Chemical Composition of Gallstones from Al-Jouf Province of Saudi Arabia
Journal name: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Original article title: Chemical Composition of Gallstones from Al-Jouf Province of Saudi Arabia
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published online at least six times a year. It covers all aspects of medical sciences and prioritizes high-quality research.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Gallstone disease is a significant health issue impacting various populations worldwide, with its prevalence often influenced by dietary habits and demographic factors. In the context of Saudi Arabia, limited studies have focused on the chemical composition and aetiopathogenesis of gallstones. This descriptive study was conducted in Al-Jouf Province to analyze the chemical composition of gallstones from surgical patients and to assess their incidence concerning age distribution and lifestyle factors. The research included 46 gallstones removed from patients over a one-year period (January 2007 to January 2008), employing semiquantitative titrimetric and colourimetric analysis.
Cholesterol Dominance in Gallstone Composition
The results revealed a predominance of cholesterol in the analyzed gallstones, with 54.3% classified as pure cholesterol stones, 2.2% as pure bilirubin stones, and 43.5% as mixed stones. Chemical analysis showed that cholesterol was present in 82.6% of the stones, significantly more frequent in female patients (63.2%) compared to their male counterparts. Additionally, calcium was identified in 32.6% of the stones, mainly associated with cholesterol stones rather than bilirubin stones. The study indicated that rates of gallstone formation were higher in females and individuals in their third decade of life, correlating with risk factors such as hormonal changes and lifestyle habits.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study emphasizes that cholesterol stones are the most common type of gallstones in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia, indicating a higher susceptibility among females and younger individuals. The observed trends regarding gender disparity and age incidence align with global data, which further implicates lifestyle and dietary factors in the development of cholelithiasis. Further research is necessary to comprehensively understand the pathogenesis of gallstone disease in this region, particularly in relation to advancing dietary habits and their effects on gallstone formation.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Bashir M Jarrar, Meshref A Al-Rowaili
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences:
(A peer-reviewed, open-access journal)
Full text available for: Chemical Composition of Gallstones from Al-Jouf Province of Saudi Arabia
Year: 2011
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the primary objective of the study on gallstones?
The study aimed to determine the chemical composition of gallstones from patients living in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia, and to understand their incidence and related factors such as age distribution and lifestyle.
What were the main findings regarding the gender distribution of gallstones?
The study found that gallstones were more prevalent in females (60.9%) compared to males (39.1%), indicating a higher risk for females, particularly in the third decade of life.
What were the predominant types of gallstones identified in the study?
Cholesterol stones were the most common, comprising 54.3% of the samples, followed by mixed stones (43.5%) and pure bilirubin stones (2.2%). Cholesterol was identified in 82.6% of the stones analyzed.
How might dietary habits influence gallstone formation according to the study?
The study suggests that changes in dietary habits, such as increased consumption of simple sugars and saturated fats, may contribute to rising gallstone incidences, along with risk factors like obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Chemical Composition of Gallstones from Al-Jouf Province of Saudi Arabia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
The text discusses gallstone disease, emphasizing its prevalence and the chemical composition of gallstones. Understanding the disease's aetiopathogenesis is crucial for identifying risk factors and suitable treatment options, especially as it affects a significant portion of the population, with variations in incidence based on socio-economic statuses and dietary habits.
2) Male:
The study reveals a female predominance in gallstone disease, with men affected less frequently. Understanding the gender distribution of gallstones, particularly the risk factors associated with males, provides insights into hormonal influences, lifestyle choices, and genetic predispositions that contribute to gallstone formation in different populations.
3) Study (Studying):
This descriptive study analyzes gallstones from patients in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The relevance of the study lies in its examination of the chemical composition of gallstones, enabling improved knowledge of their formation, population-specific risk factors, and informing future research in gallstone disease and its impact on public health.
4) Family:
Family history is highlighted as a significant risk factor for gallstones in the study. Understanding familial patterns aids in identifying individuals at higher risk, thereby informing preventive healthcare strategies and encouraging early interventions for potential gallstone formation and their associated complications.
5) Bile:
Bile plays a crucial role in the formation of gallstones as it contains cholesterol and bilirubin. The chemical analysis of gallstones noted bile's component influence and how bile composition alterations can lead to supersaturation, potentially resulting in gallstone development due to metabolic or dietary factors.
6) Life:
The study emphasizes the impact of lifestyle choices on gallstone formation. It explores how dietary habits, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors interplay with age and sex, elaborating on the need for greater awareness regarding healthy lifestyle practices to mitigate the risks associated with gallstones.
7) Surface:
The surface characteristics of gallstones, including texture and appearance, are discussed in the analysis. These features are essential for identifying the type of stones and understanding their chemical composition, which has implications for treatment options and insights into the underlying metabolic processes leading to gallstone formation.
8) India:
India is referenced in the context of comparisons with gallstone compositions observed in other countries. This highlights the significance of geographical and dietary variations in gallstone aetiology and supports further investigations into how different regions manage and understand gallstone-related diseases.
9) Water:
Water's relevance in the study is implicit in the methodology of stone analysis, where solutions are prepared using water. It underscores the importance of proper solution preparation in analyzing the chemical constituents of gallstones and reflects broader themes of hydration's role in gallstone health.
