Osteopontin levels in plasma: healthy vs. chronic periodontitis.
Journal name: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Original article title: Estimation and comparison of osteopontin levels in plasma in subjects with healthy periodontium and generalized chronic periodontitis and its assessment after scaling and root planing
The Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP) publishes original scientific articles on periodontology (the study of supporting structures of teeth) and oral implantology. It is a bimonthly open-access journal with special issues for specific occasions.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-collagenous glycoprotein that plays a significant role in bone metabolism and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease and cardiovascular conditions. This study aimed to assess plasma OPN levels in individuals with healthy periodontium versus those with generalized chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the impact of scaling and root planing on OPN levels in chronic periodontitis patients. The findings revealed a notable correlation between OPN levels and periodontal disease severity, highlighting the systemic implications of periodontal health.
Impact of Scaling and Root Planing on OPN Levels
The research indicated that subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis exhibited significantly elevated plasma OPN levels (153.08 ng/ml) compared to healthy individuals (55.09 ng/ml). Following treatment with scaling and root planing, OPN levels in the chronic periodontitis group declined to 91.53 ng/ml, demonstrating the effectiveness of periodontal therapy in reducing systemic inflammatory markers. Moreover, while a significant correlation existed between OPN levels and the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) before treatment, a weaker correlation was noted after two months of therapy. This suggests that while periodontal treatment may lower OPN levels, other factors may also influence periodontal disease outcomes.
Conclusion
The study's findings suggest that elevated plasma OPN levels are associated with the presence and severity of periodontal disease, further supporting the interplay between oral health and systemic conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The successful decrease in OPN levels following scaling and root planing underscores the importance of periodontal treatment not only for oral health but also for potentially mitigating risks related to systemic diseases. Future research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up is essential to explore the broader implications of these findings, particularly in understanding the relationship between periodontal health and cardiovascular risk factors.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Suruchi Hans, Amita M. Mali
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology:
(A bimonthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Estimation and comparison of osteopontin levels in plasma in subjects with healthy periodontium and generalized chronic periodontitis and its assessment after scaling and root planing
Year: 2012 | Doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.100910
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the role of Osteopontin (OPN) in periodontal disease?
Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-collagenous protein associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling in periodontal disease. Increased OPN levels indicate active periodontal lesions and correlate with disease severity and alveolar bone resorption.
How were subjects selected for the study on plasma OPN levels?
Participants were 40 gender-matched individuals aged 20-45, with inclusion criteria including systemic health and distinct periodontal statuses, either healthy periodontium or generalized chronic periodontitis. Exclusion criteria included various systemic diseases and recent medical treatments.
What significant findings were reported regarding OPN levels before and after treatment?
OPN levels were significantly higher in generalized chronic periodontitis subjects (153.08 ng/ml) than in healthy subjects (55.09 ng/ml). Post treatment with scaling and root planing, OPN levels decreased significantly to 91.53 ng/ml.
What is the correlation between OPN levels and the periodontal disease index (PDI)?
Initially, a significant positive correlation was observed between OPN levels and PDI in chronic periodontitis subjects. However, weak correlation was noted after two months of treatment, suggesting other factors may influence PDI.
What implications do these findings have for cardiovascular health?
The study suggests a potential link between elevated OPN levels in periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treating periodontitis may lower OPN levels, potentially reducing the risk of CVD, indicating the need for periodontal assessments in cardiovascular evaluations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Osteopontin levels in plasma: healthy vs. chronic periodontitis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
Disease refers to the abnormal condition of an organism, often associated with specific symptoms and signs. In this context, periodontal disease reflects an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. This study investigates its systemic effects, particularly the association with cardiovascular disease, underscoring its clinical significance.
2) Study (Studying):
Study indicates a systematic investigation aimed at understanding and elucidating a specific phenomenon. In this context, the study focuses on assessing plasma osteopontin levels in individuals with chronic periodontitis compared to those with healthy periodontium, establishing a link between oral health and broader systemic diseases, particularly cardiovascular conditions.
