Mineral content and antioxidant properties of Caesalpinia mimosoides
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Mineral content, antimicrobial and radical scavenging potential of caesalpinia mimosoides lamk. (caesalpiniaceae)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Manasa M, Vivek M.N, Yashoda Kambar, Ramesh Kumar K.A, Prashith Kekuda T.R
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Mineral content, antimicrobial and radical scavenging potential of caesalpinia mimosoides lamk. (caesalpiniaceae)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the mineral content, antimicrobial properties, and radical scavenging potential of the plant Caesalpinia mimosoides, a small spiny tropical tree or climbing shrub native to regions like China, India, Myanmar, and Thailand. The research focuses on the methanol extracts from various parts of the plant—root, fruit, leaf, and flower—analyzing their mineral composition through the ICP-OES technique and evaluating their effectiveness against drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the extracts is assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, as the presence of mineral elements and phytochemicals in this plant highlights its potential health benefits.
Mineral Content
The analysis of mineral elements in C. mimosoides revealed significant quantities of calcium and potassium, noted as the major elements, with iron being the most prevalent among the minor elements. The study specified that various extracts contained differing mineral profiles, with fruit extracts showing high levels of potassium, while root extracts had the highest iron concentration. Such mineral content indicates the plant's potential as a source of essential nutrients that play vital roles in human physiology, further underscoring its dietary significance and therapeutic potential.
Antimicrobial Activity
The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed against five drug-resistant uropathogens through the agar well diffusion assay. Results indicated that the extracts, particularly from the fruit and leaf, exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the tested Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, compared to Gram-negative bacteria which showed lower susceptibility. This suggests that C. mimosoides can be a viable natural alternative in combatting antibiotic-resistant infections, echoing the traditional medicinal uses of the plant in various cultures.
Radical Scavenging Potential
The DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated that all extracts of C. mimosoides possessed antioxidant properties, with the fruit extract displaying the highest scavenging efficiency, followed by leaf, flower, and root extracts. The study delineated the dose-dependent nature of radical scavenging, indicating that the extracts can neutralize free radicals effectively. The IC50 values calculated from the assay imply the extracts' potential as natural antioxidants that can mitigate oxidative stress, a contributor to various health disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion
The findings of this study emphasize the multifaceted value of C. mimosoides as an important source of essential minerals, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants. Given the significant antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant uropathogens and the substantial antioxidant properties, this plant presents a compelling case for further research and potential applications in dietary supplements and herbal medicine. Future in vivo studies will be essential to better understand the efficacy and safety of using C. mimosoides extracts in clinical settings, paving the way for its integration into modern therapeutics.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on Caesalpinia mimosoides?
The study focuses on estimating mineral content and assessing antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of methanol extracts from different parts of Caesalpinia mimosoides.
What methods were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity in the study?
The study employed the Agar well diffusion assay to test antibacterial activity against five drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens, using various extracts from the plant.
Which mineral elements were found in high concentration in C. mimosoides?
Calcium and potassium were identified as major elements in high concentration, while iron was the most abundant minor element among the various parts studied.
How effective were the extracts against drug-resistant bacteria?
The extracts displayed significant inhibitory activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, while showing less effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria.
What phytochemicals were detected in the extracts of C. mimosoides?
The extracts contained steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins, while alkaloids and saponins were not detected in any part of the plant.
What was the radical scavenging activity of the extracts?
The extracts demonstrated dose-dependent radical scavenging activity, with fruit extract showing the highest efficiency in scavenging DPPH radicals, surpassing other extracts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mineral content and antioxidant properties of Caesalpinia mimosoides”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional roles exhibited by various compounds within the study. In the context of the research, it highlights the antimicrobial and radical scavenging properties of Caelpinia mimosoides extracts, demonstrating their potential benefits against pathogens and oxidative stress, essential in medicinal applications.
2) Mineral:
Minerals are essential inorganic nutrients that play critical roles in biochemical processes and overall health. In this study, Caelpinia mimosoides was analyzed for its mineral content, showcasing its potential as a dietary source for vital minerals important for physiological functions and disease prevention.
3) Study (Studying):
The study serves as an investigation into the mineral composition, antimicrobial properties, and radical scavenging activities of Caelpinia mimosoides. It is significant in the broader context of herbal medicine and phytochemistry, contributing to scientific knowledge regarding plant-based therapies and their efficacy.
4) Disease:
Disease in this study primarily refers to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and fungal infections, which impact human health significantly. By exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts, the study addresses the need for alternative treatments amid growing antibiotic resistance.
5) Drug:
Drugs are substances used for medicinal purposes to treat diseases or infections. The study highlights the potential of natural extracts from Caelpinia mimosoides as alternative drug candidates to combat drug-resistant pathogens in urinary tract infections, emphasizing the importance of plant-derived pharmaceuticals.
