Ayurvedic etiology of depression vs. gut dysregulation effects.

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Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: A cross comparison between Ayurvedic etiology of Major Depressive Disorder and bidirectional effect of gut dysregulation
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Author:

Eliot Steer


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:

(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)

Full text available for: A cross comparison between Ayurvedic etiology of Major Depressive Disorder and bidirectional effect of gut dysregulation

Year: 2019 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.08.002

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0


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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic etiology of depression vs. gut dysregulation effects.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Depression:
Depression refers to a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and a range of emotional and physical problems. It significantly impacts daily functioning and quality of life. Factors such as lifestyle choices, biological predispositions, and gut health are increasingly recognized as contributing to depressive symptoms.

2) Disease:
Disease encompasses any abnormal condition affecting the function of an organism's body. It can be caused by various factors including infections, genetic disorders, or environmental influences. Understanding disease pathology is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Ayurveda and modern medicine both recognize the interconnectedness of body systems in disease development.

3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes holistic health by balancing the mind, body, and spirit through diet, lifestyle, and herbal remedies. It integrates concepts like doshas, agni, and ama to promote individualized treatment approaches, making it relevant in contemporary discussions about health and well-being.

4) Diet:
Diet plays a fundamental role in health and can significantly impact physical and mental well-being. Nutrient-rich foods are essential for maintaining digestive health and preventing diseases. In Ayurveda, dietary choices are tailored to an individual's dosha type, emphasizing the importance of personalized nutrition in achieving balance and wellness.

5) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three bio-energetic principles used in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—that govern physiological and psychological characteristics. Each person has a unique dosha composition, and an imbalance can lead to health issues. Understanding one's dosha can guide diet, lifestyle, and treatment choices in Ayurvedic practice.

6) Agni:
Agni, or 'digestive fire,' is a key concept in Ayurveda referring to the body's metabolic processes. A strong agni is essential for proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health. Disturbances in agni can lead to the accumulation of ama (toxic waste), contributing to various diseases, including mental disorders.

7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. While acute inflammation is a protective mechanism, chronic inflammation is linked to various diseases, including depression. Ayurveda emphasizes managing inflammation through dietary choices, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies to heal the body holistically.

8) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, comprised of earth and water elements. It represents structure, stability, and lubrication in the body. Imbalances in Kapha can lead to physical and emotional issues, including obesity, lethargy, and depression. Kapha imbalances can be addressed through dietary choices and increased activity.

9) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation and analysis of a subject to establish facts and reach new conclusions. In the context of depression and Ayurveda, studies may explore the connections between gut health and mental health, providing evidence for integrative approaches in treatment. Research plays a critical role in validating traditional practices.

10) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness and injury. It can be broadly divided into conventional (allopathic) and complementary (alternative) approaches. Integrating traditional systems like Ayurveda with modern medicine is increasingly acknowledged as a way to enhance patient care and treatment efficacy.

11) Food:
Food is vital for nourishment, health, and energy. In Ayurveda, specific foods are associated with different doshas and health outcomes. Proper choices can enhance digestion, balance doshas, and support mental health. The cultural perspective on food's role emphasizes its significance in both physical and emotional wellness.

12) Mud:
Mood refers to a person's emotional state, which can be influenced by a variety of factors including diet, lifestyle, and social context. Mood disorders, such as depression, are increasingly linked to dietary habits and gut health, highlighting the importance of holistic approaches, including Ayurvedic practices, in mood management.

13) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear, often leading to physical symptoms. It can be linked to imbalances in the doshas and may be exacerbated by poor diet or stress. Ayurvedic treatments may provide valuable strategies for managing anxiety through lifestyle and dietary adjustments.

14) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with air and space elements. It governs movement and communication within the body. An imbalance in Vata can lead to anxiety, restlessness, and cognitive disorders. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of stabilizing Vata through diet, routines, and nurturing practices.

15) Meditation:
Meditation is a practice that promotes mental clarity, emotional balance, and spiritual growth. It is recognized in various traditions, including Ayurveda, as a means to calm the mind and reduce stress. Regular meditation can enhance overall mental health, aiding in the management of conditions like depression and anxiety.

16) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something as measured against other things. In health and wellness, the quality of diet, lifestyle, and emotional experiences greatly impacts physical and mental states. Ayurveda focuses on nurturing high-quality living and health practices to achieve balance and fulfillment in life.

17) Unmada:
Unmada refers to madness or severe mental disturbance in Ayurveda. It indicates a significant imbalance in the doshas and can manifest as various mental illnesses. Ayurvedic interventions focus on dietary adjustments, herbal treatments, and lifestyle changes to restore mental clarity and balance, emphasizing holistic health.

18) Tama:
Tama is one of the three guṇas (qualities) in Ayurveda representing inertia, darkness, and lethargy. An excess of tamas can result in apathy, depression, and poor motivation. Ayurveda aims to balance tamas through lifestyle choices and stimulating activities, facilitating mental clarity and emotional stability.

19) Life:
Life encompasses the experiences and choices that shape an individual's existence. In Ayurveda, life is viewed holistically, emphasizing the balance of physical, mental, and spiritual aspects. Understanding the interconnections within life can lead to more effective health practices and approaches to achieving overall well-being.

20) Tamas:
Tamas represents one of the three guṇas or qualities that characterize mental states in Ayurveda. An excess of tamas may lead to depression, inertia, and confusion. To balance tamas, Ayurveda recommends integrating practices that stimulate vitality and promote clarity, such as proper diet and active lifestyle modifications.

21) Manda (Mamda):
Manda refers to a state of low metabolic function or 'weak agni' in Ayurveda, contributing to lethargy and digestive issues. It may lead to symptoms like fatigue and depression. Treatments typically involve dietary changes, digestive stimulants, and lifestyle adjustments to enhance metabolic activity and overall health.

22) Blood:
Blood is vital for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells throughout the body. In Ayurveda, the quality of blood can indicate overall health. Disorders related to blood, such as high inflammation or toxicity, can impact mental and physical health, emphasizing the need for holistic dietary and lifestyle interventions.

23) Pur:
Poor refers to a deficient or inadequate state. In health contexts, poor conditions (like nutrition or lifestyle) can lead to various health issues, including mental disorders. Ayurveda promotes recognizing these deficiencies to implement healing practices through improved diet and lifestyle, aiming for overall balance and wellness.

24) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a historic city in India known for its cultural and spiritual significance, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional medicine. It offers insights into ancient health practices and the philosophical basis of wellbeing. The city's rich heritage is pivotal for understanding the origins of Ayurvedic knowledge and treatments.

25) Activity:
Activity refers to physical or mental engagement in tasks or exercises essential for health. In Ayurveda, regular activity is vital for maintaining balance among the doshas and sustaining agni (digestive fire). Promoting a lifestyle rich in physical activity is strongly encouraged to counteract mental health issues like depression.

26) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, consisting of fire and water elements. It governs metabolism, digestion, and transformation processes in the body. Balancing pitta is crucial, as its excess can lead to irritability, inflammation, and digestive disorders. Ayurveda emphasizes dietary and lifestyle practices for pitta management.

27) Guna:
Guṇa refers to the three fundamental qualities in Ayurveda—sattva (purity), rajas (activity), and tamas (inertia)—that define mental and physical states. Understanding the interaction and balance of these qualities is essential for achieving holistic health and well-being, guiding treatments and lifestyle choices.

28) Fire:
Fire symbolizes energy and transformation in various contexts, including Ayurveda, where it is associated with agni (digestive fire). A balanced fire is crucial for physical and mental health, impacting digestion and metabolism. Practices that enhance or balance the fire element are emphasized in Ayurvedic treatments.

29) Drug:
Drugs refer to substances used to treat or prevent illness. In both Western and Ayurvedic medicine, drugs play a role; however, Ayurveda emphasizes herbal remedies and holistic interventions, aiming to treat underlying imbalances rather than merely masking symptoms, often reducing reliance on synthetic pharmaceuticals.

