Immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes abrortristis stem bark

| Posted in: Scientific

Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes abrortristis stem bark
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Original source:

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Author:

Hitesh Kumar, Neeru Vasudeva


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:

(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)

Full text available for: Immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes abrortristis stem bark

Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100556

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Immunomodulatory potential of Nyctanthes abrortristis stem bark”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' typically refers to the biological effects of the methanolic (MNA) and aqueous (ANA) extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis on immune responses. The research aimed at observing and quantifying these activities, particularly how they modulate both humoral and cellular immunity in the tested animal models.

2) Indian:
The term 'Indian' highlights the geographical and cultural context of the study, indicating that the research was conducted in India, where Nyctanthes arbortristis is native. This relevance underscores traditional practices in Indian medicine and the importance of local flora in developing potential therapeutic strategies.

3) Animal:
The word 'animal' refers to the Swiss Albino mice that were used as model organisms in this study to assess the immunomodulatory effects of the plant extracts. Animal models are crucial for understanding biological processes and testing the safety and efficacy of phytotherapeutic compounds before human trials.

4) Table:
In research papers, 'table' usually refers to organized data presented in a tabular format, summarizing experimental results such as serum immunoglobulin levels or neutrophil adhesion percentages. Tables enhance clarity and allow readers to easily compare and understand findings derived from the study's experimental observations.

5) Blood:
Blood is significant in the study as it is the medium used for obtaining serum samples to measure immunoglobulin levels and analyze the immune response. Blood analysis is critical in immunology, elucidating how various treatments influence systemic immune functions in the tested animal models.

6) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds produced by plants. In this study, 'phytochemical' references various constituents extracted from Nyctanthes arbortristis that are believed to have therapeutic effects. Understanding these components is essential for recognizing their role in enhancing immune functions as part of traditional medicine.

7) India:
The term 'India' specifies the origin of the plant being studied, Nyctanthes arbortristis. It reinforces the significance of regional flora in traditional medicine practices and emphasizes the potential for discovering unique biological activities of indigenous plants that can contribute to modern pharmacology.

8) Study (Studying):
The word 'study' indicates the systematic investigation conducted to examine the immunomodulatory effects of specific plant extracts. It encapsulates the entire research process, from hypothesis formation to experimental design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, embodying the scientific quest for knowledge.

9) Drug:
In the context of this research, 'drug' typically refers to the potential therapeutic agents derived from Nyctanthes arbortristis. Investigating the immunomodulatory effects of these extracts positions them as candidates for developing new natural therapies in pharmacology and traditional medicine.

10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term 'antibacterial' relates to the ability of the extracts or compounds from Nyctanthes arbortristis to inhibit bacterial growth. This property is considerable in exploring new treatments for infections, aligning with the study's goal of highlighting the immunological benefits of plant-based substances.

11) Saxena (Sakshena, Saksena):
Saxena likely refers to one of the authors or researchers associated with the study. Author affiliations can lend credibility to the research, as they signify collaboration with experts who may contribute complementary knowledge and methodology essential in forming the study's conclusions.

12) Gupta:
The name Gupta signifies another author in the research paper, contributing to the study's development. Collaboration among different researchers widens the expertise and insights in the research, ensuring comprehensive analysis and better validation of the results shared in the investigation.

13) Srivastava (Shri-vastava, Shrivastava, Sri-vastava):
Similar to other names in the list, 'Srivastava' represents an author involved in the conducted research. The collaboration among authors named in the study suggests a teaming effort to explore and quantify the immunomodulatory effects of the examined plant extracts.

14) Rathore:
Rathore is another author's name listed, signaling their role in contributing to the research findings. Contributions from multiple authors enhance the depth of the study as they integrate diverse expertise, ultimately improving the reliability and scope of the conclusions drawn.

15) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma signifies an author involved in this research. In academic writing, the individual contributions of various authors shape the direction of the research study, from conceptualization to data analysis, reflecting teamwork in achieving the study's objectives.

16) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are vital phytochemicals recognized for their antioxidant and potential immunomodulatory effects. Their identification in the extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis is significant as they may contribute to the protective effects against immune-related ailments, thus establishing the therapeutic potential of the plant.

