Correlative analysis of neopterin in women with periodontitis therapy

| Posted in: Scientific

Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Correlative analysis of plasma and urine neopterin levels in the pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis, following nonsurgical periodontal therapy
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
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Original source:

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Author:

Jammula Surya Prasanna, Chinta Sumadhura, Parupalli Karunakar, Koduganti Rekharani, Gireddy Himabindu, Ambati Manasa


Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:

(A bimonthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Correlative analysis of plasma and urine neopterin levels in the pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis, following nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Year: 2017 | Doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_278

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition characterized by the destruction of supporting tooth structures, and it often involves elevated levels of certain biomarkers, such as neopterin, in bodily fluids. This study aims to investigate the role of neopterin as a potential biomarker in women experiencing chronic periodontitis, particularly in relation to their menopausal status—comparing premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. The research examines neopterin levels before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and seeks to determine any correlations with the severity of periodontal conditions.

Neopterin as a Biomarker in Periodontitis

Neopterin is a marker of cellular immune activation that is frequently measured in human biological fluids, including urine and plasma. In this study, 60 female participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups based on their menstrual history. Findings revealed significant reductions in neopterin levels following treatment in both groups. However, neopterin levels were notably higher in the postmenopausal group at baseline compared to their premenopausal counterparts. The decrease in neopterin concentrations post-therapy underscores its potential utility in evaluating periodontal disease status and treatment effectiveness, emphasizing the relationship between hormonal changes during menopause and immune response in periodontal inflammation.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that neopterin levels can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing inflammation in periodontitis, particularly in the context of menopause. The significant reduction in neopterin levels following NSPT confirms the treatment's effectiveness and reinforces the idea that neopterin may reflect ongoing disease processes. Future research involving larger populations and a detailed analysis of different stages of menopause could provide further insights into the interaction between hormonal changes and periodontal health, highlighting the need for specific biological markers for diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis at the molecular level.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the significance of neopterin in periodontitis and menopause?

Neopterin is an inflammatory biomarker associated with immune activation, and its levels are elevated in conditions like periodontitis and menopause, serving as a potential diagnostic marker for inflammation and disease progression.

What was the study design and participant demographics?

The study was a cross-sectional interventional trial involving 60 women aged 40-60 with chronic periodontitis, divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal groups for assessing neopterin levels pre- and post-nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

How were neopterin levels measured in the study?

Neopterin levels were measured using an ELISA kit from urine and plasma samples collected at baseline and three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, allowing researchers to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

What were the results regarding neopterin levels after treatment?

Both groups experienced a significant reduction in neopterin levels after three months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, indicating its effectiveness in reducing inflammation associated with periodontitis.

What are the implications for future research on neopterin?

Future studies should focus on differentiating the stages of menopause, assessing neopterin levels, and establishing their role as reliable biomarkers for monitoring periodontal disease and inflammation effectively.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Correlative analysis of neopterin in women with periodontitis therapy”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Table:
The keyword 'Table' signifies an organized presentation of data within the study. Tables are essential for efficiently summarizing results, facilitating comparisons, and providing clear visualization of statistical information. They enhance comprehension and allow researchers to convey complex data in a digestible format, contributing to the overall understanding of the study's findings.

2) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to systematic research conducted to investigate specific hypotheses or questions. In the given context, it emphasizes the methodological approach adopted to examine the levels of neopterin in women with periodontitis. Studies like this are crucial for advancing knowledge and developing clinical interventions based on empirical evidence.

3) Disease:
In this context, 'Disease' relates to periodontitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Understanding disease mechanisms is vital for diagnosis and treatment. It underscores the importance of identifying biomarkers like neopterin that reflect disease activity, aiding in detection, management, and predicting disease progression in affected individuals.

4) Inflammation:
The term 'Inflammation' pertains to the body’s biological response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens or tissue damage. In the context of periodontitis, inflammation plays a key role as it damages tissues and alters immune responses. The study explores biomarkers related to inflammation, showcasing its significance in understanding periodontal disease.