30) Human body:
The human body is a complex system of interconnected organs and processes. Ayurveda views it as a microcosm of the universe, where physical, psychological, and spiritual elements must be balanced for optimal health. Understanding this complexity allows for more effective treatments and health practices.

31) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha consists of elements of earth and water, representing stability and structure in the Ayurveda system. Its balance is crucial for maintaining bodily resistance, immunity, and healthy metabolism. An imbalance in Kapha can lead to lethargy and depression, necessitating dietary and lifestyle adjustments to restore harmony.

32) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Manda-agni refers to weak digestion in Ayurveda, characterized by low metabolic activity and inefficient nutrient absorption. It often leads to various health issues, such as lethargy and depression. Ayurvedic interventions focus on stimulating agni through diet and lifestyle changes to promote metabolic health.

33) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses the systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment, foundational for understanding health and disease. While ancient practices like Ayurveda are based on empirical wisdom, integrating scientific research can provide deeper insight and validation for holistic health interventions.

34) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to a state of imbalance or corruption in Ayurveda, often relating to doshas or agni that can lead to various health issues. Identifying and correcting vitiated states through diet, lifestyle, and herbal treatments is a core aspect of Ayurvedic practice aimed at restoring wellness.

35) Nature:
Nature refers to the intrinsic characteristics and essential qualities of living and non-living entities. In Ayurveda, nature influences health and treatment modalities, as natural elements and cycles play a crucial role in maintaining balance in doshas and overall well-being, supporting natural healing processes.

36) Indian:
Indian often pertains to the indigenous practices and medical systems like Ayurveda that have emerged in India over thousands of years. These rich cultural traditions significantly contribute to the understanding of health, wellness, and holistic approaches, emphasizing the interconnectedness of lifestyle, diet, and mental health.

37) Rajas:
Rajas is one of the three guṇas in Ayurveda, representing activity, passion, and movement. While essential for motivation, an excess of rajas can lead to agitation and stress. Balancing rajas is vital for mental health, often addressed through calming practices and lifestyle adjustments in Ayurvedic treatment.

38) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya refers to Ayurvedic treatments involving the administration of oils or powders through the nasal passage, aimed at purifying the mind and addressing disorders related to the head and sinuses. This practice enhances respiratory health, cognitive function, and alleviates symptoms related to mental disorders.

39) Water:
Water is essential for bodily functions, encompassing various physiological roles from hydration to facilitating biochemical reactions. In Ayurveda, water is seen as crucial for maintaining balance, especially concerning temperatures and dosha equilibrium. Adequate hydration is emphasized to support digestion and overall health.

40) Sugar:
Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that provides energy. However, excessive sugar consumption is linked to various health issues, including inflammation and mood disorders. Ayurveda recommends natural sweeteners and a balanced diet to avoid the adverse effects of refined sugars, including their impact on mental health.

41) Birth:
Birth is the beginning of life and carries profound implications in Ayurveda, particularly concerning genetic predispositions and the balance of doshas from a young age. Understanding birth conditions can shape approaches to health throughout life, emphasizing the significance of nurturing from infancy.

42) Raja:
Raja, indicating activity and motion, relates to the concept of rajas in Ayurveda. It reflects on the nature of dynamic energy that drives motivation and passion. Balancing rajas promotes mental well-being, preventing extremes that may affect emotional health and stability.

43) Sign:
Sign refers to a symbol or indicator. In medical contexts, signs can indicate health status or disease presence, forming a critical part of diagnostic processes. Recognizing signs is crucial for timely interventions in both Ayurveda and modern medicine, enhancing the effectiveness of treatment strategies.

44) Post:
Post generally signifies something that occurs after an event. In health contexts, post-treatment strategies are critical for sustaining benefits. In Ayurveda, ongoing practices to maintain balance and prevent relapse into illness are emphasized, underlining the significance of long-term health management.

45) Mental disorder:
Mental disorder encompasses various conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. Such disorders can arise from chemical imbalances, stress, or lifestyle factors. Ayurveda offers holistic treatment options that address underlying causes and promote mental wellness through dietary and lifestyle changes, along with mindfulness practices.

46) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
To accumulate means to gather or accumulate over time, often leading to an excess that can cause imbalances in the body, particularly in Ayurveda. This can result in health issues if not addressed promptly through dietary adjustments, lifestyle changes, and other therapeutic interventions.

47) Similarity:
Similarity identifies shared characteristics or attributes in different contexts. Understanding the similarities between Ayurvedic concepts and contemporary medical understandings of health and disease can foster integrative approaches to treatment, enhancing patient care and awareness of how lifestyle choices impact health.

48) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to a branch of Ayurveda focused on rejuvenation and promoting health and longevity. It involves using herbs, dietary strategies, and lifestyle practices to enhance vitality, strengthen the immune system, and combat the effects of aging, facilitating a holistic approach to health restoration.

49) Vomiting:
Vomiting, though often considered a distressing condition, is viewed in Ayurveda as a process to expel ama (toxins) from the body. Therapeutic vomiting (Vamana) is employed as a cleansing technique to restore balance and eliminate waste, emphasizing the importance of detoxification in managing health.

50) Training:
Training refers to the process of developing skills or knowledge through instruction or practice. In health contexts, training can encompass various activities aimed at improving physical, mental, or emotional well-being. Incorporating training into daily routines can enhance overall health and support mental resilience.

51) Learning:
Learning involves acquiring knowledge or skills through experience, study, or teaching. In health, continuous learning is essential for understanding the complexities of various medical systems like Ayurveda and modern medicine, enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their health and adopt practices that promote wellness.

52) Barbara (Varvara):
Barbara could refer to personal names in health-related studies or as part of cultural contexts. In a medical research scenario, individuals like 'Dr. Barbara' might contribute expertise in specific fields such as psychology or Ayurveda. Their insights can enhance understanding of various therapeutic approaches.

53) Account:
Account refers to a detailed report or narrative describing an event or situation. In medical research, accounts of patient experiences or treatment outcomes can provide significant insights. Sharing such accounts helps promote awareness of health practices and can inform future research and treatment modalities.

54) Sattva (Shattva):
Sattva represents purity and harmony among the three guṇas in Ayurveda. It reflects clarity, wisdom, and balance. Cultivating sattva through diet, lifestyle, and mindfulness can promote mental health and well-being. Striving for higher sattva quality is essential in achieving a balanced and fulfilling life.

55) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in India notable for its rich cultural heritage and Ayurvedic practices. The region has become a hub for Ayurvedic treatments and education, drawing interest from around the world. Its practices emphasize holistic health and the integration of lifestyle, diet, and well-being.

56) Vamana:
Vamana is an Ayurvedic therapy involving therapeutic vomiting aimed at detoxifying the body by eliminating accumulated toxins (ama). This practice is part of the Panchakarma detoxification process to restore balance and promote health. Vamana is particularly useful for conditions associated with excess Kapha.

57) Khatri:
Khatri could refer to an individual's name or designation within the context of Ayurvedic studies or medical practices. In a broader sense, it may symbolize practitioners who specialize in holistic healing approaches or contribute to the understanding of alternative treatments for mental and physical health.

58) Medhya:
Medhya herbs are those that enhance mental clarity, intellect, and cognitive function in Ayurveda. These are often used to treat memory-related issues and improve mental health. Incorporating medhya rasayana into treatment regimens can help support psychological well-being and enhance cognitive performance.

59) Silver:
Silver may refer to materials used in Ayurvedic treatments or as metaphors for purity and quality in health practices. In traditional medicine contexts, silver's antimicrobial properties could underscore its potential utility in healing applications, reflecting Ayurveda's holistic emphasis on natural substances for health enhancement.

60) Cotton:
Cotton is often used in various therapeutic contexts, particularly in relation to health and comfort. In traditional medicine, cotton may symbolize simplicity and naturalness, reinforcing Ayurvedic principles that favor natural materials and approaches in promoting health and maintaining well-being through balanced living.

