Calebin A inhibits Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV: In silico and in vitro
Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory action of Calebin A: An in silico and in vitro analysis
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Nehru Sai Suresh Chalichem, Srikanth Jupudi, Venkata Ramesh Yasam, Duraiswamy Basavan
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:
(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)
Full text available for: Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory action of Calebin A: An in silico and in vitro analysis
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.008
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Calebin A inhibits Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV: In silico and in vitro”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
In the context of scientific research, a table is a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. It serves to organize and present findings, making it easier for readers to analyze relationships and compare variables effectively. Tables often summarize results from experiments, facilitating quick understanding of complex information and supporting the text's conclusions.
2) Drug:
A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. In pharmacology, drugs are developed based on their effects on biological systems. Research often focuses on identifying novel compounds with therapeutic potential, examining their efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action to ensure they can be safely utilized in medical practice.
3) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effect or function of a substance, particularly in pharmacology. In studies relating to drugs, researchers assess the activity of compounds against specific targets, such as enzymes or receptors. Understanding a drug's activity helps in evaluating its therapeutic benefits and potential side effects, guiding further development and application.
4) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting facts. In the scientific context, studies are conducted to explore hypotheses through experiments, observations, and analyses. Results from studies contribute to knowledge in a given field, influencing practices, policies, and further research while ensuring academic rigor and validation of findings.
5) Disease:
Disease is an abnormal condition of a living organism, often characterized by specific symptoms and effects. In biomedical research, understanding disease mechanisms is critical for developing effective treatments. Research focuses on identifying causes, prevention strategies, and therapeutic options, aiming to improve health outcomes and manage disease among affected populations.
6) Pose:
In molecular biology, the term pose refers to the specific spatial configuration of a ligand bound to a target protein. Identifying the optimal pose in docking studies helps researchers understand how a compound interacts at the molecular level. The accuracy of this pose is critical in assessing binding affinity and predicting biological activity.
7) Water:
Water is a vital solvent for biochemical reactions and is essential for the maintenance of cellular structures and functions. Its role extends to mediating interactions between biomolecules in biological systems. Understanding water's properties and interactions is crucial in drug design, as it affects solubility, stability, and the overall pharmacokinetic profile of compounds.
8) Field:
In research contexts, a field refers to a specific area of study or discipline, such as pharmacology, biochemistry, or molecular biology. Each field encompasses unique methodologies, theories, and applications, contributing to the broader understanding of health and disease. The interdisciplinary approach often enhances insights by integrating knowledge across diverse fields.
9) Surface:
Surface properties of molecules are crucial in understanding interactions with other compounds or biological systems. In drug development, the surface characteristics of both drug candidates and their targets significantly impact binding affinity. Analyzing surface interactions aids in optimizing drug formulations and predicting how molecules will behave in physiological environments.
10) Calculation:
Calculation in scientific research often pertains to quantitative assessments, such as binding affinities or energy interactions within molecular systems. Calculations help in predicting biological activity and optimizing compounds during drug discovery processes. Accurate calculations underpin the validity of experimental findings, ensuring that derived data can be effectively interpreted for further research.
11) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India and often used in academic citations to refer to researchers in collaborative studies. In the scientific community, it may appear in reference to a contributing author's work or findings. Acknowledging co-authors like Kumar emphasizes the collaborative nature of research in advancing knowledge.
12) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study and effects of drugs on biological systems. This encompasses understanding how drugs interact at the molecular level, their therapeutic effects, side effects, and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacological studies are essential for developing new medications and optimizing existing therapies, contributing significantly to medical science and patient care.
13) Turmeric:
Turmeric is a spice derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, widely recognized for its culinary and medicinal uses. It contains bioactive compounds, particularly curcumin, which have been studied for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Research into turmeric's health benefits continues to grow, highlighting its potential in therapeutic applications.
14) Chang:
Chang is a common surname in many Asian cultures, particularly Chinese. In academic texts, it may refer to a researcher or author involved in significant scientific studies. Identifying individuals like Chang in publications helps highlight contributions to research, fostering collaboration and recognition within the global scientific community.
