Anticonvulsant activity of Pavetta tomentosa in MES and PTZ epilepsy.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of pavetta tomentosa linn. in mes and ptz induced epilepsy
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Epilepsy is a significant neurological disorder impacting approximately 0.8% of the global population. Although considerable advancements have been made in antiepileptic pharmacotherapy over recent decades, challenges such as side effects, long-term toxicity, and a significant portion of patients being refractory to treatment persist. Traditional herbal medicines, such as those derived from plants, have been highlighted as viable alternatives due to their diverse pharmacological properties and historical use. The study at hand evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of Pavetta tomentosa Linn, which has been traditionally used to manage epilepsy symptoms, thereby providing scientific validation for its ethno-medicinal application.
The Role of Neurotransmitters in Seizures
One critical aspect of epilepsy involves the dysfunction of neurotransmitter systems in the brain, particularly the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, often dominates GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, leading to seizures. The current study emphasizes this imbalance and its implication in seizure activities. It underlines the importance of targeting these neurotransmission pathways in the development of effective treatment alternatives for epilepsy, particularly through herbal medications that might modulate these neurotransmitters.
Anticonvulsant Activity of Pavetta tomentosa
The study investigated the anticonvulsant effects of ethanolic extracts of Pavetta tomentosa in various experimental models, specifically focusing on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. The results demonstrated that the extracts provided significant protection against seizures, with dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg showing 65.20% and 70.29% protection against MES, and 60.77% and 81.5% protection against PTZ, respectively. These findings suggest a strong potential for Pavetta tomentosa as a natural anticonvulsant, highlighting the need for further research into its mechanisms of action.
Safety and Efficacy Observations
During the acute toxicity study, no mortality was noted even at high doses, indicating the extract's relative safety. The extract showed a significant effect in reducing the duration of convulsions and increasing the onset of clonic convulsions, thus suggesting a favorable profile compared to traditional antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin and diazepam. The study indicates that Pavetta tomentosa not only mitigates seizure severity but does so without the adverse effects commonly associated with synthetic medications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Pavetta tomentosa Linn exhibits notable anticonvulsant properties in both MES and PTZ-induced epilepsy models, thereby supporting its traditional use in managing seizure disorders. The study opens avenues for further investigations to isolate active constituents of the plant and to explore their effects on various epilepsy types. As the search for more effective and safer treatment options for epilepsy continues, herbal remedies such as Pavetta tomentosa may offer promising alternatives worth exploring in clinical settings.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Bibhu Prasad Moharana, Sujit Kumar Martha, Pratit Kanchan Sahu,Ansuman Sahu
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of pavetta tomentosa linn. in mes and ptz induced epilepsy
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of the study on Pavetta tomentosa?
The study aims to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Pavetta tomentosa in mice models of epilepsy, specifically using maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures.
How was the extract of Pavetta tomentosa prepared for the study?
The bark of Pavetta tomentosa was dried, powdered, and subjected to hot solvent extraction using ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus, resulting in a concentrated extract with a yield of 17.5%.
What were the dosages used for the extract in the study?
The ethanolic extract of Pavetta tomentosa was administered at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg to assess its anticonvulsant effects in experimental mice.
What were the results of the anticonvulsant activity tests?
The extract showed 65.20% and 70.29% protection against MES seizures and 60.77% and 81.5% protection against PTZ seizures at the respective doses tested.
What significance does GABA have in this study?
GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain; enhancing GABAergic activity may be a mechanism through which Pavetta tomentosa exerts its anticonvulsant effects in the seizure models.
What conclusion was drawn from the study's findings?
The study concluded that ethanolic extract of Pavetta tomentosa demonstrates significant anticonvulsant properties, warranting further investigation to isolate active compounds and explore effects on other seizure types.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anticonvulsant activity of Pavetta tomentosa in MES and PTZ epilepsy.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Animal:
In this study, mice are utilized as experimental subjects to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Pavetta tomentosa. The choice of animal model is crucial in pharmacological research, allowing for controlled conditions and insights into human-related biological responses, particularly for neurological conditions such as epilepsy.
2) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures due to atypical electrical activity in the brain. Understanding its etiology helps in discovering effective treatments. This study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant properties of Pavetta tomentosa, which is traditionally used in folk medicine for epilepsy management, thus bridging traditional knowledge with research.
