Ethnobotanical study of wild edibles by Malayali tribals in Tamil Nadu

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ethnobotanical study of wild edibles by Malayali tribals in Tamil Nadu”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Species:
Species refer to different kinds of plants documented in the study, emphasizing biodiversity. In this research, researchers identified 95 wild edible species crucial for the dietary needs of Malayali tribes. Understanding various species is essential for both conservation efforts and promoting traditional dietary practices.

2) Tree:
Trees play a significant role in the ecosystem and are vital sources of food and materials in tribal diets. Many of the edible plants identified in the study include trees, which provide fruits consumed raw by the local Malayali tribes, contributing to their nutritional security.

3) Bodha (Bodhā):
Bodha refers to the Bodha Hills, the specific geographical area of study. It is characterized by its ecological diversity and unique flora, influencing the dietary habits and livelihoods of the tribal communities who inhabit this mountainous region.

4) Food:
Food encompasses the wide variety of wild edible plants identified. The study highlights the tribal community's reliance on these plants for sustenance, emphasizing their nutritional value, free from artificial chemicals, which can contribute to better health and food security.

5) Malai (Malaī, Maḻai, Māḻai, Māḷai):
Malai refers to the hills and mountains (Bodha Malai) where the Malayali tribes reside. The altitude and climate of the Malai influence the types of wild edible plants that grow there, contributing to the unique dietary practices and cultural significance of this region.

6) Melur:
Melur is a village adjacent to Bodha Hills and plays a key role in the cultural and geographical context of the study. It serves as a focal point for researching local diets and traditional knowledge surrounding the use of wild edible plants.

7) India:
India's vast biodiversity and rich heritage of traditional knowledge concerning wild edible plants is focused on in the study. The Malayali tribes of Tamil Nadu exemplify the interconnectedness of culture and ecology, showcasing how indigenous practices can support food security.

8) Mountain:
Mountains provide unique ecosystems where diverse plant species thrive. The study emphasizes how the mountainous terrain of Bodha Hills influences the types of wild edible plants available, reflecting on their significance in the local diets of the tribal populations.

9) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the ethnobotanical research conducted to document wild edible plants used by the Malayali tribes. It involves surveying and collecting data about traditional practices, thus highlighting the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge systems and plant diversity.

10) Rich (Ṛch):
Rich describes the high nutritional value of the documented wild edible plants. The study emphasizes their role in providing essential vitamins and minerals, contributing to the overall health and resilience of the tribal populations dependent on these natural resources.

11) Disease:
Disease is mentioned in relation to the health benefits of consuming wild edible plants. Many fruits and vegetables identified are linked to reduced risks of various diseases, highlighting their potential role in improving the health of the communities involved.

12) Bodhi (Bodhī):
Bodhi refers to the concept of enlightenment in Buddhism, with the Bodha Hills historically linked to Buddhist practices. The cultural significance adds depth to understanding how these traditions influence the diet and lifestyles of the tribals living in the region.

13) Shalem (Śāḷēṃ, Śāleṃ):
Salem is the nearest town to Bodha Hills and serves as a geographical reference point in the study. Its proximity brings cultural and economic dynamics, as the tribal communities sell their agricultural produce in local markets, impacting their livelihoods.

14) Maram (Marām, Maṟam, Māram):
Maram means 'tree' in Tamil and reflects the integral role of trees within local ecosystems and diets. Several tree species identified in the study contribute significantly to the food sources available to the Malayali tribes.

15) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the language and culture of the ethnic group in the study. The Tamil identity deeply influences the traditions, practices, and knowledge surrounding the use of wild edible plants by the Malayali tribes of Tamil Nadu.

16) Nadu (Nāḍu):
Nadu denotes the region, specifically Tamil Nadu, and is significant for its biodiversity. The identification of local edible plants contributes to cultural and ecological knowledge, enhancing food sovereignty and traditional practices within the state.