15) Food:
Food is crucial for sustaining life, providing necessary nutrients for health and energy. In pharmacology, understanding the interactions between food and drugs is essential for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Certain foods can affect drug absorption, metabolism, and efficacy, making it important to study these relationships during drug development and clinical investigations.
16) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division, resulting from genetic mutations and environmental factors. Research into cancer aims to understand its molecular basis, discover novel treatments, and improve early detection strategies. Advances in oncology continue to focus on targeted therapies, less toxic treatments, and enhancing quality of life for patients.
17) Garlic:
Garlic is a widely cultivated plant known for its culinary uses and potential health benefits. Research suggests that garlic contains bioactive compounds, such as allicin, which may have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Investigating garlic's pharmacological properties contributes to the understanding of natural compounds in health promotion and disease prevention.
18) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates in the body, transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. In medical research, blood analysis can provide insights into various health conditions, enabling diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Understanding blood's components and functions is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions, particularly in diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
19) Hand:
In a biological context, 'hand' can refer to anatomical structures or be used metaphorically to describe dexterity or manual abilities in research and medical practices. It emphasizes the importance of physical skills in conducting experiments, surgeries, and hands-on activities crucial in clinical settings and laboratory environments.
20) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, is a flowering plant renowned for its rhizome, which is used as a spice and for its medicinal properties. Its bioactive component, curcumin, has been extensively researched for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a significant subject in studies aiming at therapeutic applications in various diseases.
21) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds that occur naturally in plants and may contribute to health benefits. These compounds are the focus of extensive research for their potential roles in disease prevention and management. Studies involving phytochemicals seek to understand their mechanisms of action, interactions within biological systems, and viability as therapeutic agents.
22) Perception:
Perception relates to the awareness or understanding of information, which can influence decision-making in research. In contexts involving health interventions or drug use, how individuals perceive treatments can affect adherence and outcomes. Understanding these perceptions is essential to improve therapeutic strategies and enhance patient engagement in their healthcare.
23) Pramana:
Pramana refers to the sources of valid knowledge in Indian philosophy and can signify 'proof' or 'evidence'. In academic discourse, this term encourages rigorous validation of findings through logical reasoning and empirical evidence. It underscores the importance of substantiating claims in scientific research, promoting integrity and transparency.
24) Quality:
Quality relates to the standard of excellence or the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. Discussing the quality of research involves evaluating the validity and reliability of findings, methods employed, and adherence to ethical standards, which are critical for producing impactful and credible scientific contributions.
25) Madura:
Madura typically refers to a geographical location or may denote an individual's name in academic endeavors. In research, individuals such as Madura contribute diverse perspectives and expertise, particularly within collaborative studies. Their insights and findings can drive innovation and enhance understanding across various scientific fields.
26) Family:
Family often implies a group of related organisms in biological classifications or can refer to connections among authors in collaborative research. In studies, the family context emphasizes the shared characteristics and interactions among various entities, enhancing understanding of diversity and relationships in ecological and clinical research.
27) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in Indian communities and frequently appears in published research. It may represent co-authors in various scientific papers, highlighting the collaborative nature of research efforts. Acknowledging individuals like Sharma fosters recognition of contributions and encourages collaborative approaches to addressing scientific challenges.
28) Nature:
Nature refers to the physical world and biological systems, encompassing everything from ecosystems to biological organisms. In the context of scientific research, understanding nature is crucial for developing sustainable practices, conserving resources, and fostering innovations that align with environmental principles, playing a critical role in health and wellness disciplines.
29) Pitta:
Pitta typically refers to a dosha in Ayurveda, representing one of three fundamental bodily energies believed to govern biological functions. In health and wellness research, understanding pitta helps inform dietary and lifestyle recommendations to maintain balance and well-being. This knowledge contributes to holistic approaches to health rooted in traditional practices.
30) Gupta:
Gupta is a common surname that reflects the Indian heritage of individuals, often appearing in academic and professional contexts. The name is associated with contributions to numerous fields, including science and medicine. Acknowledging authors like Gupta emphasizes their role in collaborative research efforts and the importance of diversity in scientific inquiry.
31) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush represents an acronym for the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy in India. This division focuses on promoting traditional healthcare systems. Ayush emphasizes integrating these therapies into modern healthcare, encouraging research innovation to enhance the health outcomes of diverse populations through established natural practices.