6) Species:
Species denote specific groups of organisms, and in this context, Caesalpinia mimosoides is highlighted. Understanding species diversity is crucial for exploring the phytochemical properties and establishing a relationship between specific plants and their health benefits or medicinal properties.
7) Table:
Tables are used to present data systematically to aid comprehension of research findings. In this study, tables display mineral content, antimicrobial activity, and phytochemical components, allowing for clear visual representation and easy comparison of results across different plant parts.
8) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive chemical compounds produced by plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study importantly identifies various phytochemicals present in Caesalpinia mimosoides, linking them to observed biological activities, thereby establishing their significance in pharmacology.
9) Karnataka (Karṇāṭaka):
Karnataka is a state in India where the study took place, notably contributing to the local ethnopharmacology of plants. The regional significance emphasizes traditional knowledge about medicinal plants used in local practices and their potential for scientific exploration.
10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit bacterial growth. The study evaluates the antibacterial properties of Caesalpinia mimosoides extracts, crucial for finding new agents to combat drug-resistant strains, addressing public health concerns regarding antibiotic use.
11) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytonutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study assesses the presence of flavonoids in Caesalpinia mimosoides, suggesting their role in the plant's medicinal activity and potential health benefits.
12) Aureus:
Aureus, as in Staphylococcus aureus, is a common Gram-positive bacterium implicated in various infections, including skin and respiratory infections. The study focuses on evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts against this pathogen.
13) India:
India is the geographical context for the study, where Caesalpinia mimosoides is distributed and utilized in traditional medicine. The cultural and historical significance of plant usage in India highlights the relevance of ethnomedical research.
14) Food:
Food relates to substances consumed for nutritional value. The study explores the nutritional minerals in Caesalpinia mimosoides, indicating its potential as a dietary component that may also contribute to health through its phytochemical profile.
15) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. This research exemplifies scientific inquiry into the medicinal properties of plants, fostering evidence-based practices in healthcare.
16) Family:
Family, in a biological context, classifies groups of related organisms. The family Fabaceae includes Caesalpinia mimosoides, known for numerous species with established medicinal properties, justifying further exploration of such plants in pharmacotherapy.
17) Repair:
Repair pertains to the restoration and maintenance of cellular structures. The study's focus on radical scavenging activities draws attention to how plant extracts may contribute to counteracting oxidative damage, thereby protecting against diseases through cellular repair mechanisms.
18) Water:
Water is essential for life and is crucial for various biochemical processes. In the context of this study, water is used for extract preparation and illustrates the importance of solvent choice in evaluating phytochemical properties and biological activities.
19) Tree:
Tree indicates the growth form of Caelpinia mimosoides, classified as a tropical tree or climbing shrub. Understanding plant morphology contributes to research in ecology and agronomy, influencing cultivation and conservation efforts of medicinal plants.
20) Diet:
Diet encompasses all substances consumed, impacting health and nutrition. This study emphasizes the importance of considering plant sources, such as Caelpinia mimosoides, to enhance dietary intake of minerals and beneficial phytochemicals.
21) Vinayaka (Vināyaka, Vināyakā):
Vinayaka refers to Dr. K.S. Vinayaka, who identified the plant in the study. Acknowledging individuals in research highlights the collaborative effort and expertise required in scientific exploration and validates the credibility of the findings.
22) Medicine:
Medicine signifies the science and practice of diagnosing and treating diseases. The research on Caesalpinia mimosoides contributes to the field of medicine by investigating natural compounds with potential therapeutic properties, important for advancing alternative treatments.
23) Nature:
Nature refers to the physical world and its phenomena, including plants. This study connects natural sources to scientific inquiry, showcasing how nature’s biodiversity can be a valuable resource for developing treatments for various health issues.
24) Cilli (Cillī):
Chilli represents a crop related to agricultural practices in the study. The investigation into antifungal activities includes pathogens affecting crops like chilli, underlining the interconnection between agriculture and plant-based solutions in controlling plant diseases.
25) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar refers to Ramesh Kumar K.A., who contributed to the research. Recognizing co-authors fosters collaboration and showcases a diverse skill set essential for comprehensive research, furthering the depth of analysis in studies.
26) Paddy:
Paddy refers to rice cultivation, significant in agriculture. The study relates to fungi affecting crops like paddy, emphasizing the importance of exploring plant extracts as biological controls in sustainable agricultural practices, mitigating reliance on chemical pesticides.
27) Cina (Cīna, Cīnā, Ciṉa, Ciṉā, Cīṉā, Cinā):
China is mentioned as part of the distribution range for Caesalpinia mimosoides. The geographical aspect connects the research to global biodiversity, underscoring the significance of ethnopharmacological studies in varied climatic conditions.
