Antioxidant evaluation of methanol extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of antioxidant nature of methanol extracts from leaf, bark and wood of pterocarpus santalinus l
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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P. Jyothi Chaitanya, R. Chandra shekar, N. Lakshmi Bhavani,Angajala Kishore Kumar and Pochampalli.Jalapathi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of antioxidant nature of methanol extracts from leaf, bark and wood of pterocarpus santalinus l
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Short summary of the chapter:
The study investigates the antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from the leaf, bark, and wood of Pterocarpus santalinus, commonly known as red sanders. Free radicals are known to initiate various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular issues, prompting the need for effective antioxidants. Natural antioxidants from plants are deemed safer alternatives to synthetic options, which may have adverse health effects. The study highlights the importance of traditional plants in medicinal applications, particularly in providing potent antioxidant compounds that can mitigate free radical damage.
One significant finding of the study is the free radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus. The extracts were evaluated using the DPPH assay, which measures the ability to neutralize free radicals. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the methanol leaf, bark, and wood extracts exhibited substantial DPPH radical inhibition of 61.7%, 52.7%, and 68.7%, respectively. Notably, the wood extracts demonstrated higher antioxidant activity compared to the leaves and bark, suggesting that different parts of the plant possess varying levels of effectiveness as antioxidants.
Another important aspect discussed is the phytochemical composition of Pterocarpus santalinus. The plant is rich in phenols and flavonoids, which are known for their antioxidant properties. These compounds play a crucial role in scavenging free radicals, thus reinforcing the potential therapeutic benefits of the plant. The presence of diverse bioactive compounds underscores the plant's significance in traditional medicine and its applicability in modern pharmacology.
Additionally, the research establishes a comparative analysis between the antioxidant activities of various plant parts. The methanol extracts from the wood yielded superior free radical scavenging activities compared to both the leaf and bark extracts. This suggests that the wood might serve as a more valuable source of antioxidants for both medicinal and commercial applications, reinforcing the necessity for further exploration of its potential uses.
In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate that the methanol extracts from the leaf, bark, and wood of Pterocarpus santalinus possess notable antioxidant properties. The observed efficacy of the wood extracts, in particular, positions this plant as a promising candidate for natural antioxidants that could be utilized in medicinal and commercial contexts. Further research into the specific bioactive compounds responsible for these effects could enhance our understanding and allow for the development of effective antioxidant therapies derived from natural sources.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of the study on Pterocarpus santalinus?
The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from the leaf, bark, and wood of Pterocarpus santalinus using the DPPH assay to determine their ability to scavenge free radicals.
What were the significant findings related to antioxidant activity?
The methanol extracts demonstrated significant DPPH radical inhibition: 61.7% for leaves, 52.7% for bark, and 68.7% for wood at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, indicating strong antioxidant potential.
What are the health implications of free radicals mentioned in the study?
Free radicals can cause tissue damage and are linked to various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and liver damage. Antioxidants help neutralize these harmful free radicals.
Why are natural antioxidants preferred over synthetic ones?
Natural antioxidants, like those from plants, are preferred due to their safety and effectiveness, as synthetic antioxidants may cause negative health effects or side effects.
What methods were used to extract the plant materials?
Healthy plant materials were shade-dried, ground into powder, and soaked in methanol. The extracts were filtered, concentrated, and stored for further analysis, specifically using the DPPH assay.
What role do phenols and flavonoids play in antioxidant activity?
Phenols and flavonoids are phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties. They scavenge free radicals effectively, contributing to the overall antioxidant activity observed in plant extracts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antioxidant evaluation of methanol extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the ability of a substance to produce a specific effect or response, in this case, the free radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus. It is a critical measurement in pharmacological studies as it determines the efficacy of compounds in biological systems, particularly in combating oxidative stress.
2) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that play a crucial role in their antioxidant properties. These compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids in Pterocarpus santalinus, help neutralize free radicals and prevent cellular damage. Their relevance in medicine and nutrition underlines the importance of natural ingredients in health and therapeutic applications.