32) Hara:
Hara may refer to a person involved in scientific studies or a concept within certain traditional practices and philosophies. In research contexts, individuals named Hara may contribute unique insights or methodologies, while the name can also resonate with particular cultural practices that influence health and wellness considerations.
33) Gali:
Gali is a common surname that can represent individuals in the field of research. Acknowledging authors like Gali highlights the collaborative nature of scientific studies, where multiple perspectives contribute to knowledge advancement. Each contributor's work plays a vital part in forming the body of evidence necessary for progress in health sciences.
34) Miṇi (Mini):
Mini often signifies a smaller version of something or a brief overview. In research, it can refer to mini-reviews that encapsulate key findings in a concise manner. Such succinct communications are crucial for quickly sharing insights within the academic community, facilitating knowledge exchange without extensive resources.
35) Beta:
Beta can refer to a type of glucan or a phase in development and testing of drugs. In pharmacology, beta testing is crucial for assessing drug performance in clinical trials, focusing on efficacy and safety. It links closely to understanding market readiness and consumer response to new health interventions.
36) Dang:
Dang can refer to a researcher or author whose contributions to scientific studies warrant recognition. Identifying individuals like Dang plays a key role in acknowledging collaborative efforts in research fields, ensuring those who provide essential insights, findings, or methodologies receive due credit in published works.
37) Peng:
Peng is a common surname that may refer to an author or researcher within academic literature. Acknowledging individuals like Peng highlights collaboration and cooperation in scientific endeavors. Their contributions may significantly impact findings and innovations, demonstrating the importance of diverse perspectives in advancing research understanding.
38) Diet:
Diet encompasses the foods and drinks consumed by individuals or populations, which significantly influences health and well-being. Research focused on diet examines nutritional impacts on diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, often guiding public health recommendations. Understanding diet-related factors aids in formulating effective interventions and improving health outcomes.
39) Ter:
The term 'ther' typically relates to therapy or therapeutic approaches aimed at treating medical conditions. In research, understanding various therapies is key for developing effective treatment protocols and enhancing patient care. Each therapeutic method informs best practices and contributes to the advancement of medical knowledge.
40) Peer review:
Peer review is a process by which scholarly work, such as research articles, is evaluated by experts in the field prior to publication. This important mechanism ensures the quality, accuracy, and credibility of scientific literature. It promotes rigorous standards, validating findings, and fostering trust in published research among the academic community and the public.
41) New Delhi:
New Delhi, the capital of India, often serves as a hub for academic and scientific research. Being a central location for many research institutions and universities, it influences the development of policies and collaborations within the country. Its significance extends to hosting various conferences and fostering innovation in diverse fields.
42) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process of conveying information or disease. In medical and scientific contexts, transmission can describe how diseases spread or how research findings are shared. Understanding transmission dynamics is essential for controlling infectious diseases and developing effective public health strategies to mitigate health risks.
43) Arrangement:
Arrangement refers to the spatial organization or structure in molecular biology. In research on proteins or nucleic acids, examining the arrangement of atoms within a molecule can reveal insights into its function and interactions. Understanding molecular arrangement enhances drug design and helps elucidate mechanisms of action in biological systems.
44) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environment or context around a specific entity, often influencing interactions or behavior. In biological studies, the surrounding conditions of cells or organisms can affect physiological responses. Understanding these surroundings is crucial for interpreting experimental results and drawing conclusions about biological processes and drug efficacy.
45) Reliability:
Reliability is a measure of the consistency and dependability of research findings or methods. In scientific studies, establishing reliability is vital for validation, ensuring reproducibility, and enhancing the credibility of results. Researchers strive for high reliability to foster confidence in their conclusions and support further investigations.
46) Discussion:
Discussion is a key section in research papers where authors interpret and contextualize their findings. It connects results to existing literature, exploring implications and future directions. An effective discussion enhances understanding of the research topic, facilitating dialogue and encouraging critical thinking among readers and researchers.
47) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to methods of inquiry based on observation, experimentation, and evidence. It underpins modern research and promotes systematic understanding of natural phenomena. Scientific approaches are essential to advancements in technology, health, and environmental stewardship, fostering discoveries that improve quality of life and deepen our understanding of the universe.
48) Medicine:
Medicine is the field focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, incorporating various practice forms, including traditional, complementary, and conventional methods. Advances in medicine hinge on research and innovation, aiming to improve patient care and outcomes efficiently. Knowledge integration across specialties facilitates comprehensive approaches towards health improvements.
49) Venkata (Vemkata):
Venkata is a common Indian name, often appearing as a surname in scholarly articles. In academic citations, it may denote a significant contributor to research, emphasizing collaboration in studies. Acknowledging authors like Venkata highlights the collaborative effort needed in conducting comprehensive research to advance knowledge in any field.
50) Writing:
Writing in academic contexts involves articulating thoughts, findings, and analyses comprehensively. It is crucial for documenting research, sharing knowledge, and contributing to the scientific community. Effective writing enhances clarity, ensuring that complex concepts are accessible and encouraging engagement from a broader audience, vital for knowledge dissemination.
51) Reason:
Reason refers to the intellectual process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on evidence and logic. In scientific discourse, reason is fundamental for hypothesis formulation, experimental design, and interpretation of results. Cultivating reasoning skills among researchers enhances critical thinking, which is crucial for advancing understanding and innovation.
52) Indian:
Indian refers to anything related to India, including its culture, people, and practices. In research contexts, Indian contributions highlight the diversity of knowledge and traditions, particularly in medical and scientific fields. Recognition of Indian research emphasizes the global collaborative efforts towards addressing health challenges and promoting traditional practices grounded in local ecosystems.
53) Divya:
Divya is a common name in India, often representing individuals in academic literature. Recognizing contributors like Divya in research underscores the importance of diverse perspectives in collaborative scientific inquiries, promoting inclusivity and fairness within the academic community, fostering a richer understanding of complex issues through varied insights.
54) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, serves as a pivotal center for various academic and research institutions. Its diverse population and cultural richness foster innovative ideas and approaches to contemporary challenges. Research conducted in Delhi often yields findings that resonate on both a national and global scale, enhancing collaboration and knowledge exchange.
55) India:
India is a country characterized by its rich history, culture, and diversity. In scientific discourse, India is increasingly recognized for its contributions to various fields, including medicine, pharmacology, and environmental studies. Indian research institutions play a vital role in global scientific advancements, addressing challenges pertinent to both local and international contexts.
56) Rules:
Rules are established guidelines or principles that govern behavior or processes in various contexts. In research, rules ensure ethical standards, accuracy, and replicability of studies. Adhering to established rules fosters integrity and credibility in scientific work, culminating in rigorous methodologies that enhance trust in the resulting findings.
57) Shasha (Sasa, Shasa, Sasha):
Sasa is a term that could represent a specific individual's name or an acronym related to research. In scientific literature, identifying contributors like Sasa highlights the importance of collaboration in advancing research. Recognition of diverse authors encourages inclusivity and acknowledges contributions essential for comprehensive investigations in any field.
58) Line:
Line can refer to a sequence or connection in various contexts. In research, it may indicate a line of inquiry or argument concerning a hypothesis or theory. Establishing clear lines of thought aids in systematically exploring research questions, ensuring logical flow and coherence in scholarly communication.
59) Post:
Post typically refers to a communication or publication concerning updates or findings. In academic contexts, post-publication discussions further enhance interpretations and applications of research results. Engaging in post-publication dialogue fosters collaboration, promotes scrutiny, and encourages transparency, making the scientific process dynamic and continuously evolving.
60) Pir:
Peer in academia refers to individuals within the same field or discipline who evaluate, assist, or collaborate with one another. Peer evaluation is crucial, ensuring research quality before publication, maintaining academic integrity, and fostering scholarly rigor. Peer interactions contribute knowledge exchange, enabling advancements across various scientific domains.
61) Life:
Life encompasses the biological existence and physiological processes of living organisms. In scientific contexts, understanding the principles of life is fundamental to fields like biology, medicine, and environmental studies. Research on life processes informs health interventions, ecological preservation, and advances understanding regarding the interconnectedness of biosystems.