Study on Carpolobia lutea stem-bark extract's antioxidant and gastroprotection.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Study on radical scavenging and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic stem-bark extract of carpolobia lutea in rodents
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Lucky Legbosi Nwidu, Jonah Sydney Aprioku, Fred Horsfal Guluye
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Study on radical scavenging and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic stem-bark extract of carpolobia lutea in rodents
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Carpolobia lutea (CL) is a medicinal plant from the Polygalaceae family, traditionally recognized for its antiulcer properties in folkloric medicine. Prior studies have shown that various parts of the plant, particularly the leaf extracts, exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, including gastroprotective, antinociceptive, and antimicrobial effects. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of the ethanolic stem-bark extract of CL in rodent models of induced gastric ulcers, utilizing methods that include administration of indomethacin, ethanol, stress, and serotonin.
Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profile
The antioxidant potential of the ethanolic stem-bark extract of CL was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results indicated minimal radical scavenging activity compared to standard antioxidants. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of beneficial compounds such as saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and glycosides, which are thought to contribute significantly to its gastroprotective effects. HPLC analysis identified essential amino acids like Tyrosine, Glutamine, and Arginine, suggesting that these components may play a role in the extract's therapeutic action.
Gastroprotective Effects in Rodent Models
Gastroprotective assessments were conducted using models of gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin, ethanol, and immobilization stress in rats. The study found that administration of the CL stem-bark extract led to significant reductions in ulcer indices, demonstrating a protective effect against gastric tissue damage. Specifically, combinations of the extract with standard drug Cimetidine resulted in the highest degree of mucosal protection and ulcer inhibition, reinforcing the traditional use of CL as a remedy for gastric ailments.
Toxicological Analysis
The acute toxicity of the CL ethanolic stem-bark extract was evaluated in Swiss albino mice to determine its LD50. This study established a relatively high LD50 of 866.025 mg/kg, indicating that while the extract demonstrates substantial therapeutic benefits, it still possesses potential toxicity at elevated doses. Consequently, appropriate dosages were determined for further pharmacological testing without compromising animal welfare.
Conclusion
This research confirms the gastroprotective properties of the ethanolic stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea, supporting its use in traditional medicine as an antiulcer agent. The findings indicate that the extract contains bioactive compounds that contribute to its efficacy in mitigating gastric damage in rodent models. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the specific active constituents responsible for these beneficial effects and to explore their mechanisms of action in gastric mucosa protection.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Carpolobia lutea?
The study investigates the antioxidant activity and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea used as an antiulcer in traditional medicine.
What were the models used to induce gastric ulceration?
Gastric ulceration was induced using acute models such as indomethacin, ethanol, stress, and serotonin.
What were the significant findings regarding ulcer inhibition rates?
Ulcer inhibition rates were notably significant at varying doses, with the combination of CL ESE and Cimetidine showing the highest inhibition rate of 90%.
What phytochemicals were identified in Carpolobia lutea extract?
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and glycosides, indicating potential bioactive compounds.
What is the calculated LD50 of the extract in the study?
The calculated LD50 of the ethanolic stem-bark extract was found to be 866.025 mg/kg using intraperitoneal administration.
Why is Carpolobia lutea important in ethnomedicine?
Carpolobia lutea is recognized in ethnomedicine for its effectiveness as a stomach remedy, suggesting a role in managing peptic ulcer diseases.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study on Carpolobia lutea stem-bark extract's antioxidant and gastroprotection.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. It is often caused by factors such as the use of NSAIDs, excessive alcohol consumption, or infections like Helicobacter pylori. Understanding ulcers is critical in pharmacology and gastroenterology for effective treatment and prevention.
2) Water:
Water is essential for all living organisms and is crucial in biological processes. In the context of this study, it plays a significant role in inducing gastric ulcers through water immersion stress models, allowing researchers to evaluate gastroprotective properties of medicinal plants against stress-induced mucosal injury.
3) Drug:
A drug is a substance that alters physiological functions in the body. In the context of pharmacology, drugs can be used for various therapeutic effects, including the management of ulcers. The study investigates the efficacy of Carpolobia lutea's extract as a potential antiulcer drug.
4) Activity:
Activity refers to the effect or action of a substance, in this case, the bioactivity of extracts from Carpolobia lutea. The study measures various activities like antioxidant and antiulcer actions, providing insights into how these extracts may protect against gastric injuries and their potential therapeutic applications.
5) Medicine:
Medicine is the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This study contributes to the understanding of traditional medicine practices, particularly the use of Carpolobia lutea in ethnomedicine as a remedy for ulcers, emphasizing the need for further clinical validation.
6) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that focuses on drug action, interactions, and therapeutic effects. This study's exploration of the antiulcer effects of Carpolobia lutea highlights the importance of pharmacology in developing safe and effective treatments from natural sources.
7) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the effects and mechanisms of drugs and natural substances on biological systems. This study evaluates the pharmacological efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Carpolobia lutea, aiming to reveal its potential in treating gastric ulcers and informing future drug development.
8) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can cause harm to an organism. This study measures the acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract to establish safety parameters, crucial for determining the dosage for pharmacological studies and ensuring safe use in therapeutic contexts.
9) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body. In ulcer research, maintaining gastric microcirculation and blood flow is crucial for mucosal integrity. This study indirectly connects blood flow mechanisms to the gastroprotective effects of herbal extracts.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants, often responsible for medicinal properties. The study identifies key phytochemicals present in Carpolobia lutea, assessing their roles in antioxidant and antiulcer activities and underscoring the potential for developing new treatments based on these natural products.
11) Toxicology:
Toxicology studies the nature and effects of poison or harmful substances on living organisms. The study's focus on the LD50 of Carpolobia lutea contributes to the field of toxicology by establishing the safety profiles of natural extracts, which is essential for their medicinal use.
12) Science (Scientific):
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions. This study exemplifies scientific research methodology by applying experimental techniques to investigate the gastroprotective properties of a medicinal plant, contributing to the broader field of pharmacognosy.
13) Hand:
Hand refers to the manual skill or craft associated with performing tasks. In a research context, 'hand' can imply the skillful techniques used during laboratory experiments. Proper handling and preparation of plant extracts and careful execution of pharmacological assays are critical for obtaining reliable results.
14) Substance:
A substance is a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. The study focuses on plant substances derived from Carpolobia lutea, examining their bioactive properties to understand their role in protecting against gastric mucosal injuries and contributing to potential therapeutic applications.
15) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema is the medical term for swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues. In the context of ulcers, edematous changes may indicate gastric mucosal injury. The study assesses various pharmacological extracts' potential to mitigate such effects and restore normal tissue integrity.
16) Anogeissus latifolia:
Anogeissus latifolia is a medicinal plant known for its antiulcer properties. It serves as a comparative reference within ulcer research. Highlighting studies on diverse plant species, including Carpolobia lutea, fosters a broader understanding of natural products in treating ulcers and gastrointestinal disorders.
17) Veterinary medicine:
Veterinary medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases in animals. The significance of this study extends to veterinary applications, as understanding plant extracts can contribute to animal health, especially concerning gastrointestinal safety and effective treatments.
18) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical component of scientific research where results are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, the discussion section elaborates on the implications of findings regarding the efficacy of Carpolobia lutea in treating ulcers, highlighting its medicinal potential and needs for further research.
19) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding and information gained through experience and education. This study contributes knowledge in pharmacognosy and ethnomedicine, enhancing the understanding of plant-based treatments for ulcers and facilitating the integration of traditional practices into modern therapeutic frameworks.
20) Channel:
Channel can refer to pathways through which substances move or are delivered. In pharmacological terms, it may involve ion channels or drug delivery mechanisms. Understanding how compounds from Carpolobia lutea traverse biological pathways enhances our knowledge of their mechanisms of action in garlic protection.
21) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, and medicinal uses. The identification and characterization of Carpolobia lutea in this study underscore the essential role of botany in discovering new therapeutic agents and understanding the relationship between plants and pharmacology.
22) Pausha (Pauṣa):
Pausa refers to a period of rest or cessation. In the context of the study, it could imply pauses in treatment or observation during experiments. Carefully planned pauses allow researchers to assess the outcomes and physiological responses of subjects effectively.
23) Cilli (Cillī):
Cilli, referring to Prof. Eduardo Cilli, serves as an educational reference in the research. His contributions to amino acid profiling emphasize the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry. Acknowledging the roles of various researchers strengthens the credibility and applicability of the findings.
24) Ghana (Ghanā, Ghāṇa, Ghāna):
Ghana is a West African country known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicine practices. The study references traditional uses of Carpolobia lutea, connecting the local plant's ethnobotanical background to its potential pharmacological applications within Ghana's medical landscape.
25) Post:
Post refers to something that follows or comes after a specific condition. In research, it often involves post-experimental analysis and discussion. The post-experimental evaluations focus on interpreting results, drawing conclusions, and suggesting future research directions based on the outcomes of medicinal studies.