Quercus infectoria Gall Extract Boosts hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Activity
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Quercus infectoria Gall Extract Enhanced the Proliferation and Activity of Human Fetal Osteoblast Cell Line (hFOB 1.19)
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the effects of Quercus infectoria (QI) gall extract on the proliferation and differentiation of a human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19). Osteoblasts play a crucial role in bone remodeling, and their activity is balanced with that of osteoclasts to maintain bone health. Notably, biochemical markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin indicate the activity of osteoblasts, which are significant in the diagnosis and management of bone diseases like osteoporosis. The increasing interest in natural products for managing such conditions prompted this research on QI, a tree recognized in traditional medicine for its beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone health-promoting effects.
Proliferative Effects of QI on Osteoblasts
The research found that the effective concentration (EC50) of QI gall extract that promotes hFOB 1.19 cell proliferation was 10.30 μg/mL, which is lower than that of the established osteoporotic drug pamidronate, which had an EC50 of 16.09 μg/mL. This indicates that QI is a more effective proliferative agent for osteoblasts relative to pamidronate. Furthermore, treatment with QI significantly increased the levels of ALP and osteocalcin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that QI not only promotes cell proliferation but also enhances osteoblastic differentiation. The morphology of the treated cells reflected these findings, as QI-treated cells appeared elongated and densely packed, whereas pamidronate-treated cells were less dense and showed signs of cellular deterioration.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that QI gall extract exhibits superior effects on osteoblast proliferation compared to pamidronate, making it a promising candidate for osteoporosis treatment. The extract enhances key markers associated with bone formation, such as ALP and osteocalcin, suggesting an anabolic effect on osteoblasts. These results encourage further investigation into the use of QI gall extract as a natural therapeutic option for improving bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis, potentially leading to the development of safer, plant-based alternatives to conventional osteoporotic drugs.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Hermizi HAPIDIN, Dalila ROZELAN, Hasmah ABDULLAH, Wan Nurhidayah WAN HANAFFI, Ima Nirwana SOELAIMAN
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Quercus infectoria Gall Extract Enhanced the Proliferation and Activity of Human Fetal Osteoblast Cell Line (hFOB 1.19)
Year: 2015
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What effects does Quercus infectoria gall extract have on osteoblasts?
Quercus infectoria gall extract enhances the proliferation of osteoblasts and increases levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin, indicating improved bone formation.
How was the effectiveness of Quercus infectoria measured in this study?
The effectiveness was measured through half maximal effective concentration (EC50) determination, cell proliferation assays over 14 days, and evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin levels.
What were the findings regarding the EC50 of QI extract?
The study found that the EC50 for QI extract was 10.30 μg/mL, which was more effective compared to pamidronate's EC50 of 16.09 μg/mL.
What is the significance of increased ALP and osteocalcin levels?
Increased ALP and osteocalcin levels indicate enhanced osteoblastic activity and bone formation, suggesting the potential of QI extract as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Quercus infectoria Gall Extract Boosts hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Activity”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the various biochemical and cellular processes occurring within organisms. In the context of this study, it emphasizes the importance of measuring the biological activity of different substances on osteoblasts, particularly focusing on the role of Quercus infectoria extract in stimulating cell proliferation and markers of bone formation.
2) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to conducting systematic research to understand specific phenomena. The act of studying Quercus infectoria highlights the importance of scientific inquiry in discovering natural therapeutic agents for bone health, and it represents a proactive approach toward addressing diseases like osteoporosis.
3) Medium:
Medium refers to the nutrient solution used for growing cells in vitro. In this research, it highlights the role of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, which supports the hFOB 1.19 osteoblast cell line during the experiment, facilitating the interaction between the cells and the treatment, thus influencing outcomes.
4) Disease:
Disease signifies pathological conditions affecting health, such as osteoporosis. The study's focus on bone formation and the effects of natural extracts like Quercus infectoria underscores the relevance of finding alternative treatments for metabolic bone diseases, aiming to improve patient outcomes and address disease progression effectively.
5) Mineral:
Mineral refers to naturally occurring inorganic substances essential for various bodily functions, including bone health. The text emphasizes the importance of minerals like calcium and phosphorus found in Quercus infectoria, which contribute to bone mineralization and could aid in preventing diseases like osteoporosis.
6) Drug:
Drug represents any chemical substance used for treating, diagnosing, or preventing diseases. The study compares the effects of Quercus infectoria extract to pamidronate, an established osteoporosis drug, highlighting the significance of researching natural alternatives that may provide similar benefits with fewer side effects.
7) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a range of diseases characterized by unregulated cell growth. While the study primarily focuses on bone health, the background context suggests the importance of exploring natural products' effects in multiple medical fields, including cancer treatment, thereby broadening the understanding of phytochemical applications.
8) Table:
Table refers to an organized representation of data, commonly used in scientific studies. The study highlights various measured values and results visually, aiding in the presentation and interpretation of findings regarding the effects of Quercus infectoria on cell proliferation and biochemical markers.