3) Drug:
A drug is a substance that causes a physiological change in the body and is often used in the treatment of diseases. In the context of the study, methanol extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus are evaluated for their potential as natural drugs due to their antioxidant and therapeutic properties, reflecting a growing trend in pharmacognosy.
4) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals with known antioxidant properties, contributing to the free radical scavenging activity observed in Pterocarpus santalinus extracts. They help protect cells from oxidative damage and are associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects, making them significant in dietary and medicinal contexts.
5) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In this study of Pterocarpus santalinus, scientific methods are utilized to assess the antioxidant properties, highlighting the intersection of botany, chemistry, and pharmacology in understanding plant-based compounds.
6) Cancer:
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth due to gene mutations often exacerbated by oxidative stress. The study investigates natural antioxidants from Pterocarpus santalinus, which may play a preventive role against cancer by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing DNA damage and potentially lowering cancer risk.
7) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. The investigation of Pterocarpus santalinus extracts for their antioxidant properties emphasizes the role of natural products in modern medicine, particularly in providing alternatives to synthetic compounds for disease prevention and treatment.
8) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes. This study focuses on Pterocarpus santalinus, examining its leaves, bark, and wood, demonstrating the importance of botany in discovering and understanding plant-derived compounds that offer medicinal benefits and ecological significance.
9) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation refers to the process of changing something in form or appearance. In the context of the DPPH assay, the transformation of DPPH from a purple to a yellow state indicates the reduction caused by the antioxidant activity of extracts from Pterocarpus santalinus, illustrating the measurable effect of the substance's free radical scavenging ability.
10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The study mentions the biological activities of Pterocarpus santalinus, including its antibacterial properties, which suggest its potential use in traditional medicine for treating bacterial infections, thereby complementing its antioxidant capabilities in promoting health.
11) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. The antioxidant properties of Pterocarpus santalinus may also play a role in reducing inflammation, suggesting that these extracts could be beneficial in managing inflammatory conditions, hence their significance in medicinal research.
12) Krishnaveni (Kṛṣṇaveṇī, Krishna-veni):
Krishnaveni is likely a reference to one of the researchers or contributors in the study of Pterocarpus santalinus. Acknowledging specific individuals helps in recognizing the collaborative nature of scientific research and the contributions made by different researchers towards understanding the pharmacological aspects of the plant.
13) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical phase in research reporting where findings are interpreted and explained. In the context of the study, the discussion of Pterocarpus santalinus highlights its antioxidant properties and biological significance, allowing researchers to draw conclusions and suggest further research directions based on their findings.
14) Substance:
Substance refers to a specific material with distinct properties. In the study, it pertains to the methanol extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus, which contain various phytochemicals exhibiting antioxidant properties, underscoring the importance of these substances in therapeutic applications and their potential health benefits.
15) Scorpion:
Scorpion may refer to the traditional use of Pterocarpus santalinus in folk medicine for treating scorpion stings or bites. This highlights the cultural significance and historical context of plant usage in indigenous therapies, showcasing the blend of traditional knowledge and modern scientific inquiry.
16) Lakshmi (Lakṣmī):
Lakshmi, likely representing one of the authors or contributors in the research study, embodies the collaborative efforts entailed in scientific research. Recognizing individuals involved underscores the teamwork needed to advance knowledge in pharmacognosy and the study of medicinal plants.
17) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent involved in the extraction process of phytochemicals from plant materials. In this study, water is implicitly significant as it supports the extraction of the antioxidant components of Pterocarpus santalinus, emphasizing the methods used to analyze the plant's medicinal properties.
18) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach or intestines, often linked with oxidative stress. The traditional uses of Pterocarpus santalinus mention gastric ulcers, indicating a potential application of its antioxidant properties in preventing or treating such conditions, thereby aligning with medicinal objectives.