17) Ghat (Ghaṭ, Gham):
Ghat refers to the geographical features of the region, including the Southern Eastern Ghats. These hills affect biodiversity and climate, playing a crucial role in the availability of wild edible plants consumed by local tribes.

18) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamilnadu is the state in southern India where the study was conducted. Highlighting this area is significant for understanding the geographical context and cultural practices related to the use of wild edible plants in local diets.

19) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this context refers to the traditional understanding of wild edible plants possessed by the Malayali tribes. Preserving and documenting this knowledge is critical for cultural heritage, ecological sustainability, and informing future agricultural practices.

20) Mineral:
Minerals are essential nutrients found in many wild edible plants documented in the study. The presence of minerals contributes to the nutritional value of these plants, showing their importance in supporting the health of the tribal communities reliant on them.

21) Forest:
Forest ecosystems provide habitat for wild edible plants and are essential for the survival of tribal communities. The study underscores the relationship between forest biodiversity and the food sources utilized by the Malayali tribes in the Bodha Hills.

22) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, and it relates directly to the study as it involves the classification and documentation of various wild edible species. This scientific discipline supports conservation and sustainable utilization of plant resources.

23) Kali (Kālī, Kāli, Kāḻi):
Kali, often associated with the goddess, has spiritual significance for the Malayali tribes. This cultural reference ties into the identity of the people and can influence the traditional practices surrounding the collection and use of wild edible plants.

24) Crop:
Crop refers to cultivated plants, contrasting with the wild edible species studied. The research highlights the importance of recognizing both cultivated and wild foods in understanding dietary practices and food security in rural communities.

25) Buddhism (Buddhist tradition):
Buddhism is referenced to denote the spiritual history connected to the Bodha Hills. The presence of Buddhist influence enriches the cultural context of the study, where spiritual beliefs can shape dietary practices of tribal communities.

26) Village:
Village signifies the small settlements like Melur where tribal communities reside. This cultural context is essential in understanding the local governance, traditions, and practices that shape the use of wild edible plants.

27) Family:
Family refers to the groupings of plants in scientific classification. In this study, it highlights the diversity among wild edible plants, emphasizing how different families contribute to the food resources available to the Malayali tribes.

28) Diet:
Diet encompasses the nutritional practices of the tribal communities. The study emphasizes the incorporation of wild edible plants into their diet, reflecting traditional knowledge systems and the importance of biodiversity for food security.

29) Soil:
Soil quality is critical for the growth of wild edible plants. The study notes that the nutrient-rich, organic soils influence the availability of edible species, impacting the diet and health of tribal populations in the Bodha Hills area.

30) Phyllanthus emblica:
Phyllanthus emblica, known as Indian Gooseberry or Amla, is noted for its high vitamin C content. Its regular consumption among the tribes is associated with various health benefits and reflects its importance in traditional diets.

31) Syzygium cumini:
Syzygium cumini, known as Jamun, is a wild fruit highly valued in the region. The study emphasizes its role in the diet of Malayali tribes, showcasing its nutritional benefits and economic significance.

32) Tiruchengode (Tiruchengodu):
Tiruchengode is a town referenced in relation to the educational institution of the lead researcher. Its mention situates the study geographically, highlighting the connections between research, education, and local ecological knowledge in Tamil Nadu.

33) Pomegranate:
Pomegranate refers to a cultivated fruit commonly compared with wild edible fruits in terms of nutrition. The study highlights the dietary significance of indigenous fruits versus commercial varieties in the diets of rural tribal communities.

34) Anandha:
Anandha implies the bliss or happiness associated with the cultural practices of the Malayali tribals. It evokes the spiritual connection to their environment—that is the Bodha Hills, enhancing the understanding of dietary choices.

35) Science (Scientific):
Scientific indicates the systematic methodology applied in the study for documenting plant species. This approach enhances reliability and creates a foundation for further research into the nutritional and medicinal properties of wild edibles.