3) Drug:
In the context of this study, 'drug' refers to pharmacologically active compounds aimed at preventing or treating seizures. The study contrasts the efficacy of traditional herbal extracts against synthetic drugs, revealing the potential of natural alternatives in managing epilepsy while minimizing side effects associated with conventional medication.
4) Activity:
The term 'activity' pertains to the efficacy of Pavetta tomentosa in reducing or preventing seizure episodes in the tested animal models. Assessing anticonvulsant activity is vital for determining the viability of herbal extracts as therapeutic agents, leading to possible new treatments for epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
5) Study (Studying):
The research explores the anticonvulsant effects of Pavetta tomentosa through scientifically rigorous methods, contributing to our understanding of its potential therapeutic uses. This study is significant because it assesses the validity of traditional claims using empirical research, thereby enhancing the relevance of ethnomedicine in modern pharmacology.
6) Toxicity:
The study includes an acute toxicity assessment, determining the safety of Pavetta tomentosa at various doses. Monitoring signs of toxicity in animal models is essential for understanding potential side effects and establishing a safe dosage range that can further guide therapeutic applications for humans.
7) Jeypore:
Jeypore, the location of the Jeypore College of Pharmacy, serves as a backdrop for this research. The regional context enriches the study by connecting local traditional uses of medicinal plants to scientific exploration, highlighting the importance of geographical factors in ethnobotanical research and pharmacotherapy.
8) Table:
Tables in the study present concise data regarding the findings of anticonvulsant activity, comparing results of various treatments. Tables are vital for clarity, enabling readers to analyze and interpret findings quickly, contributing to the overall credibility of the research presented in this scientific article.
9) Observation:
Observation is foundational in scientific research, particularly in behavioral studies involving animal models. The systematic observations made during the experiments allow for the collection of data regarding seizure activity and treatment efficacy, forming the basis for conclusions about Pavetta tomentosa’s anticonvulsant effects.
10) Medicine:
The study links traditional medicinal practices to contemporary scientific research, highlighting the importance of herbal medicine in treating ailments such as epilepsy. By evaluating Pavetta tomentosa within a pharmaceutical context, the research aims to validate and potentially integrate natural remedies into modern therapeutic regimes.
11) India:
India's rich biodiversity and cultural history of herbal medicine provide a unique platform for investigating plant-based treatments. The study of Pavetta tomentosa reflects the country's ethnobotanical heritage, showcasing the continued relevance of traditional practices in the quest for effective and safe therapeutic alternatives.
12) Pharmacotherapy:
Pharmacotherapy emphasizes the medication aspect of disease management. This study contributes to the field by researching the efficacy of a natural extract, potentially offering a novel approach in pharmacotherapy for epilepsy, with implications for improved patient outcomes and reduced reliance on synthetic drugs.
13) Tirupati (Thirupati, Tiruppaṭi):
Tirupati, located in Andhra Pradesh, serves as the collection site for Pavetta tomentosa bark. The regional use and availability of plants play a critical role in pharmacological studies, influencing the types of traditional remedies studied and the cultural significance of herbal treatments within local communities.
14) Andhra (Āndhra, Amdhra):
Andhra Pradesh is a state in India known for its diverse flora and traditional medicine practices. This geographical context is important as it underlines the cultural significance of Pavetta tomentosa in local folklore, contributing to the motivation and rationale behind the study of its anticonvulsant properties.
15) Powder:
The mention of 'powder' refers to the preparation process of the bark of Pavetta tomentosa for extraction. Proper preparation of plant materials is vital for isolating active compounds, which affects the study’s outcomes by determining the availability of bioactive substances in the final herbal extract used for testing.
16) Sahu (Sāhu):
Pratit Kanchan Sahu is one of the authors involved in this research project. Collaboration among researchers enhances the study's quality by pooling diverse expertise and perspectives, crucial for accurately interpreting results and ensuring rigorous methodological standards in the experimental design.
17) Hind (Hiṇḍ):
Hind refers to Hindustan Lever Limited, the supplier of the standard pellet feed used in the study. The quality of animal feed can significantly influence experimental results, making it crucial for ensuring that animals receive adequate nutrition during the trials for anticonvulsant activity.
18) Sign:
Sign communicates the statistical significance of the results obtained during the study. Understanding whether the outcomes of treatment with Pavetta tomentosa are statistically significant allows researchers to validate their findings and further recommend the extract for potential therapeutic use in managing epilepsy.
