Cheiloscopy and gender determination - an original research

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Cheiloscopy and gender determination - an original research
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Dr Tim Peter, Dr. Laxmikanth Chatra, Dr. Prashanth Shenai, Dr.Deepthi AnnaCherian, Dr. Tom Peter, Dr. Betsy Thomas


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

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Full text available for: Cheiloscopy and gender determination - an original research

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Cheiloscopy is a forensic technique used to identify individuals based on the unique patterns of their lip prints. This study investigates the potential of cheiloscopy for determining gender by examining lip groove patterns in a sample of 500 individuals from Mangalore, consisting of 250 males and 250 females, aged 15 to 60 years. The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of cheiloscopy's role in personal identification.

Gender Differences in Lip Groove Patterns

The study reveals that certain types of lip groove lines are more common in specific regions of the lips across both genders. Type I lip groove lines were predominant in most regions for both males and females, although a notable exception was observed in the lower middle region, where Type I’ lines were equally common for both sexes. While there were statistically significant differences for certain types of lines, the overall pattern was unique to each individual, suggesting a potential for personal identification rather than strictly for gender determination.

Statistical Analysis Findings

Statistical comparisons of lip grove patterns among genders indicated that males displayed a higher frequency of Type I, Type I’, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V lines compared to females. However, while there was a marked difference in means for some types of lines, the investigation pointed out that gender determination based solely on lip groove patterns remains inconclusive. The uniqueness of lip prints, alongside certain observed patterns associated with genders, highlights the complexity in using cheiloscopy for these purposes.

Potential Application in Forensics

Cheiloscopy is positioned as a complementary tool in forensic science for personal identification. The distinctiveness of lip prints, which do not change over a lifetime, enhances their utility in criminal investigations. While the current study underscores the limitations of using lip grooves for gender determination, it also emphasizes the potential of cheiloscopy as a valuable method for establishing identity, especially in the context of crime scene analysis.

Conclusion

The study asserts the importance of cheiloscopy in forensic identification, revealing that lip prints are unique and stable throughout an individual's life. While it holds promise for personal identification, its capacity for gender determination is still being explored. As forensic science evolves, cheiloscopy can serve as a vital adjunct in the array of identification techniques available.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is cheiloscopy and its significance in forensic science?

Cheiloscopy is a forensic technique for identifying individuals based on lip prints. It holds potential value in personal identification, particularly as criminals become more aware of traditional methods like fingerprinting.

What was the main objective of the cheiloscopy study?

The study aimed to evaluate the potential of cheiloscopy for gender determination and its role in personal identification among the Mangalore population, examining different lip groove patterns.

How many individuals participated in the cheiloscopy study?

A total of 500 individuals from Mangalore, consisting of 250 males and 250 females aged 15-60 years, participated in the study after giving informed consent.

What types of lip groove lines were identified in the study?

The study utilized Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification to identify various types of lip groove lines, including Type I, Type I’, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V.

Was there a significant difference in lip groove patterns between genders?

Statistical analysis showed significant differences in specific lip groove lines between genders, particularly for Types I, III, and V, indicating unique lip patterns for males and females.

What conclusion was drawn regarding the use of cheiloscopy?

The study concluded that while cheiloscopy can aid personal identification, its effectiveness for gender determination remains under scrutiny, suggesting further research is needed to establish accuracy.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cheiloscopy and gender determination - an original research”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Line:
In the context of cheiloscopy, the term 'line' refers to the various types of grooves observed in lip prints. These lines, classified under different types (e.g., Type I, Type II), serve as distinctive markers for personal identification. Their study is pivotal for forensic science, aiding in gender determination and linking individuals to crime scenes.

2) Male (Mālē):
The term 'male' is significant in the research as one of the gender groups being analyzed for lip groove patterns. The study includes 250 males, examining the prevalence of various lip groove types, thus contributing to the body of knowledge on gender-specific traits in cheiloscopy, essential for forensic identification.

3) Study (Studying):
The term 'studying' relates to the analytical process of observing and examining lip prints and their characteristics. It captures the essence of the research endeavor where systematic observation leads to knowledge enhancement regarding cheiloscopy, thereby revealing trends and patterns essential for forensic identification and discrimination between gender.

4) Science (Scientific):
The term 'scientific' underscores the rigorous methodologies and statistical analyses employed in the study. It emphasizes that the research adheres to established scientific principles, contributing valuable knowledge to the field of forensics by validating or challenging previous understandings of gender determination through lip prints.