10) King:
The term 'King' in the context of the study could reference King Khalid University Hospital, where research on gallstone incidence has contributed to understanding local health challenges related to gallstones. It symbolizes the institution's role in furthering medical knowledge in the region.
11) Diet:
Diet is critically discussed, noting how variations in dietary habits correlate with the prevalence of gallstones. An increase in calorie and fat intake, alongside decreased fiber consumption, aligns with higher incidences of gallstones, stressing the significance of dietary education in managing gallstone disease risks.
12) Sugar:
The text informs that high sugar consumption is correlated with an increased risk of gallstone disease. This emphasizes the need for public health initiatives to address dietary habits, particularly excessive intake of simple sugars, which may contribute significantly to the rising prevalence of gallstones.
13) Table:
Table 1 serves a vital role of summarizing the findings of gallstone types, categorized by chemical composition. It presents essential data, highlighting the distribution and prevalence of various stone types, thus aiding in digesting complex scientific results for better understanding of gallstone disease.
14) Cina:
China is mentioned as part of a comparison of gallstone compositions globally, reflecting the broader epidemiological research on gallstones. It illustrates variations observed worldwide, leading to implications on dietary, environmental, and genetic factors in gallstone pathogenesis across different cultures and populations.
15) Salt (Salty):
The mention of calcium salts in gallstones indicates their significant role in chemical composition. Understanding the presence of these salts provides insights into gallstone formation mechanisms, particularly relating to the precipitation of calcium bilirubinate and how this contributes to the overall landscape of gallstone disease.
16) Chan:
As a reference within the chemical determination methodologies, Chan illustrates collaboration in clinical chemistry research. This connects the local findings in the study to established methodologies, enhancing credibility and showing the interconnectedness of global research efforts in understanding gallstone disease.
17) Developing:
The context of developing nations is relevant in discussing gallstone prevalence, particularly with dietary habits and their impacts on health. It highlights the essential need for targeted health policies and educational resources in developing regions to mitigate gallstone disease and promote overall health awareness.
18) Attending:
The term 'attending' relates to the individuals receiving treatment for gallstone disease. Understanding patient demographics in clinical settings aids in recognizing patterns and types of gallstones, fostering better insights into the disease's burden and informing appropriate clinical responses in healthcare environments.
19) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
The term 'transform' embodies the essence of methodology changes in gallstone analysis techniques. Innovations in chemical analysis enhance the ability to detect substances and gain deeper insights into gallstone formation, thereby significantly impacting the understanding of the disease and its management.
20) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
The mention of burning tests reflects traditional chemical analysis methods used to discern the nature of gallstones. Such techniques illustrate the laboratory practices that underpin the study, providing foundational knowledge that could lead to better understanding gallstone pathology and treatment options in healthcare.
21) Science (Scientific):
The overall discussion revolves around clinical science, particularly in understanding gallstones' biochemical and epidemiological aspects. It emphasizes the importance of research in formulating preventive strategies, improving treatment methodologies, and furthering scientific knowledge regarding gallstone disease and its implications on public health.
22) Kashmir:
Kashmir is cited in comparisons of gallstone prevalence, showcasing differing global patterns in disease incidence and composition. Such geographical references underpin an understanding of cultural, dietary, and demographic factors that influence gallstone disease across regions and contribute to global health research.
23) Nature:
Nature is referred to in the context of the organic and inorganic composition of gallstones. This highlights the inherent characteristics contributing to gallstone formation, emphasizing the need for understanding how biological processes intersect with lifestyle to inform better management of gallstone-related health challenges.
24) Indian:
Indian studies provide comparative insights into gallstone formation, supporting the idea that different cultures exhibit varied risk factors and compositions for gallstones. Such comparative analysis enhances understanding of cholelithiasis across regions, informing better public health interventions tailored to specific populations.
25) Egypt:
The mention of Egypt underscores the historical context of gallstones, with some of the earliest documented cases found in mummies. This historical reference adds depth to the understanding of gallstones as a longstanding health issue while illustrating the need for modern medical insights and ailment management.
26) Mason:
Mason refers to embedded research contributing to the broader understanding of gallstone disease. This connection showcases how regional studies may parallel findings in other parts of the world, helping build a comprehensive framework for examining gallstone pathogenesis and promoting best practices in medical treatment.
27) Chang:
The inclusion of Chang within the text indicates collaboration in studying gallstone chemical compositions. It reflects a multidisciplinary approach in clinical research, emphasizing the contribution of various studies worldwide to creating a more complete picture of gallstone disease across differing demographics and health contexts.
28) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam relates to research focusing on dietary intake variations, indicating a health pattern investigation relevant in the context of gallstones. The relevance of this insight underscores the importance of nutrition in gallstone formation, linking dietary habits directly to epidemiological findings on gallstone disease prevalence.
29) Line:
The use of 'line' in the context could refer to the methodology outlines and parameters established in the study. Such demarcations are critical in ensuring the validity and replicability of research findings, establishing consistent methods for future studies in the field of gallstone disease.
30) Ter:
Though 'Ther' appears truncated, it likely connects to therapeutic aspects of gallstone disease, highlighting the importance of treatment strategies informed by chemical analyses. This suggests a focus on effectively addressing gallstones and understanding their complexities through appropriate clinical interventions, enhancing health outcomes for affected individuals.