rasaparpati (Rasaparpaṭī, Rasa-parpati):
Rasaparpati refers to a specific formulation of Parpati that is enriched with metals and minerals, enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. This form highlights the rich tradition of using alchemical processes in Ayurveda to create potent medicinal substances.
22) Palika (Pālikā):
Palika refers to a specific apparatus used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines, especially in the context of heating and melting substances. Its design aims to facilitate effective treatment and transformation of the ingredients into therapeutic formulations.
23) Tamra (Tāmra, Tāmrā):
Tamra, or copper, is a metal commonly used in Ayurvedic preparations. When included in Parpati formulations, Tamra is believed to imbue specific therapeutic properties that can enhance treatment outcomes for various ailments, particularly related to digestion and metabolism.
24) Study (Studying):
Study in this context refers to the systematic analysis and evaluation of Ayurvedic formulations and practices. Research and study of preparations like Parpati contribute to understanding their efficacy, safety, and methods of application in contemporary medicine.
25) Loha:
Loha is the Sanskrit term for iron, an essential mineral used in various Ayurvedic preparations. As a component in formulations like Parpati, it is valued for its health benefits, particularly in addressing conditions related to blood and tissue health.
26) Ghi (Ghī, Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is widely used in Ayurveda not only as a dietary component but also as a medium in drug preparation. In the context of Parpati, Ghee serves as a crucial ingredient during the heating process, enhancing the therapeutic properties of the final product.
27) Cow dung:
Cow dung is traditionally used in Ayurvedic processes both as a heating medium and for its purifying properties. It is often incorporated in the preparation of Parpati to provide a natural environment for cooling and shaping the flakes produced during formulation.
28) Vijayaparpati (Vijayaparpaṭī, Vijaya-parpati):
Vijaya-parpati refers to a specific variant of Parpati known for its unique therapeutic applications. It is characterized by its formulation and ingredients, catering to particular health conditions, emphasizing the diversity of Parpati types used in Ayurvedic practice.
29) Valukayantra (Valuka-yantra, Vālukayantra):
Valuka-yantra is a type of heating apparatus used in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations. It allows for controlled heating necessary in the preparation of Parpati, ensuring that the ingredients are processed appropriately without compromising their properties.
30) Maharashtra (Mahārāṣṭra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India known for its rich cultural and Ayurvedic heritage. It is home to various Ayurvedic colleges and practitioners who contribute to the study and practice of traditional medicine, including the preparation of Parpati.
31) Rajayakshma (Rajan-yakshma, Rājayakṣma, Rājayakṣmā):
Rajayakshma is an Ayurvedic term for tuberculosis. Parpati formulations are often utilized to alleviate symptoms associated with this disease, demonstrating the therapeutic relevance of these preparations in addressing serious health issues.
32) Observation:
Observation refers to the careful examination and recording of characteristics during the preparation and analysis of medicines. In the context of Parpati, systematic observations help ensure quality control and efficacy of the final product.
33) Vardhamana (Vardhamāna):
Vardhamana denotes the gradual increase in dosage of a drug or medicine, a practice seen in Ayurvedic treatments, including Parpati. This method allows for personalized treatment plans tailored to the patient's specific needs and responses to the medication.
34) Bhaishajya (Bhaiṣajya):
Bhaishajya refers to medicines or remedies in Ayurveda that are used to treat ailments. The study of Bhaishajya includes examining ingredients and formulations, such as Parpati, for their therapeutic properties and application in healing.
35) Mridupaka (Mṛdupāka):
Mridu-paka is a stage in the preparation of Parpati denoting a soft consistency. This stage is crucial for ensuring the final product has the desired qualities, influencing its medicinal effectiveness and stability in therapeutic use.
36) Nirgandha (Nir-gandha, Nirgamdha):
Nirgandha refers to Parpati formulations that do not contain specific smelling (sulfurous) ingredients like Gandhaka. These formulations cater to particular therapeutic needs, emphasizing the adaptability of Parpati based on ingredient selection.
37) Betel nut:
Betel nut is an important component in Ayurveda often associated with digestive health. It is recommended for patients undergoing treatments like Parpati, providing additional health benefits and assisting with the digestion of potent Ayurvedic drugs.
38) Inference:
Inference refers to the conclusions drawn from observations or analyses of Ayurvedic preparations. In the study of Parpati, inferences help ascertain the therapeutic efficacy, physical properties, and appropriate applications of different formulations.