5) Karnataka (Karṇāṭaka):
Karnataka is the Indian state where the research was conducted, specifically in institutions like Yenepoya Dental College and A J Institute of Dental Sciences. The geographical context is important as it informs the population sample being studied, which could impact lip groove pattern characteristics and their applicability in forensic science within the local demographic.

6) Table:
Tables in the research present data clearly and succinctly, enabling the reader to understand the comparison of lip groove lines between genders across different lip regions. They facilitate quick reference to statistical values and outcomes, supporting the structured analysis of the findings that contribute to the research's overall conclusions.

7) Medicine:
The term 'medicine' highlights the connection between healthcare and forensic analysis. The study's context stems from oral medicine and radiology, emphasizing how medical knowledge informs forensic techniques. This intersection showcases the relevance of medical professionals in forensic investigations and the essential role they play in identifying individuals in legal settings.

8) Kerala (Keralā):
Kerala is the state where the primary author, Dr. Tim Peter, is associated with KMCT Dental College in Calicut. This regional affiliation provides context for the study's institutional background and reflects on the academic contributions from diverse Indian states. It underscores the multidisciplinary efforts in advancing forensic science in India.

9) Civilization:
The term 'civilization' connects the significance of human identification to societal order and justice. Accurate methods for identifying individuals, such as cheiloscopy, are paramount in maintaining law and order. This reflects the ethical responsibility to uphold justice and the role of forensic science in safeguarding civilizational standards.

10) Discussion:
The 'discussion' section is where researchers interpret their findings, relate them to existing literature, and address implications for forensic science. It allows for critical analysis of results, identification of patterns, and potential applications of cheiloscopy in real-world scenarios, providing a platform for further exploration and inquiry into lip pattern identification.

11) Attending:
In the context of the research, 'attending' refers to the subjects involved in the study, specifically individuals who visited the oral medicine and radiology department. Their participation is crucial for collecting representative data, enabling the study to draw valid conclusions about the lip groove patterns prevalent in the population.

12) Dividing:
The word 'dividing' pertains to the method used in the study to categorize the lips into specific regions for analysis. This structured approach enhances the clarity and accuracy of the results by enabling precise identification of pattern prevalence, thereby offering insights into gender differences associated with various lip groove types.

13) Thomas:
Dr. Betsy Thomas is one of the co-authors of the study, indicating collaboration among various experts in the research. Her involvement emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary teamwork in conducting forensic investigations, providing insights that enhance the reliability and comprehensiveness of the study's outcomes and discussions.

14) Chatra (Chātra, Chatrā, Chātrā):
Dr. Laxmikanth Chatra is another co-author, indicating contributions from various academic institutions in India. His role underscores the collaborative effort in the research and highlights the regional expertise available in Karnataka for advancing forensic science, particularly in the applications of cheiloscopy in identifying individuals.

15) India:
The term 'India' provides a context for the study's significance, reflecting cultural and demographic considerations that may influence lip groove patterns. It highlights the necessity of understanding local populations within forensic research, showcasing how geographical and sociocultural variables are vital in the applicability of scientific methodologies.

16) Malik (Mālik):
Referring to the study by Malik R and Goel S, the mention of 'Malik' represents the intertextuality and dialog between various research works in forensic science. It situates the current study within a broader academic discussion, allowing researchers to build upon previous findings regarding gender determination through lip groove analysis.

17) Field:
The term 'field' emphasizes the area of study, in this case, forensic science, where cheiloscopy is applied. It highlights the relevance of the research in real-world applications, such as crime scene investigations, and underlines the need for various scientific disciplines to converge for enhanced personal identification methods.

18) Anna (Aṇṇa, Aññā, Añña, Ānna, Aṉṉa, Aṉṉā):
Dr. Deepthi Anna Cherian is a co-author of the research, showcasing the collaborative nature of the study. Her inclusion points to diverse expertise contributing to the findings, thus reinforcing the importance of shared knowledge and multidisciplinary approaches in advancing understanding and application of forensic identification techniques.

19) Life:
The term 'life' emphasizes the permanence of lip prints, similar to fingerprints. These unique biometric markers persist throughout a person's life, underscoring their significance in forensic identification as reliable traits that can be used in criminal investigations and personal identification even after long periods.

20) Post:
The word 'post' refers to postmortem identification, illustrating the importance of forensic techniques in various stages of criminal investigations. Identifying individuals after death using methods like cheiloscopy plays a crucial role in legal contexts, providing necessary evidence that supports justice and clarifies events surrounding criminal cases.

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