36) Cancer:
Cancer is referenced concerning the health benefits of consuming wild fruits. Research underscores how regular intake of specific wild edible fruits can lower the risk of various diseases, including cancer, thus highlighting their medicinal value.

37) Temple:
Temple signifies places of worship in local cultures. The study references temples in the context of traditional beliefs and practices among Malayali tribal communities, influencing their relationship with the surrounding natural environment.

38) Anana (Ānana, Ānanā, Ananā, Anaṇa, Āṅana):
Anana refers to the pineapple, a cultivated fruit that might be compared to wild edible plants in dietary studies. It serves as a reference point for discussing nutritional diversity and food choices in local diets.

39) Queen:
Queen suggests the concept of divinity or reverence in local cultures. The term may relate to the traditional worship practices associated with deities, impacting the way edible plants are perceived and utilized by the tribes.

40) Water:
Water is essential for the growth and health of wild edible plants. The study references local water sources that sustain both agriculture and natural vegetation, crucial for the livelihoods and diets of the Malayali tribes.

41) Table:
Table refers to the data and classifications presented within the study. It organizes information about wild edible plants, allowing for easy reference and facilitating a clearer understanding of their roles in local diets.

42) Field:
Field indicates the area of study where researchers documented wild edible plants. It represents both the geographical location and the practical context in which ethnobotanical research is conducted, enhancing the understanding of local foods.

43) Sara (Śāra, Shara, Sāra, Ṣaṟā):
Sara relates to traditional practices referencing female deities in the local cultures. The term's significance is tied into the cultural identities of the Malayali tribes, influencing their relationship with food and nature.

44) Rice (Ṛce):
Rice is a staple food widely consumed in Tamil Nadu, including among the Malayali tribes. The study discusses how traditional wild edible plants are complemented with staple foods like rice, enriching the local diets.

45) Pur (Pūr):
Poor refers to the socio-economic status of many tribal communities who primarily depend on wild edible plants for sustenance. The study emphasizes the importance of these plants in addressing food insecurity in rural areas.

46) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi, is noted for its medicinal properties. The study identifies its consumption by the tribes, highlighting its role in traditional medicine and its nutritional value in their diets.

47) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, or Amla, is recognized for its antioxidant properties. The study underscores its dietary significance and health benefits, particularly its role in reducing oxidative stress among local populations.

48) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is often used in traditional medicine. The study references it as a valued wild edible plant contributing to the health and wellness of the tribal populations in Bodha Hills.

49) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica, or mango, is a popular cultivated fruit referenced in the study for its culinary and cultural significance. Often compared with wild fruits, its place in local diets underscores the diversity of edible plants.

50) Human life:
Human life refers to the interaction between people and their environment, focusing on how tribal communities rely on wild edible plants. The study highlights sustainable practices that support health, nutrition, and cultural identity.

51) Terminalia bellirica:
Terminalia bellirica, known as Baheda, is referenced for its importance in local medicine and diet. The study highlights its consumption among tribes and its role in promoting health and wellness.

52) Tribulus terrestris:
Tribulus terrestris, commonly known as Gokshura, is recognized for its potential medicinal benefits. The presence of this plant in the diet of local tribes underscores the significance of wild species in traditional healing practices.

53) Ficus benghalensis:
Ficus benghalensis, the banyan tree, is often associated with religious significance. The study notes its value among the local Malayali tribes, highlighting the intersection of culture, spirituality, and food resources.

54) Limonia acidissima:
Limonia acidissima, known as Wood Apple, is noted for its unique taste and health benefits. The study documents its use by tribes and its contribution to local food systems and nutritional diversity.

55) Tamarindus indica:
Tamarindus indica, known as tamarind, is referenced for its culinary uses in local dishes. The study emphasizes its importance in daily diets, showcasing how native fruits enhance flavor and nutrition in tribal cooking.

56) Ficus religiosa:
Ficus religiosa, or Peepal tree, holds significance in the cultural and spiritual realms. The study emphasizes its importance in local diets, serving as a symbol of the relationship between nature, health, and culture.