39) Grahani (Grahaṇī):
Grahani is an Ayurvedic term for digestive disorders, particularly related to malabsorption. Parpati formulations are recommended for conditions like Grahani, showcasing their effectiveness in treating gastrointestinal issues and promoting digestive health.
40) Samanya (Sāmānya, Sāmanya):
Samanya refers to a general or standard practice in the administration of Ayurvedic medicines. Samanya Prayoga indicates conventional dosage regimens for Parpati, focusing on common applications and treatment approaches within the Ayurvedic tradition.
41) Mandala (Maṇḍala, Maṇḍalā, Mamdala):
Mandala refers to a specific period or cycle during which Ayurvedic treatments, such as Parpati consumption, are carried out. Different Mandalas indicate varying lengths of treatment regimens, emphasizing the time-based nature of Ayurvedic therapy for optimal results.
42) Anupana (Anupāna):
Anupana refers to the substances or vehicles used to accompany medicines for enhanced absorption and efficacy. In Parpati administration, appropriate Anupana ensure that the active constituents are effectively utilized by the body for therapeutic benefit.
43) Dravya:
Dravya signifies any form of material or substance used in Ayurvedic treatments, including herbal, mineral, or metallic components. The efficacy of Parpati and other formulations depends greatly on the quality and properties of the Dravya involved.
44) Gomaya:
Gomaya, or cow dung, is traditionally considered purifying in Ayurveda. Used in the preparation of Parpati, it serves both functional and symbolic roles, contributing to the process and reflecting the holistic principles of Ayurveda.
45) Sevana (Sevanā):
Sevana refers to the consumption or administration of Ayurvedic medicines. Proper Sevana methods are crucial in ensuring that formulations like Parpati are effectively used, maximizing their potential therapeutic benefits.
46) Vijaya (Vijayā):
Vijaya, in an Ayurvedic context, may refer to specific medicinal formulations or a type of Parpati known for addressing particular health concerns. The name indicates the formulation's effectiveness and the intention behind its use.
47) Valuka (Vālukā, Valūka):
Valuka refers to the heating apparatus used in the process of preparing Ayurvedic medicines. Its design allows for precision in managing temperature, crucial for achieving the right consistency and therapeutic value in Parpati preparations.
48) Silver:
Silver is a precious metal often incorporated in Ayurvedic formulations for its therapeutic properties. In Parpati preparations, Silver contributes to the overall efficacy, particularly in enhancing the treatment of specific ailments and reinforcing the medicinal qualities of the formulation.
49) Khara (Khāra):
Khara indicates a stage in the preparation of Parpati that results in a hard, brittle consistency. At this stage, the product is often unsuitable for therapeutic use, underscoring the importance of careful monitoring during the preparation process.
50) Mridu (Mṛdu):
Mridu signifies softness and is used to describe preparations that have not fully hardened. In the context of Parpati, achieving Mridu-paka is vital to ensure that the final product maintains desired therapeutic properties.
51) Malla (Mallā, Mālla):
Malla refers to a specific kind of Parpati that does not contain mercury or sulfur as primary ingredients. This formulation is valued for its therapeutic applications and highlights the flexibility in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations.
52) Papad:
Papad signifies a thin, flake-like preparation characteristic of Parpati. Its form not only defines the visual aspect of the product but also its intended use and effectiveness in therapeutic applications.
53) Table:
Table refers to a structured format for presenting data or observations. In the context of this study, various tables are used to summarize properties, comparisons, or guidelines related to the preparation and use of Parpati formulations.
54) Meat:
Meat is a dietary component considered in Ayurvedic practices regarding dietary recommendations during treatments. In the case of Parpati, specific instructions and restrictions around meat consumption aid in optimizing the effectiveness of the formulation.
55) Life:
Life within Ayurveda encompasses concepts of health, vitality, and well-being. The formulations like Parpati are designed to enhance life outcomes by addressing imbalances and promoting physical and mental wellness.
56) Gold (Golden):
Gold is a metal prized in Ayurvedic formulations for its medicinal properties. It is often used in Parpati preparations to enhance therapeutic benefits, emphasizing the role of precious metals in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
57) Peacock feather:
Peacock feather signifies a specific quality of the prepared Parpati during its consistency stage. The shimmering appearance resembling peacock feathers is desired in certain types of Parpati, indicating proper processing and quality of the final product.