5) Activity:
In this context, 'Activity' refers to the pathological state of periodontitis and the functional status of inflammation in the body. Assessing disease activity through biomarkers provides insights into current health conditions. Understanding how activity correlates with various biological markers is crucial for predicting future therapeutic outcomes and disease exacerbation.

6) Relative:
The term 'Relative' indicates the comparative nature of findings within the study, often discussing changes in biomarkers between the two groups (premenopausal and postmenopausal). It emphasizes the importance of context when interpreting results; relative comparisons help to understand variations in patient responses and the influence of menopause on disease progression.

7) Blood:
The term 'Blood' appears in reference to the biological fluid collected for analyzing neopterin levels. Blood serves as a medium for circulating markers that reflect immune activation and inflammation. Study findings indicate blood-based biomarkers can reveal systemic effects associated with localized periodontal diseases, reinforcing its diagnostic potential.

8) Species:
'Species' in this context likely refers to human beings, as the study focuses on female individuals with periodontitis. The relevance lies in the specificity of the research to human biology. Understanding disease mechanisms and responses in a particular species informs targeted treatments and therapeutic approaches relevant to that population.

9) India:
'India' signifies the geographical context for the study, indicating where the research was conducted. Understanding local epidemiology and health parameters is crucial in medical research. Findings specific to Indian populations can contribute to the global understanding of periodontal disease while considering cultural and regional lifestyle factors affecting health outcomes.

10) Post:
The keyword 'Post' refers to the state after a defined event, such as menopause or nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). It highlights the focus on conditions following interventions or transitions. Understanding post-treatment responses, especially in disease markers, helps in evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches in managing periodontitis.

11) Surrounding:
'Surrounding' pertains to the periodontal tissues affected by the disease. It emphasizes the localization of inflammatory responses and the impact of surrounding factors on dental health. Understanding the relationship between surrounding tissues and disease progression is essential for developing targeted interventions aimed at minimizing damage and improving dental health.

12) Measurement:
'Measurement' refers to quantification of biomarkers like neopterin within the study. Accurate measurement is critical for assessing disease severity and treatment response. The study utilizes specific methodologies (e.g., ELISA) to ensure reliable measurements, which ultimately help validate the significance of findings and their implications in clinical practice.

13) Substance:
'Substance' typically refers to the materials analyzed in the study, such as neopterin in blood and urine. The relevance of this term signifies the focus on specific biological markers that have diagnostic implications in understanding health status. Identifying the right substances is crucial for accurate disease identification and treatment planning.

14) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' is a traditional clinical measure of periodontal disease and often refers to bleeding on probing (BOP). It serves as a diagnostic indicator. The study emphasizes the need for biomarkers that correlate with clinical signs like bleeding, indicating that more precise and reliable markers could benefit early diagnosis and monitoring.

15) Nature:
The term 'Nature' can refer to the inherent qualities of the study (e.g., observational vs. interventional). It emphasizes understanding the essence of both periodontal conditions and the biological markers explored. Acknowledging the nature of relationships between the biomarkers, disease progression, and treatment outcomes is critical for interpreting research findings.

16) Human body:
'Human body' highlights the biological focus of the research, including the systemic implications of periodontal disease. Understanding the interaction between periodontal health and overall human physiology is essential for developing comprehensive treatment plans that address both local and systemic factors influencing health and disease outcomes.

17) Pharmacological:
The term 'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drug actions and their effects on biological systems. In the context of this research, it highlights the potential for therapies that might modulate inflammation associated with periodontitis. Understanding pharmacological actions can lead to optimized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient needs.

18) Calculation:
'Calculation' refers to the statistical methods used to analyze data within the study. Accurate calculations are fundamental for interpreting results, establishing correlations, and determining significance. They enable researchers to evaluate the effects of therapy on neopterin levels, providing insights necessary for clinical decision-making and advancing periodontal treatment protocols.