57) Aegle marmelos:
Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael, is valued for its medicinal uses. The study highlights its role in traditional diets and its recognition for health benefits among the local tribes.

58) Embelia ribes:
Embelia ribes, known as false black pepper, is included for its culinary and potential health benefits. The study underscores how this wild edible contributes to the diversity and nutrition of tribal diets.

59) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the geographic and ecological context of the study area. It involves understanding the environmental features and biodiversity that impact the availability of wild edible plants consumed by local tribes.

60) Kollimalai (Koḷḷimālai):
Kollimalai is a significant geographical reference point that may share similar cultural and ecological characteristics with Bodha Hills. Understanding such connections enhances the overall comprehension of indigenous practices surrounding local edible plants.

61) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing the findings of the study in context with existing literature. It is crucial for validating the importance of wild edible plants in tribal diets and understanding their contributions to nutrition and local cultures.

62) Developing:
Developing signifies the ongoing need to promote awareness and appreciation for wild edible plants. The study advocates for more research and community practices that recognize the importance of these resources in addressing food security.

63) Ploughing:
Ploughing suggests agricultural practices that interconnect with wild plant foraging. The study emphasizes how traditional agricultural knowledge often overlaps with the gathering of wild edibles, reflecting the intertwined relationship between cultivation and natural resources.

64) Pillaiyar (Piḷḷaiyār):
Pillaiyar refers to the local deity worshipped within the tribes. The spiritual practices associated with Pillaiyar demonstrate how culture influences the collection and use of wild edible plants, enhancing their significance in traditional diets.

65) Elephant:
Elephant may refer to the cultural symbolism surrounding elephants in local traditions. This association highlights the interconnectedness of wildlife and human practices in the context of wild edible plant collection within the forested regions.

66) Relative:
Relative indicates the scientific classification terms that categorize plants within broader families or genera. The study's documentation provides an understanding of the botanical relationships that support the ecological health of the region.

67) Siddhar:
Siddhar relates to traditional practitioners of spiritual healing within Tamil culture. This term illuminates the role of traditional medicine and the significance of wild edible plants in both culinary and healing practices.

68) Sadachi:
Sadachi refers to a local phrase or name connected to specific edible plants. Understanding such terms is essential for appreciating the cultural nuances that influence the identification and use of wild plants in local diets.

69) Pandiya (Paṃḍiya):
Pandiya may reference historical narratives linked to the tribes and their ancestral practices. Recognizing these narratives helps to contextualize the ongoing relationship between culture, tradition, and the use of wild edible plants.

70) Hanuman (Hanumat, Hanūmat, Hanumān, Hanūmān):
Hanuman signifies another deity revered within the tribal spiritual practices. The association with local deities highlights the intersection of ecology and spirituality in the traditions surrounding the collection and use of wild edible plants.

71) Nerunji (Nerunjī):
Nerunji refers to a plant species with potential medicinal properties. The mention of this plant underscores the importance of recognizing local flora that contributes to traditional medicine and nutritional diversity within tribal diets.

72) Nannari (Nannāri, Naṉṉāri):
Nannari, a wild edible herb, is noted for its health benefits. Its inclusion in local diets highlights how traditional knowledge systems recognize the nutritional value and medicinal properties of indigenous plants.

73) Habitat:
Habitat refers to the specific ecosystem where wild edible plants grow. The Bodha Hills' rich biodiversity and habitat uniqueness are crucial for sustaining the health of the local tribes, providing varied food resources.

74) Meeting:
Meeting involves gathering of knowledge and practices between generations. This process is vital for preserving traditional uses of plants and ensuring the continuity of cultural heritage within the tribal communities.

75) Account:
Account pertains to recorded observations and ethnobotanical information gathered during the study. It emphasizes the need for documentation to safeguard indigenous knowledge regarding the use of wild edible plants.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 111]