17) Toxicity:
The term 'toxicity' relates to the safety profile of the extracts administered to animals. Investigating toxicity is essential to ensure that the beneficial effects seen do not come with harmful side effects, which is critical for advancing any potential therapeutic applications.

18) Medicine:
The term 'medicine' encompasses the broader context of healing and health improvement linked with the study's findings on Nyctanthes arbortristis. By examining traditional applications and modern implications, the study positions the plant's extracts within the domain of natural medicine.

19) Delhi:
Delhi identifies the location where the herbarium associated with plant identification is situated. It emphasizes the urban academic infrastructure supporting research into traditional plants, connecting modern scientific endeavors to historical and cultural practices rooted in herbal medicine.

20) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi represents an author contributing to the research. This name, like others, signifies collaboration in academic work. Multiple authors strengthen the research narrative, indicating joint efforts to minimize biases and foster diverse scientific perspectives.

21) Nayar:
Nayar is another author mentioned in the study, contributing their expertise. Authors listed in academic publications work collaboratively to present comprehensive findings, yielding a multifaceted approach to understanding the immunomodulatory effects associated with the studied plant extracts.

22) Pune:
Pune highlights the geographic context relevant to the research and suggests the collaboration involved with regional institutions or authors. Such mentions underline how local universities and researchers may contribute valuably to studies focusing on indigenous medicinal plants.

23) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a key biological process relevant to the study, indicating the immune response to harmful stimuli. The ability of Nyctanthes arbortristis extracts to modulate such responses provides insight into developing therapies to manage inflammatory-related diseases.

24) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda signifies the traditional Indian system of medicine that emphasizes natural healing through plants. The study's reliance on concepts from Ayurveda underscores the historical significance of plant-based treatments and motivates scientific inquiry into their effectiveness validated through modern research.

25) Kashmir:
Kashmir references a region in India associated with the biodiversity of plants. The mention of Kashmir can signify the importance of exploring local flora for potential medicinal properties, thus contributing to the broader understanding of regional plants in herbal medicine.

26) Cattiya:
Sathiya likely denotes an author involved in this study whose contributions help shape the findings presented. The collaboration of various researchers like Sathiya enriches the study's quality, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of the examined plant extracts.

27) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra reflects the involvement of another author, contributing their expertise to the study. The collaboration emphasizes teamwork in scientific research, where diverse author backgrounds enhance the depth and interpretation of the research findings shared in the paper.

28) Kumar:
The inclusion of Kumar, an author, showcases teamwork integral to scientific investigations. The integration of multiple authors often correlates with broader perspective analysis, contributing to a detailed understanding of the research conducted on Nyctanthes arbortristis.

29) Food:
The term 'food' relates to the study of phytotherapeutic benefits of plants like Nyctanthes arbortristis, as part of a diet that can potentially improve health. It sets the stage for exploring the dual role of plants in nutrition and medicinal applications.

30) New Delhi:
New Delhi emphasizes the location related to the herbarium where the plant material was identified. This context illustrates the research's institutional support and collaboration across geographic regions, serving as a platform for exploration into traditional medicinal practices.

31) Vasudeva (Vasu-deva):
Vasudeva is an author associated with the research, whose contributions are part of the team effort leading to the study's outcomes. The collective expertise of authors like Vasudeva helps in providing clarity and validity to the research conducted.

32) Water:
In the context of this study, 'water' could refer to the aqueous extraction method used to obtain phytochemicals from Nyctanthes arbortristis. It denotes an important aspect of extraction processes in pharmacognosy aimed at preserving active compounds in natural medicine.

33) Rules:
The term 'rules' might reference guidelines governing ethical protocols for animal experimentation or standards for conducting scientific research. Following established rules is crucial for ensuring safety and validity while maintaining integrity within the scientific community.

34) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical pertains to the study of drugs derived from natural sources. In this research, it emphasizes the analysis of Nyctanthes arbortristis for its bioactive compounds, linking traditional knowledge with modern pharmacology in exploring herbal remedies.

35) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological details the study's focus on the effects and mechanisms by which natural products exert biological actions. The research evaluates the immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts, highlighting their potential as pharmacologically active agents.

36) Ashvagandha (Asvagandha, Ashwagandha, Ashvagamdha, Ashva-gandha):
Ashwagandha is a traditional herb significant in Ayurveda, known for its adaptogenic and immune-boosting properties. Its mention highlights the study’s broader context, implying that similar plants like Nyctanthes arbortristis may possess comparable therapeutic potential.

37) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in a research study where results are interpreted, contextualized, and implications are drawn. This area is key for understanding the significance of findings, exploring limitations, and suggesting pathways for future research.

38) Haridradi (Haridra-adi):
Haridradi refers to a specific formulation in Ayurvedic medicine, indicating a blend of herbs that may have therapeutic effects. Its mention in the study illustrates the integration of traditional medicinal practices in modern research for validating plant efficacy.

39) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the collective understanding derived from both traditional medicinal systems and modern scientific investigations. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge linking herbal medicine practices with potential pharmacological applications.

40) Substance:
Substance refers to the bioactive compounds extracted from plants. In studies involving phytotherapy, understanding the substances being investigated is crucial for linking specific plant components to their respective health benefits and therapeutic uses.

41) Mahendra (Mahemdra, Maha-indra):
Mahendra is likely an author or contributor to the research. Individual researchers like Mahendra are essential in enhancing the collective effort towards achieving reliable outcomes in the study of traditional medicine and phytotherapy.

42) Parimala:
Parimala also denotes an author contributing to the research effort. Collaborating researchers such as Parimala provide diverse expertise, enhancing the robustness and reliability of the findings reported in the study of Nyctanthes arbortristis.

43) Byahatti:
Byahatti likely refers to an author contributing expertise to the study. The collaborations of various authors contribute to a thorough evaluation of research questions, fostering comprehensive research outcomes that can impact the understanding of plant-derived therapies.

44) Parijata:
Parijata refers to Nyctanthes arbortristis, indicating its traditional usage and cultural significance in regions. The use of this specific name connects the study's scientific exploration to its historical and ethnomedicinal relevance, illustrating the plant's holistic role in medicine.

45) Turmeric:
Turmeric is another traditional Ayurvedic herb known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects. By mentioning turmeric, the study may draw parallels with Nyctanthes arbortristis, reinforcing the significance of naturally-derived compounds in modulating immune responses and encouraging further research into their therapeutic potential.

46) Chandra:
Chandra may represent an author associated with the research. Individual contributions from researchers like Chandra influence the findings and interpretations within the study, providing a multidisciplinary approach to understanding herbal medicine.

47) Jessore:
Jessore refers to a district in Bangladesh, reflecting geographical and cultural links to the use of certain plants in traditional medicine. Naming locations like Jessore emphasizes the diversity in the use of medicinal flora across regions and their potential for therapeutic applications.

48) Writing:
Writing signifies the process of documenting research findings, analysis, and conclusions. It is essential for disseminating knowledge, engaging with the scientific community, and enabling future studies to build upon the understanding provided by the current research.

49) Disease:
Disease is a central notion in the context of the study, focusing on the potential for Nyctanthes arbortristis extracts to combat immune deficiencies and related health conditions. Understanding the relationship between herbal extracts and disease management guides therapeutic strategies.

50) Species:
Species refers to the specific variety of Nyctanthes arbortristis examined in the study. Identifying species is critical in ethnomedicine, where different varieties may exhibit differing biochemical profiles and therapeutic effects valuable for research and treatment development.

51) Company:
Company may refer to collaborations among researchers or institutions involved in the study. Collaborative efforts enhance the research quality, ensuring diverse expertise is leveraged to yield comprehensive findings and reliable data in scientific investigations.

52) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita relates to Ayurvedic formulations, often involving clarified butter mixed with herbal extracts. Its mention highlights the study's connection to Ayurvedic practices, suggesting that traditional preparations may influence modern therapeutic approaches to immune modulation.

53) Bhadra:
Bhadra is likely an author mentioned in the study. Contributions from named authors such as Bhadra play a vital role in shaping the narrative, research design, analysis, and interpretation within the context of the study.

54) Sharada (Sarada, Sara-da):
Sarada represents another author contributing to the investigation, indicating collaborative effort within the research team. Collaboration among researchers enriches the study's perspective, allowing for a multifaceted approach to the analysis of the immunological properties of the extracts.

55) Priya:
Priya may denote an author involved in the research work. The inclusion of different authors demonstrates a collective inquiry where their combined efforts translate into a more robust exploration of the subject matter presented in the study.

