Enumertion of endophytic bacteria from solanum trilobatum l.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Enumertion of endophytic bacteria from solanum trilobatum l.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Bhuvaneswari, S., Madhavan, S. and Panneerselvam, A.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Enumertion of endophytic bacteria from solanum trilobatum l.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Endophytic bacteria are beneficial microorganisms residing within plant tissues without harming the host. They play significant roles in plant health, promoting growth and producing bioactive compounds that can have pharmaceutical applications. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from the medicinal plant Solanum trilobatum L., which is known for its traditional medicinal uses, including the treatment of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma.
Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria
The research involved isolating 15 bacterial endophytes from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum L. using Nutrient Agar and Luria Bertani (LB) media. Out of the 15 isolates, 12 were Gram-positive and 3 were Gram-negative. The method emphasized the importance of effective surface sterilization of leaves to eliminate any surface microorganisms, thereby ensuring that only true endophytes were cultivated. The intercellular environments provided a suitable niche for isolating these beneficial bacteria.
Characterization of Bacterial Endophytes
The endophytic bacterial isolates underwent morphological and biochemical characterization. Various tests, including Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, indole production, and carbohydrate fermentation, were conducted to identify the isolates. The findings showed a diverse range of bacterial species, including strains such as Deinococcus radiopugnans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae among others. This classification lays the foundation for understanding the ecological roles these bacteria may play within their host.
Medicinal Significance of Solanum trilobatum
Solanum trilobatum L. holds considerable medicinal importance as it contains various bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects. The plant has been recognized in traditional Indian medicine for addressing several health issues. The endophytic bacteria isolated from this plant are hypothesized to produce valuable secondary metabolites, possibly enhancing the plant's medicinal properties. Previous studies have linked endophytic microorganisms to the production of novel bioactive compounds, indicating a symbiotic relationship that may benefit both the bacteria and host plant.
Conclusion
The study on the endophytic bacteria from Solanum trilobatum L. highlights their potential for future research into bioactive compounds that could have considerable economic and pharmaceutical importance. By isolating and characterizing these beneficial microorganisms, researchers can pave the way for discovering new natural products with medicinal properties. The findings underscore the need for further exploration of the interactions between endophytes and their host plants, which could unveil novel opportunities in drug development and agricultural sustainability.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are endophytic bacteria and their role in plants?
Endophytic bacteria are beneficial microbes living within plant tissues without harming them. They are known to promote plant growth and can produce bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications.
What medicinal properties does Solanum trilobatum possess?
Solanum trilobatum is used in traditional medicine for ailments like tuberculosis, respiratory issues, and bronchial asthma. It contains various chemical compounds that exhibit anti-tumor, anti-ulcerogenic, and ovicidal activities.
How were endophytic bacteria isolated from Solanum trilobatum?
Bacterial endophytes were isolated using Nutrient Agar and Luria Bertani agar after surface sterilizing fresh leaves. This involved washing, immersing in ethanol and sodium hypochlorite, and incubating leaf fragments in culture medium.
What types of bacteria were identified in Solanum trilobatum?
A total of 15 bacterial endophytes were isolated, including 12 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative strains. These included species like Deinococcus radiopugnans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
What methods were used for identifying the endophytic bacteria?
Identification involved both morphological and biochemical characterization, including tests for Gram staining, motility, catalase activity, sugar fermentation, and more to ascertain the specific bacterial strains.
Why is research on endophytic bacteria important?
Research on endophytic bacteria helps in understanding their potential medicinal properties and exploring applications in biotechnology, particularly in discovering economically and pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Enumertion of endophytic bacteria from solanum trilobatum l.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Surface:
The term 'Surface' refers to the external layer of the plant tissue from which endophytic bacteria were isolated. Surface sterilization techniques were employed to eliminate any microorganisms residing on the plant surface, ensuring that the bacteria subsequently isolated were indeed endophytes living within the plant's internal structures, crucial for the study's accuracy.
