Effect of heavy metals in arachis hypogea l (groundnut) and its treatment
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effect of heavy metals in arachis hypogea l (groundnut) and its treatment
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Damera Vineeth, Chinna. Venkateshwar and Syeda Azeem Unnisa
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Effect of heavy metals in arachis hypogea l (groundnut) and its treatment
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the toxicity of heavy metals in groundnut plants (Arachis hypogea) and explores the remediation potential of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Heavy metal contamination in soil poses significant environmental stress for plants and can lead to various toxic effects. The research was conducted in controlled pot culture experiments to assess the impact of heavy metal exposure on the plant’s growth and productivity.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Plant Parts
The study found that Arachis hypogea accumulated high concentrations of nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in its roots, stems, leaves, and seeds when grown in soil contaminated with these heavy metals. Treatments involving 1% calcium hydroxide were shown to significantly reduce heavy metal concentrations in all parts of the plant compared to untreated controls, highlighting the potential of Ca(OH)2 as an effective remediation strategy.
Role of Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide not only mitigated the absorption of heavy metals but also enhanced plant growth and productivity. The application of 1% Ca(OH)2 reversed growth suppression observed in plants subjected to high heavy metal concentrations. This treatment resulted in reduced levels of Ni, Cd, and Cr, allowing the plants to thrive despite the presence of these toxic heavy metals in the soil.
Interactions Between Heavy Metals and Soil
The research emphasizes the crucial interactions between heavy metals and soil properties that influence metal bioavailability. It suggests that plants can alter enzymatic and biochemical pathways to reduce heavy metal uptake, thereby enhancing their tolerance to such stressors. The rhizosphere plays a significant role in mediating these interactions, affecting nutrient availability and the overall health of the plant.
Conclusion
Overall, the study concludes that Arachis hypogea is susceptible to heavy metal contamination, which adversely affects its yield and nutritional quality. However, the application of calcium hydroxide proves beneficial in remediating heavy metal toxicity and promoting plant growth. It is recommended that crops harvested from polluted areas be sourced from unpolluted habitats to ensure safety for human and animal consumption.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Arachis hypogea?
The study investigates the toxicity of heavy metals in Arachis hypogea and explores treatment methods using calcium hydroxide to mitigate heavy metal uptake and improve plant health.
How were the pot culture experiments conducted?
Pot culture experiments were conducted in a greenhouse setting, consisting of three treatments: control (no heavy metals), heavy metal-spiked soil, and soil treated with heavy metals plus 1% calcium hydroxide.
What heavy metals were tested in the experiments?
The heavy metals tested include nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr), with specific concentrations prepared for the soil treatments.
What effect did calcium hydroxide have on heavy metal uptake?
Calcium hydroxide treatment significantly reduced the concentrations of heavy metals in the plant parts, suggesting it helps inhibit toxic metal uptake in Arachis hypogea.
What were the findings regarding nickel concentration in the plants?
Nickel concentrations in plant parts were reduced with calcium hydroxide treatment, indicating that it serves as an effective barrier against heavy metal entry in Arachis hypogea.
What is the conclusion of the study regarding edible plants?
The study concludes that Arachis hypogea cultivated in polluted areas can be hazardous, emphasizing the use of calcium hydroxide to ensure lower heavy metal concentrations in edible parts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of heavy metals in arachis hypogea l (groundnut) and its treatment”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Soil:
Soil plays a crucial role in plant growth and serves as the medium through which essential nutrients and heavy metals are absorbed by plants. The study highlights the impact of contaminated soil, enriched with heavy metals, on the health and productivity of Arachis hypogea, showcasing the importance of soil quality in agriculture and environmental health.
2) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the harmful effects of substances, such as heavy metals, on living organisms. In the context of this study, heavy metal toxicity adversely affects Arachis hypogea, leading to diminished growth and productivity. Understanding toxicity is essential for developing remediation strategies to protect plants and ensure food safety.
3) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, encompassing their physiology, structure, growth, and interactions with the environment. This study, conducted within a botany department, focuses on Arachis hypogea, examining how heavy metal contamination affects this crop and exploring methods to mitigate its impact on plant health.
4) Agriculture:
Agriculture involves the cultivation of plants and livestock for food, fiber, and other products. The study directly relates to agricultural practices by highlighting the effects of heavy metals on the yield and quality of Arachis hypogea, an important oilseed crop, and emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to safeguard crop health.
5) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. This research exemplifies scientific inquiry by investigating the effects of heavy metal contamination on Arachis hypogea and testing calcium hydroxide as a remedial treatment, contributing to our understanding of environmental science and plant biology.
6) Water:
Water is vital for plant growth and health, serving as a solvent for nutrients and facilitating various physiological processes. Although the study primarily focuses on soil, the quality of water and its interaction with soil contaminants influence the uptake of heavy metals, making it an essential factor in overall plant vitality.
7) Discussion:
Discussion in research refers to the analytical conversation surrounding the results and implications of a study. In this article, the discussion elaborates on the findings related to heavy metal toxicity in Arachis hypogea, evaluates the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide treatment, and contextualizes the results within broader environmental and agricultural frameworks.
8) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate denotes the buildup or gathering of substances over time. The study emphasizes how heavy metals can accumulate in various plant parts of Arachis hypogea when exposed to contaminated soil, illustrating the potential health risks associated with consuming such crops, highlighting the need for strategies to manage heavy metal levels.
9) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the understanding gained through experience and education. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding plant response to heavy metal toxicity, revealing how treatments like calcium hydroxide can mitigate harmful effects, thereby informing future research and agricultural practices aimed at enhancing crop safety and productivity.
10) Pesticide:
Pesticide refers to chemicals used to kill or control pests that threaten crops. The study mentions the cultivation of Arachis hypogea without pesticides, underscoring the importance of maintaining healthy agricultural practices. This approach not only prevents chemical residue in food but also ensures a healthier environment for plant growth.
11) Activity:
Activity encompasses the actions or processes that occur within living organisms, including physiological responses to environmental stressors. In this context, the study examines the activity of Arachis hypogea in response to heavy metal exposure, analyzing how different treatments can influence plant growth and mitigate negative effects.
12) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something, which in this case relates to the health and safety of crops. The study assesses the quality of Arachis hypogea in terms of heavy metal concentrations, emphasizing the need for managing soil quality to ensure safe production of food crops for human and animal consumption.
13) Habitat:
Habitat encompasses the natural environment in which a species lives and interacts with other organisms. This study suggests collecting Arachis hypogea from unpolluted habitats to avoid heavy metal contamination, highlighting the importance of habitat preservation in promoting biodiversity and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
14) Chinna (Chinnā):
Chinna refers to one of the authors of this research, indicating collaboration in the scientific investigation. The involvement of multiple researchers like Chinna adds diverse expertise to the study, enhancing the credibility and depth of the research findings and demonstrating the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry.
15) Manure:
Manure is organic matter used as fertilizer to enrich soil fertility. This study emphasizes the absence of manure in the cultivation of Arachis hypogea, which likely affects nutrient availability. The role of manure in agricultural practices is critical for sustainable farming, improving soil health, and promoting plant growth.