Antioxidant and free radical scavenging in Poshita Withania somnifera.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of in vitro and in vivo regenratd leaf, stem and root tissues of withania somnifera- poshita variety
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is a significant medicinal plant widely recognized for its properties in traditional medicine. It is particularly valued for its antioxidant capabilities, which are pivotal in combating oxidative stress and related ailments. The present study focuses on evaluating both the antioxidant activity and the free radical scavenging potential of in vitro and in vivo regenerated leaves, stems, and roots of the Poshita variety of Withania somnifera. Given that many people, particularly in developing regions, rely on medicinal plants for health-related issues, this research asserts the importance of understanding the bioactive compounds present in such plants.
Antioxidant Activity of Withania somnifera
The study reveals that various parts of the regenerated Withania somnifera exhibit significant antioxidant activities, which can be attributed to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. The enzymatic antioxidants measured include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Among these, SOD and catalase activities were found to be higher in in vitro regenerated roots, while peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities peaked in in vitro regenerated leaves. This highlights the role of specific plant parts in providing antioxidant defenses against free radical-induced cellular damage.
Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Their Importance
In addition to enzymatic activity, the study emphasizes the presence of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. The in vitro regenerated leaves showed significantly higher levels of these compounds compared to the stem and root, indicating their potent capability to mitigate oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid, for instance, plays a critical role in protecting lipids from peroxidative damage, while tocopherols function as lipid-soluble antioxidants, essential for cellular membrane integrity. These findings underscore the importance of regenerating plant tissues in optimizing the antioxidant content attributed to various physiological benefits.
Free Radical Scavenging Activities
The study also investigated the free radical scavenging activities of extracts derived from different parts of Withania somnifera. The methanolic extracts displayed the most significant scavenging effects against several free radicals, including DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, extracts from chloroform and ethyl acetate showed less radical scavenging ability. These results indicate that the methanolic extracts not only encapsulate high levels of antioxidant compounds but are also effective in combating various forms of oxidative stress, thereby highlighting their potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusion
The findings of this study reaffirm the antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Withania somnifera, particularly highlighting the superior activity in in vitro regenerated plant parts. Given the growing interest in herbal medicine and the therapeutic benefits of antioxidants, further research is necessary to isolate the active principles from these extracts. Additionally, pharmacological validation in modern medical contexts could enhance the understanding of their medicinal importance, paving the way for new applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries that harness their antioxidant properties.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Viji M.O., Parvatham R
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of in vitro and in vivo regenratd leaf, stem and root tissues of withania somnifera- poshita variety
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the potential health benefits of Withania somnifera?
Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha, is known for its antioxidant properties, which help in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. It may play a role in combating diseases like cancer and enhancing overall health.
How was the antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera evaluated?
The antioxidant activity was evaluated through enzymatic assays measuring superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities, along with non-enzymatic components like ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and carotenoids, across different plant parts.
Which plant parts of Withania somnifera were analyzed for antioxidant activity?
The study analyzed leaves, stems, and roots of both in vitro and in vivo regenerated Withania somnifera – Poshita variety for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.
What type of extraction methods were used in this study?
The study utilized chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol to extract bioactive compounds from the dried powdered samples of Withania somnifera for testing their antioxidant properties.
What were the findings regarding the enzymatic antioxidants?
The study found that in vitro regenerated leaves showed the highest activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase compared to in vivo samples.
What is the conclusion of the study on Withania somnifera?
The study concluded that both in vitro and in vivo regenerated parts of Withania somnifera exhibit significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activity, suggesting their potential use in pharmaceuticals and dietary applications.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antioxidant and free radical scavenging in Poshita Withania somnifera.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the measured effectiveness of a substance, particularly in the context of enzymes and antioxidants in the study. The antioxidant activity investigates how well different plant extracts can neutralize free radicals, which is crucial for preventing damage to cells and tissues in biological systems.
2) Withania somnifera:
Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, is a medicinal plant renowned for its therapeutic properties. The study focuses on this particular species to assess its antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits, highlighting its role in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology for disease prevention and treatment.
3) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds with antioxidant properties, known for their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. In the study, the levels of flavonoids in various extracts were measured, underscoring their relevance in promoting health and preventing diseases linked to oxidative damage.
4) Pharmacological:
The term pharmacological relates to the field of pharmacology, which investigates the properties and effects of drugs. The study of Withania somnifera emphasizes its pharmacological importance, particularly its potential in formulating new therapeutic agents to combat diseases, thus contributing to the advancement of medicine.
5) Substance:
Substance refers to the chemical compounds or extracts derived from Withania somnifera and other plants assessed for their antioxidant properties. In the context of the study, understanding the substance's effects on free radicals helps establish their potential health benefits and therapeutic uses in natural medicine.
6) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The research investigates the medicinal properties of Withania somnifera, advocating for its incorporation into medicinal practices, particularly in herbal and traditional medicine, due to its potent antioxidant and therapeutic effects.
7) Disease:
Disease signifies any health condition or disorder affecting normal body functions. The study highlights the potential of Withania somnifera's extracts in preventing diseases linked to oxidative stress and free radical damage, serving to underscore the plant's significance in traditional and modern health treatments.
8) Table:
Table refers to structured data presentations within the study that summarize the results of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. These tables provide clear comparisons and insights, facilitating the understanding of how different plant extracts perform in various assays and their respective advantages.
9) Study (Studying):
Study represents the scientific investigation conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Withania somnifera. It incorporates experimental methods to assess both in vitro and in vivo activities, contributing to the body of knowledge necessary for understanding medicinal plants and their health-promoting characteristics.
10) Species:
Species denotes a distinct group of organisms with common characteristics, in this case, Withania somnifera. Classifying this plant as a species allows researchers to focus on its specific properties, potential therapeutic effects, and applications in health-related fields, distinguishing it from other medicinal plants.
11) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent and medium in various biochemical reactions. In the context of the study, water likely serves as a solvent in the extraction process, facilitating the dissolution of bioactive compounds from Withania somnifera and aiding in evaluating its medicinal properties and effects.
12) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed for nutritional value, playing a vital role in maintaining health. The study’s exploration of Withania somnifera’s antioxidant properties implies potential dietary applications, emphasizing the plant's value in promoting health through the inclusion of antioxidant-rich foods in daily diets.
13) Human body:
The human body refers to the physical structure of humans, encompassing various systems that require protection from oxidative stress. The research focuses on how antioxidants from Withania somnifera assist in combating free radicals, contributing to overall health and the prevention of diseases in humans.
14) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India where significant portions of the study were conducted. Its geographical and cultural context adds relevance to the research, as local flora, including Withania somnifera, reflects the region's traditional medicine practices and contributes to the understanding of regional biodiversity.
15) Kerala (Keralā):
Kerala is another Indian state, emphasizing the collection of Withania somnifera seeds from the Central Institute of Medicinal Aromatic Plants. The state’s rich biodiversity and history of traditional medicine underline the importance of researching indigenous plants and their health benefits, contributing to regional healthcare practices.
16) Padma (Padmā, Pādma):
Padma likely refers to a co-author of the study, indicating collaborative research efforts. Authors like Padma contribute their expertise in botany, pharmacology, or biochemistry, essential for conducting robust investigations into the medicinal properties of plants and ensuring the study's credibility and rigor.
17) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the language spoken in Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, representing the cultural context in which traditional medicine practices are rooted. The use of local terminology reinforces the significance of traditional knowledge in researching the health benefits of indigenous plants like Withania somnifera.
18) Nadu (Nāḍu):
Nadu means 'land' in Tamil, forming part of the name Tamil Nadu. Understanding the socio-cultural aspects represented by 'Nadu' provides insights into how regional practices influence the use of medicinal plants, including Withania somnifera, for health and wellness among local populations.
19) Terminalia arjuna:
Terminalia arjuna is a significant medicinal tree recognized for its cardiovascular benefits. Mentioning this species in correlation with Withania somnifera emphasizes the broader context of herbal medicine, highlighting the importance of diverse plants in traditional practices to address various health issues and their roles as therapeutic agents.
20) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical refers to the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs derived from natural sources. This field is crucial in understanding the medicinal properties of Withania somnifera and other plants, enabling the identification of potential therapeutic compounds and their applications in medicine.
21) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical pertains to the bioactive compounds produced by plants, often responsible for their health benefits. The study of Withania somnifera focuses on analyzing its phytochemicals, supporting the search for natural antioxidants and their roles in preventing diseases as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.
22) Exposition:
Exposition refers to the exposure or presentation of ideas and information. In the study, the exposition regarding the antioxidant capacity of Withania somnifera serves to inform readers about its potential health implications, highlighting the need for increased awareness of traditional medicinal plants and their benefits in health care.
23) Developing:
Developing relates to the efforts of enhancing knowledge and practices, particularly in fields like herbal medicine and pharmacological research. This term underscores the need for ongoing research and development in understanding how natural products like Withania somnifera can contribute to modern medicinal practices worldwide.
24) Parvatham:
Parvatham likely refers to Parvatham R, the co-author of the study, indicating collaborative efforts in research. The contributions of researchers like Parvatham are essential to the rigor and credibility of the study, bringing in diverse expertise to explore the medicinal properties of Withania somnifera.
25) Container:
Container refers to the vessels used for storing and preparing samples during the experimental processes. In the study, the careful handling and storage of plant extracts in sterile containers ensure the validity and integrity of the results obtained from the antioxidant activity assessments.
26) Manikara (Maṇikāra, Mani-kara):
Manikara is the genus that includes species such as Manikara zapota, known for its sweet fruit. Mentioning Manikara in relation to antioxidant activities highlights the diversity of plants studied for their health benefits, drawing attention to the various natural sources of phytochemicals used in traditional and modern medicine.
27) Arjuna:
Arjuna denotes Terminalia arjuna, a tree renowned for its health benefits, particularly in treating heart-related conditions. Its inclusion in discussions alongside Withania somnifera illustrates the wealth of knowledge about herbal remedies in traditional medicine that continually informs current health practices and pharmacological research.
28) Cancer:
Cancer represents a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study highlights the role of antioxidants in combating oxidative stress, often involved in cancer development, emphasizing how natural compounds like those from Withania somnifera may offer protective effects against such diseases, promoting preventative healthcare.
29) Medium:
Medium refers to the growth environment for plants, in this context, MS hormone-free medium utilized for the in vitro regeneration of Withania somnifera. The choice of medium is critical for successful plant culture, influencing the growth and development of plant tissues necessary for subsequent antioxidant studies.
30) Animal:
Animal refers to organisms used in biology to study physiological processes. Although the study focuses primarily on plant extracts, understanding animal systems can provide insights into how antioxidants such as those derived from Withania somnifera may affect health, emphasizing translational research between plant biology and animal physiology.
31) Campu (Campū, Cāmpu):
Campu appears to be a typographical error and likely refers to 'Campus,' which denotes the location where the research was conducted. The campus setting, in this case, Avinashilingam Deemed University, symbolizes academic pursuits in plant research and the development of medicinal applications based on traditional knowledge.
32) Mishra (Miśra):
Misra denotes a key reference point for an established method used in the study. Citing Misra’s method for estimating enzyme activity emphasizes the reliance on established scientific protocols to ensure accuracy in the assessment of antioxidant properties of plant extracts like Withania somnifera.
33) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, a significant player in the field of herbal medicine and biodiversity. The geographical context enriches the study by situating Withania somnifera within a framework of traditional practices, local culture, and the ongoing exploration of its therapeutic applications.
34) Diet:
Diet pertains to the foods and drinks consumed, playing a vital role in health and disease prevention. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating antioxidant-rich foods, such as those derived from Withania somnifera and other plants, into daily diets for maintaining health and combating oxidative stress.
35) Salt (Salty):
Salt is a common dietary mineral primarily associated with sodium intake. While not the focus of the study, its mention in the context of dietary health indicates the relevance of nutritional balance in promoting health, potentially linking to overall well-being, alongside the investigation of antioxidants.
36) Drug:
Drug refers to a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease. The study's exploration of Withania somnifera's antioxidant properties suggests its potential to lead to the development of natural drugs aimed at mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases and enhancing overall health.