2) India:
India is significant as the geographical context where the plant Solanum trilobatum and its endophytic bacteria were studied. The country hosts diverse flora and rich traditional medicinal practices, making it an ideal location for investigating endophytes that may possess pharmacological properties, linked to the local population's healthcare.
3) Species:
The term 'Species' denotes the distinct classification of organisms, particularly in biology for differentiating among plant or bacterial varieties. In this research, various bacterial species were isolated from Solanum trilobatum, each potentially possessing unique biochemical properties that can contribute to understanding plant-microbe interactions and their medicinal benefits.
4) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the language spoken in the region where the study was conducted. It also reflects the cultural heritage of the area, which values traditional plant-based medicines. Understanding the vernacular names of plants like Solanum trilobatum enhances local engagement and recognition in medicinal contexts.
5) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamilnadu, or Tamil Nadu, is a state in India that provides a rich diversity of medicinal plants like Solanum trilobatum. Its geographical and climatic conditions promote unique plant and microbial interactions, making the research relevant in understanding local biodiversity and its applications in traditional and modern medicine.
6) Medium:
In microbiology, 'Medium' refers to various growth environments such as Nutrient Agar and Luria Bertani that support the cultivation of bacteria. The choice of culture medium is critical in isolating respective endophytic bacteria from plant tissues, influencing the growth and differentiation of microbial species during the study.
7) Nadu (Nāḍu):
The term 'Nadu' is part of 'Tamil Nadu', referring to the state in South India. It carries cultural and historical significance, placing the research within the rich biological diversity and traditional medicinal practices of the region, reflecting a connection to the local flora and its uses in indigenous medicine.
8) Aureus:
Aureus, as in 'Staphylococcus aureus', is a species of bacteria isolated in the study. This particular bacterium is known for its pathogenic potential but may also exhibit beneficial properties. Its identification in endophytic bacteria from Solanum trilobatum stresses the importance of studying both beneficial and harmful bacteria in medicinal plants.
9) Botany:
Botany, the scientific study of plant life, plays a crucial role in the context of this research. Investigating endophytic bacteria involves understanding plant biology, ecology, and the relationships between plants and their microbial inhabitants, which is fundamental for applications in biotechnology and pharmacology.
10) Water:
Water is vital for all forms of life, including bacteria and plants. In this study, sterile distilled water was used in surface sterilization and culturing processes. The effective use of water ensures the elimination of contaminants, allowing the isolation of true endophytic bacteria from the plant's internal tissues.
11) Sugar:
Referring to tests such as the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test, 'Sugar' in microbiology indicates the presence of fermentable substrates used to identify bacterial species based on their metabolic capabilities. This is relevant in determining the biochemical characteristics of the isolated endophytic bacteria from the plant.
12) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' encompasses the systematic investigation of endophytic bacteria in Solanum trilobatum. It reflects the analytical processes employed to isolate, identify, and characterize the bacteria, and contributes to the broader understanding of their potential medicinal properties and ecological roles in plant health and growth.
13) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is a city in Tamil Nadu, known for its historical significance and agricultural biodiversity. Its biodiversity supports various plant species, including medicinal plants like Solanum trilobatum. The region contributes to the research's context, emphasizing the local flora's role in traditional medicine and their microbial associations.
14) Activity:
Activity in the context of this study refers to the biological actions or responses exhibited by the isolated endophytic bacteria. These activities could include the production of bioactive compounds that may confer benefits to the host plant or have therapeutic applications, emphasizing the importance of microbial interactions.
15) Trichy:
Trichy, or Tiruchirappalli, is a city in Tamil Nadu where one of the research institutions is located. Its proximity to agricultural and medicinal biodiversity strengthens the study's relevance, as local plants and their associated endophytic bacteria can be explored for potential medicinal applications.
16) Family:
In biological classification, 'Family' represents a rank higher than genus, grouping related plants or organisms. In this research, recognizing the family Solanaceae of Solanum trilobatum helps contextualize its ecological relations and potential interactions with various endophytic bacteria known to inhabit related species.
