Bioactive compound from leaves part of lantana camara

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Bioactive compound from leaves part of lantana camara
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Mamta Saxena, Dr Jyoti Saxena, Dr Rajeev nema


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Bioactive compound from leaves part of lantana camara

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Lantana camara is recognized as both a troublesome weed and a widely used ornamental plant, found in many regions worldwide. Historically, plants have served as significant sources of medicinal agents, drawing renewed interest from the pharmaceutical sector in recent decades for their therapeutic properties and active compounds. Extensive screening of various plants over the last thirty years has revealed several with notable antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Lantana camara has been employed in traditional medicine for treating ailments such as chickenpox, asthma, and high blood pressure, while also producing toxic metabolites harmful to livestock.

Isolation of Bioactive Flavonoid

The study details the extraction and identification of a flavonoid compound from the leaves of Lantana camara. Leaves were collected, dried, and extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet extractor over 96 hours. Post-extraction, column chromatography was utilized to isolate the compound, yielding approximately 5 mg of a bioactive flavonoid characterized as 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavone. The identification was based on spectral data obtained from IR, UV, and NMR analyses.

Spectral Analysis Findings

The characterization of the flavonoid included specific spectral features. The IR spectroscopy indicated the presence of hydroxyl, methoxy, and aromatic functionalities, with notable absorption bands at 3389 cm–1 for the hydroxyl group and 1727 cm–1 for the carbonyl group. The UV spectrum exhibited maximum absorption at 254 nm and 332 nm, suggesting its classification as a flavone. The NMR spectra provided detailed information about molecular structure, revealing specific chemical shifts indicative of various protons and carbons within the compound.

Biological Significance

The research highlights the potential pharmacological applications of the isolated flavonoid. Given its identification and confirmation as a specific compound, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavone, there is an implication for further investigation into its biological activities. The findings align with prior research indicating that flavonoids generally exhibit a range of beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, which could pave the way for future drug development from plant sources.

In conclusion, this study successfully isolated a bioactive flavonoid from Lantana camara, identifying it as 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavone through rigorous spectral analysis. The results underscore the therapeutic potential of plant-derived compounds and encourage further exploration into their medicinal applications.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Lantana camara and its uses?

Lantana camara is both a notorious weed and an ornamental plant used in folk medicine for treating ailments such as chicken pox, asthma, ulcers, eczema, and high blood pressure.

What type of compound was isolated from Lantana camara leaves?

The methanolic extract yielded a flavonoid characterized as 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavone based on various spectral studies.

What methods were used for extracting compounds from Lantana camara?

The plant leaves were extracted using a soxhlet apparatus with 90% methanol at 60°C for 96 hours, followed by column chromatography for isolation.

What techniques were used for the characterization of the isolated compound?

The compound was characterized using IR, UV, and NMR spectral studies to determine its structure and functional groups.

What are the key findings from the NMR analysis?

The 1H NMR spectrum showed signals indicating hydroxyl, methoxy groups, and protons on the flavonoid structure, confirming its identity.

What acknowledgments were made in the research?

The authors acknowledged support from various colleges and institutions for providing facilities for analysis, including FTIR, UV-VIS, and NMR.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Bioactive compound from leaves part of lantana camara”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Camara (Cāmara, Camará):
Camara refers to the species Lantana camara, which is both a notorious weed and an ornamental garden plant. It is significant in pharmacological research due to its various therapeutic properties, especially in traditional medicine where it is utilized for treating ailments such as chicken pox, asthma, and ulcers. The plant's compounds are explored for their bioactive potential.

2) Saxena (Sakshena, Saksena):
Saxena is the surname of the lead author, Mamta Saxena, who conducted the study on the bioactive compounds from Lantana camara. The authorship signifies the contribution of individuals in the research community, often revealing connections to academic institutions and expertise in microbiology, chemistry, and pharmacology, which are essential for such studies.

3) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of bioactive compounds known for their therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this research, the primary flavonoid isolated from Lantana camara is identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyflavone, showcasing the plant's potential in pharmacological applications and supporting the continuous search for new medicinal compounds.

4) India:
India is the geographical context of the research, providing a rich biodiversity that includes Lantana camara. The country's traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda, often utilize native plants like Lantana camara for their healing properties. This setting emphasizes the significance of local flora in contributing to global pharmacognosy and medicine.

5) Nema (Nemā):
Nema refers to Dr. Rajeev Nema, one of the co-authors of the study. His involvement reflects the collaborative nature of scientific research, where cross-disciplinary expertise from fields such as zoology and microbiology contributes to understanding the ecological and therapeutic value of plants like Lantana camara.