58) Precious stone:
Precious stones are sometimes included in Ayurvedic formulations, providing unique therapeutic benefits. Their incorporation in compounds like Parpati highlights the blend of minerals, metals, and gemstones to enhance the overall healing properties of the treatment.
59) Mustard oil:
Mustard oil is commonly used in Ayurvedic cooking and treatments. In regards to Parpati preparations, specific dietary restrictions may advise avoiding mustard oil to ensure the effectiveness of the formulation and to reduce potential interactions.
60) Shuddhaparada (Śuddhapārada, Shuddha-parada):
Shuddha-parada refers to purified mercury, which is considered a foundational ingredient in many Ayurvedic formulations, including Parpati. The purification process is vital to eliminate toxicity and ensure the safety and efficacy of the final preparations.
61) Khalvayantra (Khalva-yantra):
Khalva-yantra is a traditional apparatus specifically designed for grinding and mixing ingredients in Ayurvedic formulations. The use of Khalva enhances the effective blending of substances, which is critical in the preparation of medicinals like Parpati.
62) Dhatubhasma (Dhātubhasma, Dhatu-bhasma):
Dhatu-bhasma refers to ash obtained from metals that have been purified and processed in Ayurveda. This potent form of medicine allows for the incorporation of essential minerals into formulations like Parpati, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
63) Tiktadravya (Tikta-dravya):
Tikta-dravya refers to bitter substances used in Ayurvedic treatments. Certain preparations like Parpati may incorporate these bitter herbs to enhance therapeutic effects and detoxify the body.
64) Anupamamsa (Ānūpamāṃsa, Anupa-mamsa):
Anupa-mamsa pertains to the consumption limitations of particular types of meat during Ayurvedic treatments. This term indicates the careful consideration of dietary choices essential for optimizing the health outcomes of patients using formulations like Parpati.
65) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformed denotes the change that occurs during the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines, specifically how raw ingredients evolve into therapeutically active forms. The transformation is critical in Parpati, as it enhances efficacy and safety.
66) Agnimandya (Agnimāndya, Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya refers to a condition of low digestive capability in Ayurvedic terms. Parpati preparations are often indicated for treating Agnimandya, showcasing their role in improving digestive processes and restoring balance.
67) Saptamrita (Saptāmṛta, Sapta-amrita):
Saptamrita refers to a formulation consisting of seven ingredients in Ayurvedic practice. Similar to Parpati, these types of formulations are recognized for their synergistic effects, blending multiple therapeutic elements to target specific health issues.
68) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk, or Takra, is commonly used in Ayurveda as a digestive aid and accompaniment to various treatments. Its inclusion with Parpati is often recommended for enhancing therapeutic effects and improving digestion during the treatment period.
69) Nagarjuna (Nāgārjuna):
Nagarjuna was a prominent ancient sage known for his contributions to Rasashastra. His teachings laid the groundwork for many Ayurvedic practices, including the preparation of substances like Parpati, emphasizing the importance of alchemical methods in health care.
70) Amlapitta (Amla-pitta):
Amlapitta refers to a condition characterized by hyperacidity or acid dyspepsia in Ayurvedic terms. Parpati formulations are useful in managing Amlapitta by addressing digestive imbalances and restoring gastrointestinal health.
71) Parpatika (Parpaṭikā):
Parpatika is another term denoting a type of Parpati preparation documented in traditional texts. This synonym reflects the variations and categorizations of Parpati based on the specific methods of preparation and the ingredients used.
72) Kharapaka (Kharapāka):
Kharapaka refers to the stage where a preparation becomes hard and brittle, often unsuitable for therapeutic uses. Monitoring the transition to Kharapaka is vital during the preparation of Parpati to ensure that desired properties are achieved.
73) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes the balance of body, mind, and spirit. It encompasses a holistic approach to health and healing, utilizing a variety of formulations, including Parpati, to promote overall well-being.
74) Apasmara (Apasmāra):
Apasmara refers to a condition akin to epilepsy in Ayurvedic literature. Parpati is indicated in the management of Apasmara symptoms, enhancing the potential for successful treatment through well-formulated Ayurvedic preparations.
75) Godugdha:
Godugdha is another name for cow's milk, a significant dietary component in Ayurveda. It is often recommended as an Anupana, or accompanying substance, to enhance the effectiveness of treatments like Parpati.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 154]