17) Genu (Geṇu):
The correct term here should be 'Genus.' In biological nomenclature, 'Genus' groups species based on shared characteristics. Understanding the genus of a plant like Solanum trilobatum underscores its ecological relationships and the importance of its associated endophytic bacteria, enabling targeted research into their health benefits.
18) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is a respiratory condition extensively treated by traditional medicine using plants like Solanum trilobatum. This term highlights the significance of the studied medicinal plant in treating prevalent illnesses within the region, contributing to the broader understanding of its endophytic bacteria's potential therapeutic effects.
19) Southern India:
Southern India refers to the geographical region where the research was conducted. This area is characterized by its rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. The study aims to explore the unique endophytic bacteria in the local flora, contributing to the medicinal landscape of Southern India.
20) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that can be treated with medicinal plants known from traditional practices. Mentioning tuberculosis in relation to Solanum trilobatum connects the research to significant health issues, emphasizing the relevance of investigating the plant's endophytic bacteria for potential antimicrobial properties.
21) Discussion:
The 'Discussion' section in research papers analyzes the results obtained, correlating findings with existing literature and addressing implications or future directions. This element enhances the understanding of the role of endophytic bacteria in Solanum trilobatum and their potential applications in medicine and agriculture.
22) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the methodological approach taken in research to study endophytic bacteria within a framework of hypothesis testing and evidence gathering. Emphasizing a scientific methodology underlines the rigor needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the interactions between the bacteria and the medicinal properties of Solanum trilobatum.
23) Tiruvarur (Tiruvārūr):
Thiruvarur is a district in Tamil Nadu known for its agricultural biodiversity. Its relevance in the study lies in the local availability of Solanum trilobatum and potentially rich associations of endophytic bacteria. Research conducted in such an area emphasizes the connection between ecology and traditional medicine.
24) Medicine:
Medicine here signifies the branch of science related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. This research on endophytic bacteria from Solanum trilobatum holds potential implications for discovering new medicinal compounds, ultimately contributing to broader medical knowledge and pharmaceutical applications.
25) Matavan (Mātavaṉ, Maṭavaṉ, Mātavāṉ):
Madhavan is one of the co-authors involved in this research. The contribution of each author is crucial for the integrity of the study, as diverse expertise enhances the investigation's depth and reliability, enriching the understanding of the endophytic relationships and their potential medicinal benefits.
26) Disease:
Disease refers to any condition impairing normal bodily functions, often addressed through medicinal treatments. The research highlights the importance of Solanum trilobatum in traditional medicine to combat diseases like tuberculosis and asthma, underlining the therapeutic relevance of studying its associated microbial communities.
27) Indian:
Indian refers to anything related to India, including its diverse cultures, traditions, and medicinal practices. This term underscores the traditional use of plants like Solanum trilobatum in Indian medicine, providing context for the exploration of serious health issues and the potential benefits of their associated endophytic bacteria.
28) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar is another co-author that signifies collaboration in the research. Each author's participation indicates the multidisciplinary approach necessary to explore complex biological systems like endophytes in medicinal plants, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and enhancing credibility in research findings.
29) Table:
A 'Table' in research refers to a structured arrangement of data. In this context, it summarizes the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated endophytic bacteria from Solanum trilobatum, facilitating easier comprehension and comparison of the diverse bacterial species identified during the study.
30) Devi (Devī):
Devi is associated as one of the co-authors of the study. Having multiple authors collaborating in research signifies diverse perspectives and expertise, which contribute to a more thorough examination of endophytic bacteria in plants, enhancing the overall quality and credibility of the scientific findings.
31) Tree:
In botany, 'Tree' signifies larger perennial plants that may also host endophytic bacteria. While Solanum trilobatum is not a tree, the study may draw comparisons with endophytes associated with various woody species, influencing the understanding of microbial diversity in relation to plant size and ecological niches.
32) Crop:
In agricultural terms, 'Crop' refers to cultivated plants, which could include Solanum trilobatum as a medicinal herb. Understanding the endophytic bacteria in crops is vital for agricultural practices, as beneficial microbes can enhance plant growth and resilience to diseases, impacting crop yield and quality.