19) Cage (Cāge):
Cages are employed in the experiment to house the mice, providing a controlled environment for observing seizures and treatments. The design and maintenance of cages are critical for ensuring animal welfare, emphasizing the ethical considerations essential in conducting pharmacological research.
20) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of how substances interact with biological systems. This research examines the pharmacological properties of Pavetta tomentosa, aiming to elucidate its mechanisms of action, paving the way for potential new therapeutic applications based on its traditional uses.
21) Discussion:
The discussion section interprets the findings of the study, contextualizing results within existing literature. It serves to synthesize insights on the anticonvulsant activity observed, promoting deeper understanding and highlighting future research directions that could emerge from these initial findings.
22) Developing:
The term 'developing' outlines the context of the study within emerging healthcare paradigms. It suggests that researchers aim to explore and validate alternative treatments in regions with less access to conventional pharmacotherapy, fostering new possibilities for effective healthcare solutions using herbal medicines.
23) Science (Scientific):
Scientific rigor underpins the research project, emphasizing the necessity for empirically testing traditional claims regarding Pavetta tomentosa. By applying structured methodologies and data analysis, the study adheres to accepted research principles, contributing to the body of knowledge in pharmacology and neurology.
24) Observing:
Observing refers to the continuous monitoring of the experimental animals during trials. Rigorous observation is critical for accurately documenting seizure activity and response to treatments, ensuring that researchers can effectively analyze the efficacy of Pavetta tomentosa within the experimental framework.
25) Madhava (Mādhava, Mādhavā):
Dr. K. Madhava Chetty, who authenticated the plant material used in the study, adds credibility to the research. Proper identification and authentication of plant species are crucial for ensuring the reliability of the findings, as misidentification could lead to erroneous conclusions about the plant's medicinal properties.
26) Kanchan:
Pratit Kanchan Sahu, as an author of the study, signifies the collaborative nature of research, particularly in pharmacognosy. The diverse backgrounds and specialist skills of researchers contribute to comprehensive analyses of plant properties, aiding in the validation of traditional medicine through scientific scrutiny.
27) Channel:
Channel refers to voltage-dependent sodium channels that are targeted by many anticonvulsant drugs, like phenytoin. Understanding how Pavetta tomentosa interacts with such channels can reveal mechanisms of action, helping to clarify its anticonvulsant effects and potential therapeutic applications.
28) Disease:
The term 'disease' relates to epilepsy as a central nervous system disorder characterized by recurring seizures. Addressing the complexities of managing such diseases necessitates identifying alternative treatment options, particularly those derived from traditional medicinal practices, as highlighted in this herbal study.
29) Malaya (Mālaya):
Malaya is mentioned in the context of the geographical distribution of Pavetta tomentosa. Understanding the plant's native habitats informs researchers about its ecological significance and potential variations in phytochemical compositions, which may influence its therapeutic properties in different climatic conditions.
30) Martha:
Sujit Kumar Martha is one of the contributing authors in this research. His involvement enhances the depth of expertise in the study, reflecting the collaborative effort necessary to explore the medicinal potential of plants like Pavetta tomentosa, which may lead to new therapeutic insights.
31) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic classification of plants, in this case, Rubiaceae. Identifying the family is essential for understanding the broader phytochemical properties shared among related species, which can guide drug development and reveal potential therapeutic agents stemming from similar botanical lineages.
32) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, crucial for identifying and understanding the medicinal properties of species like Pavetta tomentosa. Insights gained from botany enhance ethnopharmacological research and support the validation of traditional medicinal knowledge through scientific exploration.
33) Kumar (Kumār):
Sujit Kumar Martha’s name highlights individual contributions to the research team, emphasizing the collaborative nature of scientific investigation. His work in the study reflects the importance of teamwork in driving forward research on medicinal plants and their pharmacological properties.
34) Water:
Water is essential for all biological organisms and plays a vital role in the experimental setup. Providing adequate hydration to the animals is crucial for maintaining their health during the study, ensuring that any observed effects of treatments are not confounded by dehydration or related stress.
35) Cina (Cīna, Cīnā, Ciṉa, Ciṉā, Cīṉā, Cinā):
China is mentioned in the study in relation to the geographical range of Pavetta tomentosa. This implies that the medicinal use of the plant is not only localized to India but is part of a broader cultural and historical tradition surrounding herbal remedies, demonstrating its significance across different regions.