3) Table:
Table refers to a systematic arrangement of data, often used in research to present findings succinctly. In this document, several tables summarize plasma osteopontin levels, periodontal disease indices, and the statistical comparison between various groups, facilitating comprehension of the results and their implications in periodontal and cardiovascular health.
4) Blood:
Blood is the vital fluid in the body, responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells. In this study, blood samples are collected to measure plasma osteopontin levels, providing insights into the inflammatory status of subjects and the impact of periodontal disease on systemic health, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease.
5) Bharati (Bhāratī):
Bharati refers to Bharati Vidyapeeth University, where the study was conducted. This institution plays a crucial role in providing the necessary resources and environment for conducting clinical research on periodontal disease, contributing to advances in understanding the relationship between oral health and systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease.
6) Pune:
Pune is a city in India where the study took place. Being a hub of education and research, it provides a diverse population for clinical studies. The location enhances the relevance of the findings, as they can influence public health initiatives and awareness about periodontal health in Indian communities.
7) Maharashtra (Mahārāṣṭra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where Pune is located. This context is important as it highlights the geographical and cultural aspects surrounding the study. Understanding local health dynamics can affect healthcare policies and interventions, emphasizing the need to address periodontal disease and its systemic implications within this region effectively.
8) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices that promote health and prevent disease, particularly in maintaining cleanliness in oral care. The study's mention of oral hygiene instructions post-treatment reinforces the importance of maintaining periodontal health to reduce the risk of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular conditions, thus emphasizing preventive healthcare education.
9) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma references a researcher whose previous study showed elevated osteopontin levels in chronic periodontitis. This connection illustrates ongoing research efforts in understanding inflammatory markers in periodontal conditions, providing a foundation for the current study, which reinforces the correlation between osteopontin levels, periodontal disease, and potential systemic implications.
10) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, offering a specific socioeconomic and cultural context that can influence study outcomes. The diverse population highlights the relevance of periodontal disease and its association with systemic health conditions in different demographics, providing broader implications for public health strategies.
11) Drug:
Drug pertains to substances used for treatment or prevention of diseases. In this study, certain exclusions related to medication, like antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs, ensure that results reflect true osteopontin levels affected solely by periodontal disease, avoiding confounding factors that could misrepresent the relationship with systemic health.
12) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation indicates the build-up of substances, in this context, referring to osteopontin levels associated with periodontal disease. The study explores how periodontal inflammation leads to increased osteopontin in plasma, suggesting potential mechanisms for how local periodontal conditions can influence systemic health through inflammatory mediators like osteopontin.
13) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body’s response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. The study underscores its relevance in periodontal disease and cardiovascular conditions, highlighting how inflammatory processes in gum disease can have systemic effects, particularly contributing to the development or exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases.
14) Observation:
Observation refers to the act of examining and recording data, essential in research studies. In this context, observations about osteopontin levels pre-and post-treatment suggest a direct relationship between periodontal health interventions and systemic inflammatory markers, contributing to a deeper understanding of the connection between oral and systemic health.
15) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. This study applies scientific method principles to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk factors, providing empirical evidence for clinical practices and future research directions.
16) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to medications that destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Their mention in the exclusion criteria is significant as the use of antibiotics could obscure the actual relationship between inflammatory markers and periodontal disease, ensuring that observed changes in osteopontin levels are due to periodontal treatment and not pharmacological effects.
17) Pregnant:
Pregnant denotes a state of carrying a developing fetus within the womb. This group is excluded from the study to avoid complications related to hormonal changes and their impact on inflammation and periodontal status, ensuring that the findings pertain specifically to the healthy and diseased populations of non-pregnant individuals.
18) Male (Mālē):
Male indicates the gender of participants in the study. It highlights an effort to have gender-matched groups for comparison, ensuring that variations in osteopontin levels and periodontal disease indices are not influenced by gender differences, thereby strengthening the validity and applicability of the research findings.
19) Post:
Post refers to a time period following an event, in this case, after the scaling and root planing treatment. This distinction is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of periodontal therapies and observing changes in osteopontin levels, as well as correlating these changes to clinical improvements in periodontal condition over time.