9) Line:
Line in this context refers to the hFOB 1.19 cell line, a human osteoblast model used in research. The cell line serves a vital role in studying osteoblast behavior, particularly its response to treatments, helping to understand mechanisms influencing bone formation and health.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to bioactive compounds derived from plants that have health benefits. In the study, specific phytochemicals found in Quercus infectoria are investigated for their potential anabolic effects on osteoblasts, demonstrating the relevance of these compounds in promoting bone health and development.
11) Surface:
Surface refers to the area of a cell or material that interacts with the environment or other cells. The study evaluates how osteoblasts attach and grow on surfaces treated with different substances, focusing on their morphological changes and potential for proliferation, which is crucial for bone formation.
12) Water:
Water is a universal solvent and essential for life. In the study, it is involved in the preparation of Quercus infectoria extract, facilitating the extraction of beneficial compounds. Understanding the role of water in biological processes is critical for maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell growth.
13) Post:
Post signifies a subsequent phase or stage. In this context, it likely relates to post-treatment assessments, where the study measures osteoblast responses after exposure to Quercus infectoria and controls, examining the sustained impact on cell proliferation and biochemical markers.
14) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy refers to the treatment of diseases, particularly cancer, using chemical agents. While the study focuses on bone health, the mention of chemotherapy highlights the broader context where research on natural products, like Quercus infectoria, may provide alternative supportive therapies for patients undergoing intensive treatments.
15) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of Quercus infectoria after extraction, which is used in treatments. In this study, the powdered extract plays a crucial role in experimental procedures, exploring how its administration affects osteoblast activity and overall bone-related processes.
16) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia is a traditional medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties. The reference to this plant emphasizes the significance of exploring diverse natural extracts alongside Quercus infectoria, broadening the scope of research in finding effective treatments for bone and other diseases.
17) Pharmacotherapeutics:
Pharmacotherapeutics refers to the study of how drugs are used to treat diseases. In this study, it ties into the evaluation of Quercus infectoria against established treatments like pamidronate, assessing the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies to enhance bone health and combat diseases like osteoporosis.
18) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with drugs and their effects on living organisms. This study contributes to pharmacology by investigating the bioactive compounds in Quercus infectoria and their possible functions in stimulating osteoblasts, ultimately informing future drug development for bone disorders.
19) Observation:
Observation involves monitoring and documenting phenomena during an experiment. In this study, careful observation of the hFOB 1.19 cells' morphology and activity after treatment is essential for understanding the effects of QI extract, thus contributing to the analysis and conclusions drawn in the research.
20) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge. Within the text, it encapsulates the rigorous methodologies and principles applied in researching Quercus infectoria, underlining science's role in promoting discoveries that can foster advancements in health and medicine.
21) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing and treating illnesses. The study’s exploration of natural extracts like Quercus infectoria highlights a growing interest in integrating traditional medicinal knowledge with modern scientific approaches, aiming to discover safe and effective therapies for bone health and related diseases.
22) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison or assessment of something in relation to another. In this study, it relates to measuring the effects of QI extract against a control drug, pamidronate, emphasizing the significance of comparative analysis to evaluate the potential of natural products in enhancing osteoblast activity.
23) Chauhan:
Chauhan most likely refers to the authors or researchers involved in the study. Recognizing the contributors is crucial in academic settings, as it attributes the research findings to their respective authors, fostering accountability and facilitating future collaborations in related scientific inquiries.
24) Nature:
Nature pertains to the inherent qualities or characteristics of substances, often highlighting the importance of natural products in medicine. The study emphasizes the inherent properties of Quercus infectoria, seeking to understand how these natural compounds contribute to biological processes, particularly in bone health.
25) Insect:
Insect may refer to the gall wasps responsible for inducing gall formation on Quercus infectoria. Understanding the insect’s role in creating galls from which the extract is derived adds ecological context, showcasing how natural interactions can lead to the production of bioactive compounds beneficial for health.
26) India:
India refers to the geographical origin of Quercus infectoria and its traditional uses in medicine. Its mention underscores the importance of ethnopharmacology, where local knowledge and practices contribute to the discovery of natural remedies, highlighting the potential of regional plants in modern therapeutic applications.
27) Chang:
Chang is likely a reference to one of the authors or researchers contributing to this study. Acknowledging authors is essential for academic integrity and provides context for the research, allowing readers to trace back findings to specific individuals or teams involved in the investigation.
28) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in organisms that plays crucial roles in transport, regulation, and protection. While primarily focused on bone health, the mention of blood-related contexts in other studies indicates the interconnectedness of body systems and how natural extracts can influence various biological functions.
29) Eagle:
Eagle likely pertains to a symbol of high achievement or might relate to the name of a scientific protocol, laboratory, or equipment commonly used in experiments. Its inclusion would emphasize the professional standard and credibility of the research, linking to the broader scientific community.
30) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam may refer to an author associated with the study or research effort. Recognizing individual contributors is paramount for credit and accountability in academic research, highlighting the role of various researchers in uncovering the effects of Quercus infectoria on bone cell activity.
31) Tree:
Tree signifies the source of Quercus infectoria, the small tree from which therapeutic galls are harvested. Understanding the biological and ecological context of this tree highlights its significance both in traditional medicine and in modern scientific research aimed at developing natural treatments for health issues.
32) Horn:
Horn might relate to a term in biological sciences or indicate particular structures in various contexts, possibly pertaining to the morphology of plants or animals. Its relevance would depend on the specific context within which it is mentioned, underscoring the need for precise terminology in research.
33) Hand:
Hand can be metaphorical, representing the process of conducting experiments or the role of researchers conducting the study. It emphasizes the importance of human intervention and methodology in scientific research, hinting at the skills and actions required to conduct a thorough investigation.
34) Ter:
Ther might be a shorthand for therapy, signifying treatment modalities. In the study context, it indicates the exploration of therapeutic substances from natural sources, underlining the research goal of finding effective alternatives for managing conditions like osteoporosis through natural means.
35) Viru:
Viru could refer to a specific context related to diseases or biological entities, possibly indicating viral aspects. While not definitively clarified in the text, it might lend insight into how various biological and pharmaceutical studies intersect concerning drug development.
36) Sesamum indicum:
Sesamum indicum, commonly known as sesame, is mentioned likely due to its medicinal properties and significance in traditional medicine. Its reference aligns with the study's broader context of examining natural compounds and their effects on human health, particularly concerning bone metabolism.
37) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study and application of drugs and their effects. In this research, it addresses the investigation into how Quercus infectoria extract influences osteoblast cells, contributing to the knowledge base on potential natural drugs to counteract conditions like osteoporosis.
38) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial denotes the capability to inhibit bacterial growth. While primarily focused on bone health, the mention of antibacterial properties of natural extracts underscores the importance of exploring various therapeutic effects of plant materials, reflecting a holistic approach to health and disease management.
39) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the study where findings are interpreted, analyzed, and contextualized relative to existing knowledge. It forms an essential part of research, as it allows researchers to articulate implications, limitations, and suggestions for future work in understanding Quercus infectoria's effects on osteoblasts.
40) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of advancing knowledge or creating new therapies. The study's focus on Quercus infectoria illustrates efforts toward developing natural remedies for osteoporosis, representing a significant goal in both pharmacological research and natural product studies aimed at enhancing health outcomes.
41) Detachment:
Detachment signifies the process by which cells are separated from their surface for analysis. In the study, understanding cell detachment is crucial for evaluating cell viability and proliferation, serving as an essential step in assessing the effects of treatments on osteoblast behavior.
42) Knowledge:
Knowledge pertains to the understanding gained through study and practice. In this research, accumulating knowledge about the effects of Quercus infectoria on bone cells contributes to the larger field of osteopathy, guiding future research and clinical applications in bone health and disease treatment.
43) Observing:
Observing entails carefully monitoring and documenting cellular responses during the study. This crucial step leads to insights regarding the effects of treatments on osteoblast cells, facilitating a better understanding of the mechanisms by which Quercus infectoria extract may enhance bone formation.
44) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid signifies a class of plant-based compounds known for their various health benefits, including antioxidant effects. Their relevance in this study underscores exploring phytochemicals in Quercus infectoria, which could enhance the understanding of natural substances' roles in promoting bone health and combating disease.
45) Greece:
Greece signifies the geographical origin of Quercus infectoria, a small tree commonly found in that region. Its importance underlines the plant’s historical and cultural significance in traditional medicine, providing context for its ongoing relevance in modern scientific research aimed at improving health outcomes.
46) Family:
Family most likely refers to the taxonomic classification of Quercus infectoria within the Fagaceae family. Understanding the broader familial context aids in studying relationships among species and finding potential allies in natural product research aimed at therapeutic applications for various health conditions.
47) Reason:
Reason signifies a rational basis or justification for conducting research. In this study, the reason encompasses the growing need for effective alternatives to pharmaceutical drugs, particularly in treating osteoporosis, motivating exploration of Quercus infectoria and its potential therapeutic effects on osteoblasts.
48) Sugar:
Sugar refers to a type of carbohydrate that can influence various physiological processes. While not the primary focus, its mention hints at the metabolic context within which Quercus infectoria may exert its effects, illustrating the nuanced relationships between diet, metabolism, and health outcomes.
49) Wall:
Wall likely alludes to the uterine wall referenced in traditional uses of Quercus infectoria. This connection to historical remedies highlights the plant's cultural context, encouraging research on its medicinal properties and fostering efforts to explore its potential in modern therapeutic applications for various health conditions.
50) Pur:
Poor often describes inadequate conditions or deficiencies that may pertain to nutrition or health. In the context of this study, it highlights the significance of addressing poor health outcomes associated with conditions like osteoporosis, emphasizing the role of natural extracts in supporting better bone health.