28) Ragi (Rāgī):
Ragi, or finger millet, is another crop where fungal pathogens are explored. The study highlights the need for developing effective biocontrol agents derived from plants like Caesalpinia mimosoides to safeguard crop health and yield.
29) Genu (Geṇu):
Genu refers to the genus Caesalpinia within the Fabaceae family. Classification helps in understanding related species and their respective properties, guiding further research in medicinal uses and agricultural applications of legumes and their relatives.
30) Observation:
Observation is the act of noting and recording data. This research involves systematic observation of the effects of plant extracts, leading to conclusions that advance the understanding of antibacterial and radical scavenging properties.
31) Agriculture:
Agriculture encompasses the cultivation of plants and raising animals for food. This study contributes to agricultural science by exploring plant extracts as potential biological controls against phytopathogens, promoting sustainable practices that reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals.
32) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the interpretation and analysis of results. This study includes a comprehensive discussion of findings related to medicinals, reinforcing the implications of their use in addressing health challenges posed by resistant pathogens.
33) Developing:
Developing pertains to the process of creating or enhancing treatments. The study focuses on developing alternative therapies from Caesalpinia mimosoides extracts for combating pathogenic bacteria and fungi, addressing the urgent need for novel medical solutions.
34) Substance:
Substance refers to any material with a definite composition. In this research, the term pertains to the extracts and phytochemicals derived from Caesalpinia mimosoides, which are assessed for their bioactivities and potential health benefits.
35) Toxicity:
Toxicity signifies the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. The study stresses the importance of exploring plant extracts as safer alternatives to synthetic chemicals, which may pose significant toxicity risks to humans and the environment.
36) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy refers to a neurological disorder characterized by seizures. Traditional uses of plants like Caesalpinia mimosoides in treating conditions such as epilepsy illustrate the need for scientific validation of ethnomedical claims and their therapeutic potential.
37) Kerala (Keralā):
Kerala is a state in India associated with unique traditional practices of herbal medicine. The study highlights the cultural backdrop of plant usage in Kerala, underscoring the relevance of local knowledge in scientific explorations of medicinal plants.
38) Manasa (Manasā, Mānasā, Mānasa, Manasha):
Manasa refers to one of the authors, Manasa M, indicating her involvement in the research. Recognition of individual contributions emphasizes teamwork and collaboration in scientific studies, critical for successful research outcomes.
39) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth. The study's findings on radical scavenging activities suggest potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring natural compounds for therapeutic approaches.
40) Medium:
Medium refers to the environment or substance through which processes occur, such as growth media in microbiology. The study utilizes various media to assess the effectiveness of extracts in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth.
41) Powder:
Powder denotes the form of the plant materials used for extraction. The use of powdered samples ensures maximum surface area for extraction processes, facilitating the efficient release of bioactive compounds for subsequent analyses.
42) Kampar:
Kambar refers to Yashoda Kambar, another author involved in the research. The acknowledgment of collaborators emphasizes the collective effort in conducting comprehensive research and contributes to the scientific dialogue.
43) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants. This research on Caesalpinia mimosoides contributes to botanical knowledge by evaluating the plant's characteristics, medicinal properties, and potential applications in pharmacology and agriculture.
44) Mullu:
Mullu is part of the Mullu Kuruma tribe in Kerala, known for traditional medicinal practices. This reference illustrates the intersection of indigenous knowledge and scientific inquiry, signifying the importance of studying traditional uses of plants.
45) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach or other parts of the body. The study highlights traditional uses of plant extracts for treating ulcers, encouraging further exploration of their efficacy through scientific research.
46) Ravi (Rāvī, Rāvin, Ravin):
Ravi refers to Ravi Kumar T.N, another contributor to the research. The mention of co-authors signifies collaboration in scientific studies and enhances the credibility and outreach of the research conducted.
47) Male (Mālē):
Male refers to the gender, often used in studies related to health to understand variances in disease prevalence, response to treatment, and physiological differences. In this study, gender considerations could be relevant in the context of urinary tract infections.
48) Ghat (Ghaṭ, Gham):
Ghat refers to the geographical context of the Western Ghats region, impacting local flora. The environmental aspect influences the medicinal properties of plants based on regional biodiversity, reinforcing the importance of ecological studies in phytomedicine.
49) Crop:
Crop pertains to cultivated plants for food which are susceptible to diseases. The study addresses agricultural concerns by investigating plant extracts that exhibit antifungal properties, safeguarding crop health and ensuring food security.
50) Line:
Line can refer to a lineage or category within biological classification. It emphasizes the significance of categorizing plants in scientific studies, aiding in the understanding of relationships among plant species and their respective medicinal properties.
51) Sour:
Sour refers to the taste, often associated with certain edible parts of the plant. The study mentions the sensory properties of Caesalpinia mimosoides, indicating its potential culinary uses alongside its medicinal applications.