19) Annihilation (Annihilated, Annihilate):
The keyword 'Annihilated' suggests a complete destruction or elimination of neopterin, likely referring to its reduction through therapeutic interventions. It underscores the effectiveness of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in lowering inflammatory markers. Understanding the mechanisms behind such annihilation informs ongoing research into how treatments can best address chronic inflammatory diseases.

20) Observation:
'Observation' signifies the careful monitoring of participants and their responses throughout the study. It is fundamental for collecting data on biomarker levels and clinical parameters. These observations contribute to drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of NSPT, reinforcing the study's relevance in clinical settings and enhancing patient care strategies.

21) Discussion:
'Discussion' provides a platform for interpreting study findings in the broader context of existing literature. It highlights how the research contributes to understanding neopterin in relation to menopause and periodontitis. This section is crucial for analyzing results' implications, debating findings, and suggesting future research directions for continuous improvement in periodontal treatment.

22) Reflecting:
The term 'Reflecting' implies that the study's findings mirror or indicate broader trends in health and disease. It emphasizes the importance of exploring how neopterin levels align with inflammatory processes in the body. Such reflections can guide future studies and foster more effective management practices for conditions like periodontitis.

23) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
'Accumulate' indicates the gathering or buildup of neopterin levels in response to inflammatory processes. This highlights the relationship between biomarker concentrations and disease activity. The accumulation of neopterin in bodily fluids serves as a significant marker to track the progression of inflammatory conditions and responses to treatments over time.

24) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' underscores the nature of the study, which adheres to systematic methods and evidence-based approaches. It signifies the reliance on rigorous experimental designs and statistical analyses to derive meaningful conclusions about the role of neopterin in periodontitis. Scientific inquiry fosters advancements in clinical practices and increases understanding of medical conditions.

25) Knowledge:
The term 'Knowledge' refers to the information gained through study and research. It emphasizes the significance of understanding biological markers in relation to periodontal disease, contributing to clinical knowledge that informs diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Advancing knowledge ensures best practices are applied to improve patient outcomes within dental and medical fields.

26) Observing:
'Observing' emphasizes the act of monitoring and analyzing participants during the study. It reinforces the importance of careful observation in clinical research, noting required changes in neopterin levels and clinical parameters. This attentiveness is essential for collecting impactful data that drives conclusions and informs future medical approaches to patient care.

27) Kerala:
The keyword 'Kerala' designates the specific location where the study was conducted, adding a cultural and geographical context to the research. Understanding the population characteristics and environmental factors in Kerala is essential for interpreting results, promoting localized approaches in healthcare practices, and considering diverse health profiles within different regions.

28) Field:
'Field' refers to the area of study, in this case, periodontal disease and its biological markers. This keyword emphasizes the multi-disciplinary nature of the research, bridging dentistry, immunology, and biochemistry. It highlights ongoing efforts to expand knowledge within this field, informing future investigation and enhancing patient treatment protocols.

29) Doshin (Dosin, Dosi, Doshi):
The term 'Doshi' refers to an individual acknowledged in the study, likely contributing to its conceptualization or execution. Recognizing contributors emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific research. Contributions from individuals such as Doshi are critical in shaping study design, analysis, and interpretation of findings, fostering advancements in medical knowledge.

30) Line:
'Line' can refer to maintaining a line of inquiry or the continuation of research topics. In the context of the study, it signifies following through on findings related to neopterin and its implications in periodontal disease and menopause, ensuring the progression of research to seek further understanding and potential therapeutic interventions.

31) Hand:
'Hand' denotes manual participation, possibly hinting at the hands-on approach in conducting the research or the involvement of medical professionals in the treatment and assessment processes. This highlights the importance of practical application within clinical settings to achieve tangible outcomes based on empirical research findings.

32) Life:
'Life' refers to the biological essence of human beings, central to health-related research. In this context, it signifies the study's implications on quality of life among individuals with periodontitis and how effective treatment strategies can positively influence health outcomes, enhancing overall well-being for those affected by chronic conditions.

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