Standardization of a siddha formulation with modern techniques
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Standardization of a siddha formulation with modern techniques
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study of Siddha medicine, an ancient Indian traditional healing system, focuses on the integration of various herbal formulations to treat numerous ailments, including respiratory diseases. With a surge in interest for herbal products, standardization of these formulations is vital to ensure their quality, purity, safety, and efficacy. This study sought to establish pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical standards for a Siddha formulation containing four active herbal ingredients aimed at alleviating asthma, utilizing modern evaluation techniques for their assessment.
Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Properties
The study emphasized the importance of evaluating the pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical characteristics of the Siddha formulation, which involved a detailed analysis of macroscopic and microscopic properties. Macroscopic evaluation considered aspects such as color, odour, taste, and appearance. Microscopic studies were conducted using slides to observe the herb's cellular characteristics after specific staining procedures. The findings of these evaluations provided essential baseline data for the formulation's identification and quality control, ensuring that the active principles were retained in their intended forms.
Physicochemical Analysis
Physicochemical properties were another area of focus in the research. Various parameters, such as loss of drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and extractive values, were assessed based on standard guidelines. This analysis was crucial for understanding the thermal stability, mineral content, and solubility characteristics of the formulation. The results indicated that the Siddha formulation met acceptable standards, thus supporting its potential for health applications and reinforcing the rationale for its therapeutic use in managing asthma and similar conditions.
Safety Assessments: Heavy Metals and Microbial Analysis
In addition to the physicochemical assessments, the study included safety evaluations for heavy metal content, microbial load, and pesticide residues. Heavy metal analysis demonstrated that lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury were all below permissible levels set by WHO standards, ensuring the formulation's safety for consumption. Microbial analysis confirmed acceptable limits of viable microbial counts and absence of specified pathogens, further establishing the formulation's safety profile. These rigorous safety assessments are paramount to validate the formulatory practices in Siddha medicine, ensuring patient safety and product reliability.
Conclusion
The research presents substantial evidence for the standardization and safety of the Siddha formulation, enhancing its credibility as a therapeutic option in traditional medicine. The comprehensive evaluation encompassing pharmacognostical and physicochemical analyses, alongside safety assessments, underscores the importance of using modern techniques to support traditional practices. The results from this study can guide further research and development of Siddha formulations, establishing a framework for quality assurance that aligns with contemporary health safety standards.
Original source:
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Shree Devi M.S, Ravichandiran.V, Jaya kumari.S
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Standardization of a siddha formulation with modern techniques
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the main objective of the Siddha formulation study?
The study aimed to standardize a Siddha formulation containing four active ingredients for asthma, ensuring its quality, purity, safety, and efficacy through pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluations.
What herbs were used in the Siddha formulation?
The formulation included Adhatoda vasica, Solanum xanthocarpum, Tylophora asthamatica, and Ocimum tenuiflorum, all procured from Kolli Hills and authenticated for study.
What are organoleptic evaluations in the study?
Organoleptic evaluations assess the formulation's appearance, color, odor, and taste, providing essential characteristics such as the brown color and bitter taste of the Siddha formulation.
How was heavy metal analysis conducted on the formulation?
Heavy metal analysis involved boiling the sample with acids, followed by detection of metals like lead and cadmium, ensuring their concentrations comply with safety guidelines.
What were the results of the microbial analysis?
Microbial analysis found total aerobic viable counts within permissible limits. Pathogens like E.coli and Salmonella were absent, indicating microbial safety of the Siddha formulation.
What did the HPTLC analysis reveal about the formulation?
HPTLC fingerprinting identified 23 distinct spots, indicating a diverse composition. This analysis facilitates further quality assurance and potential research on the formulation's active compounds.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Standardization of a siddha formulation with modern techniques”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Siddha (Siddhā):
Siddha is an ancient traditional system of medicine practiced in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. It involves the use of natural substances, mainly herbs, to treat various ailments. Siddha emphasizes holistic health, integrating physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. This system is invaluable for preserving indigenous knowledge and promoting natural medicine.
2) Study (Studying):
In this context, 'study' refers to the systematic investigation and examination of a Siddha formulation to evaluate its quality, efficacy, and safety through modern scientific techniques. The study encompasses various methodologies to ensure that the medicinal properties are standardized and validated, which is crucial for ensuring proper usage and acceptance in contemporary healthcare.
3) Table:
The term 'table' in this article represents organized data presentation, summarizing results from various tests conducted on the Siddha formulation. Tables facilitate the comparison of results, making it easier for researchers and practitioners to analyze information such as organoleptic properties, phytochemical screening, and heavy metal analysis, supporting clear communication of findings.