61) Panca (Pancan, Pamca):
Pancha means 'five' in Sanskrit and is significant in Ayurveda, particularly in the concept of Pancha Karma, a detoxification process encompassing five cleansing therapies. These therapies aim to balance doshas and flush out impurities, emphasizing the holistic approach Ayurveda takes towards health restoration and maintenance.

62) Manas (Mano, Manash):
Manas refers to the mind in Ayurvedic terms and encompasses mental faculties like thoughts, emotions, and consciousness. Understanding manas is fundamental in Ayurveda for addressing mental health issues. Treatment approaches focus on harmonizing manas through diet, lifestyle, and various therapeutic practices to achieve mental balance.

63) Karma (Karman):
Karma signifies the law of cause and effect, extending into actions and their corresponding outcomes. In Ayurveda, karma influences health, reflecting how past actions and lifestyle choices can impact current well-being. Awareness of karma encourages mindful living, promoting behaviors that foster health and balance.

64) Divya:
Divya relates to the divine or heavenly aspect in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, the concept of divya can apply to the pursuit of purity and holistic health. It emphasizes embodying qualities that enhance spiritual well-being and holistic health, supporting the aim of achieving optimal vitality and balance.

65) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine with rich cultural and spiritual dimensions. The Indian context includes a deep appreciation of nature and holistic health approaches, contributing significantly to the global understanding of integrative health practices that merge ancient wisdom with contemporary science.

66) Earth:
Earth symbolizes stability, nourishment, and grounding in various contexts, including Ayurveda. In Ayurvedic philosophy, the earth element relates to the Kapha dosha, representing physical health and structure. Understanding earth's qualities helps in recognizing its importance in maintaining balance and health in holistic practices.

67) Anger (Angry):
Anger is a potent emotion that can significantly impact mental and physical health. In Ayurveda, unchecked anger may lead to imbalances in the doshas, particularly Pitta, contributing to stress and other health issues. Ayurvedic practices emphasize managing anger through mindfulness and lifestyle changes to promote emotional well-being.

68) Shala (Sala):
Sala can refer to a space of trust and safety or signify a gathering area. In health contexts, the concept of sala is metaphorically relevant, emphasizing the importance of supportive environments which cultivate well-being. It highlights the need for creating safe spaces that foster healing and emotional resilience.

69) Mana:
Mana may refer to an individual's mental capacity, awareness, or consciousness. In Ayurveda, the concept of mana underlines the interconnectedness of mental state and health, emphasizing approaches that cultivate mental clarity, emotional balance, and overall well-being through holistic practices and lifestyle choices.

70) Mast:
Mast signifies a state of buoyancy and welfare. In Ayurveda, achieving a mast state symbolizes a balance of mental and physical health, representing the interconnectedness of bodily functions. It encourages a holistic view of health, integrating emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being.

71) Wall:
Wall may metaphorically represent barriers or boundaries in various contexts. In health discussions, walls symbolize resistance or limitations to achieving optimal well-being. Overcoming these 'walls' through lifestyle changes and holistic practices is central to many wellness modalities, aiding in the journey toward health.

72) Pole:
Pole can symbolize strength and stability in various cultures. In Ayurvedic contexts, it could represent the foundational principles that support health, emphasizing the importance of strong physical and mental foundations and holistic practices to maintain balance and wellness in life.

73) Ter:
Ther could refer to therapeutic approaches or elements in the context of health and well-being. This aligns with the Ayurvedic emphasis on therapeutic methods that restore balance and promote overall wellness, reflecting a focus on holistic healing practices.

74) Male:
Male pertains to gender and can influence health dynamics and treatment approaches. In Ayurveda, understanding gender-specific health issues allows for more tailored practices, recognizing that men and women may experience conditions differently, requiring distinct strategies in treatment and health promotion.

75) Nardostachys jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamamsi):
Nardostachys jatamansi, known as jatamansi, is an herb commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for its calming and rejuvenating properties. It supports mental health by reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality. By integrating jatamansi in treatments, Ayurveda promotes holistic mental well-being and addresses issues related to stress.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 116]

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