6) Drug:
Drugs are bioactive substances utilized for treatment or prevention of diseases. The study on Lantana camara highlights the exploration of plant-derived compounds as potential drugs, showcasing the shift in pharmacological research towards natural products, aiming to discover new therapeutic agents that could address various health conditions, including some resistant to conventional treatments.

7) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the branch of medicine that studies the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. The research focuses on pharmacological properties of compounds extracted from Lantana camara, illustrating how understanding these properties can lead to the development of new medicines and therapies based on natural sources.

8) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation in this context refers to the processes by which the extracted components of Lantana camara undergo chemical alterations to yield identifiable bioactive compounds. This term emphasizes the role of scientific techniques, such as chromatography and spectral analysis, in isolating and characterizing compounds with potential pharmacological significance from raw plant materials.

9) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial indicates the ability of a substance to inhibit the growth or kill bacteria. In the context of this study, it reflects the potential applications of the flavonoid compound from Lantana camara in treating bacterial infections, an area of increasing concern due to rising antibiotic resistance, thus underscoring the relevance of plant-derived compounds in modern medicine.

10) Discussion:
Discussion is the section of the research paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized within existing literature. It allows authors to explain the implications of their results, compare with previous research, suggest practical applications, and highlight the significance of the isolated flavonoid as a possible therapeutic agent for various ailments.

11) Samjivani (Saṃjīvanī, Sañjīvanī):
Sanjivani refers to the Ayurvedic nursery in Bhopal from which Lantana camara was collected. This highlights the role of traditional knowledge and practices in sourcing medicinal plants, linking contemporary scientific research with cultural heritage, and emphasizing the importance of integrating traditional medicine with modern pharmacology for effective healthcare solutions.

12) Knowledge:
Knowledge in the context of this research encompasses the understanding obtained from chemical and pharmacological studies on plants such as Lantana camara. It reflects the ongoing quest in the scientific community to uncover new therapeutic agents, contributing to the broader field of medicine, which continually evolves with new discoveries and innovations.

13) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, often through the use of drugs. The compounds identified in Lantana camara are relevant to medicine as they may provide new therapeutic options for existing diseases, thus enhancing the arsenal of treatments available for various health conditions.

14) Swelling:
Swelling refers to an increase in size or volume in tissue, often a symptom of inflammation or infection. Traditional uses of Lantana camara in folk medicine to treat swellings highlight its significance in providing insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of its bioactive compounds, which can further be explored through scientific investigation.

15) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological or pharmacological effects exhibited by a compound. In this research, the activity of the isolated flavonoid from Lantana camara is assessed through various tests, demonstrating its potential usefulness in areas like antimicrobial and antioxidant applications, which are critical for developing effective treatments in pharmaceutical research.

16) Relative:
Relative in this context indicates the comparison of Lantana camara with other plants or medicinal compounds regarding its efficacy in treating diseases. This term highlights the importance of relative analysis in pharmacology, enabling researchers to position new findings within the broader landscape of existing knowledge of bioactive compounds.

17) Zoology:
Zoology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of animals. The involvement of zoology in this research suggests a multidisciplinary approach, which can enhance understanding of the ecological interactions and potential impacts of plants like Lantana camara on animal health, as well as inform about their pharmacological properties through biological models.

18) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a wide range of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. The study mentions the potential of Lantana camara's compounds for anti-cancer activity, reflecting the growing interest in plant-derived substances as sources for new cancer treatments, supporting the search for naturally occurring agents to combat this prevalent health challenge.

19) Glass:
Glass in this context likely pertains to the laboratory glassware used during the extraction and analysis processes, such as in column chromatography or spectroscopy. It emphasizes the importance of proper laboratory equipment and techniques in the isolation, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds, which are essential steps in pharmacological research.

20) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to an open sore or lesion, commonly found in the digestive tract. The mention of Lantana camara's use in treating ulcers highlights the plant's historical significance in traditional medicine, as well as its potential pharmacological implications, where the bioactive compounds may contribute to wound healing and gastrointestinal health.

21) Blood:
Blood signifies the fluid that circulates in the bodies of animals and humans, and the mention of high blood pressure in relation to Lantana camara highlights its significance in folk medicine. This suggests possible pharmacological investigations into the effects of the plant on cardiovascular health, emphasizing its therapeutic potential in managing blood-related conditions.

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