4) Shri (Śri, Śrī, Śṝ, Sṛ, Sṝ):
Shree is the name of one of the authors, Shree Devi M.S, who is affiliated with Sivaraj Siddha Medical College in Tamil Nadu, India. Her contributions are significant in researching Siddha formulations, indicating the expertise and credibility of the work in the field of traditional Indian medicine.
5) Water:
Water is a fundamental solvent and medium in both the preparation of herbal formulations and in various analytical techniques. In the context of Siddha medicine, its properties may influence the extraction processes used for obtaining active constituents from herbs and also plays a role in testing for aqueous solubility during quality assessments.
6) Pesticide:
Pesticide refers to chemical substances used to kill pests, including insects, weeds, and fungi. In herbal medicine, pesticide residue analysis is crucial to ensure that formulations are safe for consumer use. The presence of harmful pesticide residues in medicinal plants can pose significant health risks, highlighting the importance of rigorous quality control.
7) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. In the context of the article, it refers to Siddha medicine, which employs natural herbal formulations to address various ailments. The standardization of these formulations is critical for ensuring their safe application and trust in their therapeutic efficacy.
8) Quality:
Quality in this study refers to the assessment criteria applied to determine the purity, efficacy, and safety of the Siddha formulation. Establishing quality standards is essential for ensuring that herbal products meet regulatory requirements and can be relied upon for therapeutic purposes, which is crucial for consumer safety and confidence.
9) Powder:
Powder typically describes the physical form of the herbal ingredients used in Siddha formulations. The preparation process includes grinding dried herbs into a fine powder, facilitating easier incorporation into medicinal formulations. The quality of the powder affects the extraction and overall effectiveness of the herbal medicine.
10) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical studies involve the analysis of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources, focusing on their botanical, chemical, and biological properties. This aspect is crucial in this research to establish standards and characterize the Siddha formulations' active ingredients, ensuring their authenticity and therapeutic potential.
11) Shalem (Śāḷēṃ, Śāleṃ):
Salem is a city in Tamil Nadu, India, known for its rich biodiversity and traditional herbal practices, where the herbs for the Siddha formulation in this study were sourced. The geographical and ecological characteristics of Salem contribute to the availability of unique herbal materials used in Siddha medicinal preparations.
12) Drug:
'Drug' here refers to the active components derived from the Siddha formulations used for therapeutic purposes. Ensuring the formulation meets safety and efficacy standards is paramount for its acceptance as a drug in the healthcare system, emphasizing the need for standardization and rigorous testing methodologies.
13) Solanum xanthocarpum:
Solanum xanthocarpum is a medicinal plant used in the Siddha formulation evaluated in the study. Known for its therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and respiratory benefits, proper documentation and standardization of this herb are crucial for validating its use in traditional medicine and ensuring consistent medicinal qualities.
14) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica, another key herb in the Siddha formulation, is recognized for its effectiveness in treating respiratory ailments like asthma. Its standardization in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding and verifying herbal ingredients' therapeutic properties, safety, and quality in traditional medicinal practices.
15) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamil Nadu is the Indian state where Siddha medicine originates and is predominantly practiced. The region’s rich cultural heritage and biodiversity provide a foundation for traditional systems of medicine, making it essential for the evaluation and standardization of Siddha formulations based on local herbs and practices.
16) Chennai:
Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, serves as a hub for educational and research institutions where significant work on Siddha medicine is conducted. Its proximity to botanical resources and its academic environment fosters advancements in the understanding and application of traditional medicinal practices.
17) Aureus:
Aureus typically refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria analyzed for its presence in the microbial analysis of the Siddha formulation. Testing for pathogenic microorganisms ensures the safety of herbal preparations, highlighting quality control measures essential for consumer health and the integrity of medicinal products.
18) Bitter:
Bitter describes the taste profile observed in the Siddha formulation, which can often indicate the presence of active compounds within the herbs used. The organoleptic properties, including taste, contribute to understanding the formulation's overall characteristics, influencing its therapeutic expectations and traditional usage.
19) Purity:
Purity in the context of this study relates to the quality and integrity of the Siddha formulation. Assessing purity involves testing for contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, as well as ensuring that the active ingredients are not adulterated, thereby guaranteeing the formulation's safety and efficacy.
20) India:
India is the country of origin for the Siddha system of medicine and serves as a significant cultural and historical context for this practice. The country's rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge systems contribute to the development and validation of herbal medicines, influencing health practices and pharmacological research.
21) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the Dravidian language widely spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It reflects the cultural heritage associated with Siddha medicine, as many traditional texts and practices originate from the Tamil language, preserving the knowledge and methodologies of Siddha healing practices across generations.
22) Devi (Devī):
Devi is part of the author's name, Shree Devi M.S., who contributed to this study. The mention of the author highlights the human aspect behind research efforts and the importance of personal and academic commitment in advancing the understanding and validation of Siddha formulations in modern contexts.
23) Nadu (Nāḍu):
Nadu, often used in conjunction with Tamil, refers to a region or land. In this context, it signifies Tamil Nadu, the Indian state known for its rich heritage in Siddha medicine. The regional specificity fosters a deeper understanding of local practices, plants, and their therapeutic applications.
24) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds present in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. In this study, phytochemical screening helps to identify the active constituents responsible for therapeutic effects in Siddha formulations, playing a crucial role in validating the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines.
25) Observation:
Observation refers to the systematic gathering and recording of data during the study of Siddha formulations. This process is crucial for documenting characteristics, including organoleptic features and pharmacognostical properties, enabling researchers to draw conclusions about quality and efficacy based on empirical evidence.
26) Performance:
Performance relates to the efficacy and quality standards of the Siddha formulation under evaluation. This term emphasizes the need for rigorous testing and validation to ensure that the herbal product delivers on its therapeutic promises, aligning with modern healthcare expectations and safety regulations.
27) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating and enhancing methodologies for the standardization of Siddha formulations. This term captures the ongoing efforts in both traditional and modern practices to establish robust protocols for validating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines across diverse healthcare settings.
28) Container:
Container pertains to the storage vessel for the Siddha formulation. Proper containment is vital to maintain the formulation's quality and prevent contamination. The choice of material and sealing techniques also plays a critical role in preserving the integrity of herbal medicines over time.
29) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a symptom that may be addressed by certain Siddha formulations. The text highlights Siddha medicine's holistic approach to treating ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders, emphasizing the system's focus on natural remedies derived from herbal sources tailored for specific health issues.
30) Disease:
Disease signifies the health conditions targeted by Siddha formulations, including respiratory ailments like asthma addressed in this study. Understanding the relationship between specific herbs and diseases is fundamental for developing effective remedies based on traditional knowledge and modern research validation.
31) Surface:
Surface refers to the microscopic characteristics observed in the herbal powders during the study. Examining surface features is crucial in pharmacognosy as it aids in identifying plant materials and understanding how the physical properties can influence the extraction and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds.
32) Kumari (Kumārī, Kumāri):
Kumari is part of the author's name, Jaya Kumari.S, who also contributed to this research. Identifying individual contributors promotes transparency and credit for scholarly work, acknowledging the collaborative nature of scientific studies in advancing the understanding of traditional medicine practices.
33) Muslin:
Muslin is a type of fine cotton fabric used in the study to filter herbal powders after grinding. This use of muslin denotes traditional methods in preparation techniques and emphasizes the importance of clean materials in ensuring the safety and purity of Siddha formulations.
34) Indian:
Indian relates to the cultural, historical, and geographic context of Siddha medicine, which is rooted in India's traditional health practices. The recognition of this heritage supports efforts to preserve and validate indigenous knowledge while integrating it into modern healthcare applications.
35) Fever:
Fever is a common ailment for which Siddha medicine offers various herbal treatments. The mention of fever underscores the traditional system's scope in addressing a wide range of health issues, emphasizing its historical significance in therapeutic practices across generations.
36) Jaya (Jāyā, Jayā):
Jaya is part of the name Jaya Kumari.S, who contributes to the scholarly work associated with the Siddha formulation study. Highlighting authors fosters acknowledgment of individual contributions and influences the credibility and integrity of the research conducted in the field of traditional medicine.
37) Accu (Accukuta, Āccu):
Accu refers to Accu Standards, a company providing reference standards used in pesticide residue analysis. This term signifies the importance of using recognized standards in research to ensure accuracy and reliability in analytical methods, maintaining high-quality control in evaluating herbal formulations.
38) Wall:
Wall may refer to the structural characteristics observed in cell walls during microscopic examinations of the herbal powders. Understanding these features is essential for pharmacognosy, as they can provide insights into plant identification and influence the extraction of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines.
39) Line:
Line could pertain to the delineation or classification of results during the study, emphasizing the organized approach to data presentation. It stands for methodology and analytical processes that are crucial in assessing and reporting findings, ensuring clarity and consistency in scientific communication.