Preconcentration of Sudan I dye using β-cyclodextrin polymer.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preconcentration of sudan i dye using ?-cyclodextrin butanediol diglycidyl ether polymer as the solid phase extractant
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Rupinder Kaur, and Dr. Usha Gupta
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Preconcentration of sudan i dye using ?-cyclodextrin butanediol diglycidyl ether polymer as the solid phase extractant
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Short summary of the chapter:
Sudan I is a synthetic azo dye commonly utilized in various industries, including food, to enhance visual aesthetics. However, it poses severe health risks, being a potential carcinogen linked to liver and bladder tumors. Due to these dangers, its use as a food additive is strictly prohibited by multiple regulatory bodies. Despite this, there have been instances of illegal usage in food items like chili powder to achieve a vibrant red color. This underscores the urgent need for effective methods to identify Sudan I in food products.
One important concept in this study is the preconcentration of Sudan I dye using β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP). The research developed a solid phase extraction method that allows for the preconcentration of Sudan I at trace levels. Various parameters, such as pH, shaking time, and amount of adsorbent, were optimized to ensure maximum absorption of the dye. The optimized conditions included a pH of 2.0, a shaking period of 120 minutes, and the use of 300 mg of the polymer to achieve a quantitative recovery of the dye in different food samples.
Another significant aspect is the analytical application of the developed method. The research successfully applied the preconcentration technique to quantify Sudan I in food samples, like chili powder and chili sauce. The results displayed high recoveries, indicating the effectiveness of the method in detecting this harmful dye in widely consumed products.
Additionally, the method's advantages lie in its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The synthesis of the β-cyclodextrin polymer is straightforward, and the overall procedure affords high accuracy, stability, and repeatability. These characteristics make the method practical for routine analysis in food safety assessments.
In conclusion, the study presents a reliable and efficient approach for the detection of Sudan I dye in food samples. The developed preconcentration method not only addresses the health concerns associated with this dye but also provides a valuable tool for regulatory monitoring, ultimately ensuring the safety and integrity of food products.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of this study on Sudan I dye?
The study aims to develop a solid phase extraction method for preconcentrating Sudan I dye at trace levels using β-cyclodextrin polymer, followed by its detection through UV-VIS spectrophotometry.
Why is Sudan I dye significant in food safety?
Sudan I is a synthetic azo dye linked to potential cancer risks. Its illegal use in food products highlights the need for effective detection methods due to health concerns regarding its carcinogenic properties.
What parameters were optimized in this study for dye extraction?
Parameters optimized include pH, shaking time, sample volume, amount of polymer, and agitation speed, ensuring maximum % uptake of Sudan I during extraction.
How was the polymer for this study synthesized?
The β-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized by dissolving β-CD in NaOH, adding butanediol diglycidyl ether, allowing polymer formation, and then drying it at 90ºC.
What types of food samples were tested for Sudan I detection?
Chili powder and chili sauce samples from the market were tested for the presence of Sudan I dye using the developed extraction method.
What were the recovery rates achieved in the study for food samples?
Recovery rates for the chili powder and sauce were 100% and 99.81%, respectively, indicating high accuracy and reliability of the extraction method.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Preconcentration of Sudan I dye using β-cyclodextrin polymer.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cilli (Cillī):
Chilli refers to a widely used spice made from ground dried chilies, often found in food recipes to provide heat and flavor. In this study, it is significant as a food sample in which the harmful dye Sudan I was detected, emphasizing the need for awareness regarding food safety and dye contamination.
2) Gupta (Guptā):
Gupta is the surname of Dr. Usha Gupta, the corresponding author of this research study. Her involvement indicates the academic and professional contribution to the field of chemistry, particularly in the area of food safety and the development of methods to detect harmful substances like Sudan I in food products.
3) Water:
Water is the primary solvent used in the experiments described in the study. Double distilled water ensures purity and consistency in chemical reactions and measurements, making it essential for preparing solutions, diluting dyes, and cleaning apparatus, which directly affects the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results.
4) Glass:
Glass refers to the material of the laboratory wares used throughout the experiments. The integrity of glass instruments, such as quartz cells and volumetric flasks, affects measurement accuracy in spectrophotometry, highlighting the importance of using properly cleaned glassware to avoid contamination and ensure valid experimental outcomes.
5) Usa (Uṣā, Usā, Ūsa, Usha, Uṣa, Ūṣā, Ūṣa):
Usha is the first name of Dr. Usha Gupta, who led the research study. Her contributions and expertise in chemistry are highlighted, indicating the importance of qualified researchers in advancing knowledge and techniques to detect harmful dyes in food, underlining the relevance of professional leadership in academic research.
6) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the study where results are interpreted, analyzed, and contextualized in relation to existing literature and applications. This section is critical for understanding the implications of the findings, addressing limitations, and suggesting future research directions, thus fostering a deeper understanding of the study's significance.
7) Cancer:
Cancer is a severe health concern linked to the carcinogenic properties of Sudan I dye. The study emphasizes the risks of using such dyes in food products, highlighting the need for effective detection methods to safeguard public health and prevent potential carcinogenic exposure from contaminated food sources.
8) Hand:
Hand in this context likely refers to the manual skills required for laboratory procedures, such as the preparation of reagents and the execution of experiments. Proper handling ensures accurate measurements and effective manipulation of materials, reflecting the importance of well-developed laboratory skills in producing reliable and reproducible scientific results.