56) Patel:
Patel is another author associated with the research. Contributions from individual authors like Patel establish the collaborative environment necessary for thorough reviews and examinations of the data presented within the study.

57) Death:
Death discusses the critical nature of understanding immunosuppression and its impact on health outcomes. In the context of the study, it underlines the importance of effective immune responses in preventing life-threatening diseases and the potential role of herbal therapy in these scenarios.

58) Tama:
Dhama highlights an author involved in the study. The contributions call attention to the joint effort in the research process, which emphasizes a comprehensive approach to studying the various aspects of Nyctanthes arbortristis extracts.

59) Jacob:
Jacob is another contributing author associated with the study. Each author's role in the research contributes to gathering insights, strengthening arguments made in the research and the eventual conclusions drawn regarding immune modulation.

60) Guru:
Guru references an author involved in the research. The collaborative input of multiple authors is essential in validating findings, ensuring a diverse scope and perspective in examining the immunomodulatory effects of tested plant extracts.

61) Sida (Shida):
Sida relates to a plant species known for its medicinal properties. Its mention can suggest a comparative analysis among different plants for their immunomodulatory effects, further establishing the significance of research on traditional herbal remedies.

62) Bala:
Bala refers to an author involved in the research study. The diverse expertise of multiple authors like Bala contributes to enriching the research analysis and confirming the reliability of the study outcomes presented.

63) Arya:
Arya highlights another author related to the research effort. Cumulatively, the authors contribute their insights and findings, providing a comprehensive examination of the immunological potential of the studied plant extracts.

64) Lata:
Lata symbolizes an author associated with the research, reinforcing the collaborative nature of academic studies. Such partnerships enhance the depth of the investigation, drawing from a wealth of knowledge and expertise.

65) Nema:
Nema references an author involved in the research project. Collaboration among researchers like Nema fosters a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring that different perspectives are integrated into the study's findings and conclusions.

66) Dhar:
Dhar is an author that reflects involvement in the investigation. The collective contributions from multiple authors are essential to advancing the discussion and understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of herbal treatments derived from the studied plant.

67) Rich (Rch):
The term 'rich' is less relevant in this context, perhaps discussing the diversity of bioactive compounds in Nyctanthes arbortristis or referring to the ample therapeutic potential that is explored through the study. It signifies the abundance of natural resources available for research and application.

68) Male:
Male refers generally to the subjects used in this study, highlighting the specific focus on gender in experimental models. In scientific research, considering gender can reveal differences in pharmacokinetics or immune responses, leading to a more nuanced understanding of biological effects.

69) Life:
Life encapsulates the primary focus of studying immune modulation and health maintenance through natural means. It suggests the importance of enhancing life quality and longevity through effective therapeutic strategies, rooted in traditional and modern medicine practices.

70) Cinnamomum zeylanicum:
Cinnamomum zeylanicum is another plant often studied for medicinal properties. Its mention could indicate comparisons or relationships with Nyctanthes arbortristis regarding immune-boosting effects, furthering understanding of plant-based immunomodulators in therapeutic contexts.

71) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia is a significant plant in traditional medicine, known for its immunomodulatory effects. Referencing it illustrates the broader scope of studying various herbs for their therapeutic potential, enriching the research framework around Nyctanthes arbortristis.

72) Withania somnifera:
Withania somnifera, known as Ashwagandha, is renowned for its health benefits, particularly for boosting immunity. Its mention establishes a connection between established herbal resources and emerging studies like those focusing on Nyctanthes arbortristis, anchoring similar therapeutic properties.

73) Ocimum sanctum:
Ocimum sanctum, or Holy Basil, is a traditional herb known for its medicinal benefits. Its inclusion in the research context allows for promoting a broader understanding of diverse herbs and their roles in enhancing immune health alongside Nyctanthes arbortristis.

74) Peer review:
Peer review is a critical process that validates scientific findings. In the context of the research, it underscores the importance of scholarly critique to ensure the credibility and reliability of the findings on the studied plant extracts.

75) Aegle marmelos:
Aegle marmelos, or Bael, is another important herb in traditional medicine. Its mention emphasizes the significance of researching diverse plant species, potentially leading to discoveries that enhance immune modulation and therapeutic efficacy.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 96]

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