Pathophysiology of Janapadoddhwamsa wsr to Covid-19 Pandemic
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Pathophysiology of Janapadoddhwamsa wsr to Covid-19 Pandemic
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Kirti Soni
MD Scholar, Department of Ayurved Samhita and Siddhanta, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India.
Vijay Shankar Pandey
HOD and Professor, Department of Ayurved Samhita and Siddhanta, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Pathophysiology of Janapadoddhwamsa wsr to Covid-19 Pandemic
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i5.1068
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the concept of Janapadoddhwamsa, or pandemic, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, through the lens of Ayurvedic principles and philosophy. It highlights the intricate relationship between environmental factors—referred to as Vayu, Jala, Desh, and Kaal—and their role in the vitiation of health within populations. The authors, Kirti Soni and Vijay Shankar Pandey, aim to explore how these vitiated factors contribute to ecological imbalance, leading to the emergence of pathogens and subsequent widespread diseases, drawing parallels between ancient Ayurvedic concepts and modern epidemiology.
Pathogenesis and Environmental Factors
One crucial concept presented is the pathogenesis of Janapadoddhwamsa as outlined by Acharya Charak, who attributes the state of worldwide destruction to the vitiation of the four environmental factors due to negative human behaviors, termed Adharma and Pragyaparadha. These vitiated conditions create an environment conducive to the development of pathogens, classified as Bhutas, which are believed to invade and harm human health. The authors articulate that these principles not only encompass the clinical aspects of disease but extend to the management of health through the maintenance of cleanliness, hygiene, and adherence to routine as preventive measures against infectious diseases.
Bhutas as Disease-Causing Agents
Another significant topic elaborated upon is the role of Bhutas as disease-causing agents, with a particular comparison to viruses like SARS-CoV-2. The article illustrates how Ayurvedic texts conceptualize Bhutas and similar entities, emphasizing the overlap between these ancient classifications and contemporary understandings of microorganisms. By highlighting the transmission pathways of both Bhutas and viruses, the discussion sheds light on how historical perspectives can provide insights into modern disease management strategies. The authors argue that the Ayurvedic understanding of environmental contamination, through means such as polluted air and water, can be seen as a precursor to the spread of infectious disease.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the article posits a solid correlation between the Ayurvedic concept of Bhuta as a pathogenic factor and the phenomenon of Janapadoddhwamsa, particularly in the context of contemporary health crises like COVID-19. The authors stress the importance of adopting preventive measures as outlined in Ayurvedic texts to mitigate the risks associated with disease outbreaks. Overall, the examination of these ancient ideas offers a holistic viewpoint on health management, suggesting that the degradation of environmental and social factors plays a crucial role in the emergence of pandemics, reaffirming the relevance of traditional wisdom in modern public health discourse.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Janapadoddhwamsa in relation to pandemics like COVID-19?
Janapadoddhwamsa refers to the worldwide destruction caused by the vitiation of four natural factors: Vayu, Jala, Desh, and Kaal. This concept parallels the narratives of modern pandemics, including COVID-19, as a state of ecological imbalance leading to disease.
How does Ayurveda view microorganisms related to pandemics?
In Ayurveda, microorganisms are collectively referred to as Bhutas, which can lead to diseases. The article explores how these ancient concepts can be compared to modern pathogens like the coronavirus, indicating their role in causing pandemics.
What preventive measures are suggested in the context of Janapadoddhwamsa?
Preventive measures include maintaining hygiene, following Sadvritta, using Bhutaghna and Rakshoghna remedies, and adopting healthy lifestyle practices. These strategies help enhance immunity and combat the effects of vitiated environmental factors contributing to Janapadoddhwamsa.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pathophysiology of Janapadoddhwamsa wsr to Covid-19 Pandemic”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Bhuta:
In Ayurveda, 'Bhuta' refers to entities occupying the human body and causing diseases. They are considered a pathogenic factor in the context of Janapadoddhwamsa, similar to viruses in the modern sense, causing widespread destruction and diseases.
2) Virus:
The term 'virus' aligns with the concept of 'Bhuta' in Ayurveda. Pathogenic microbes like viruses can cause pandemics or Janapadoddhwamsa by invading human hosts, replicating, and impairing the immune system, leading to widespread disease and destruction.
3) Disease:
'Disease' in the context of Janapadoddhwamsa refers to the illness caused by the pathogenic 'Bhuta,' which is comparable to modern viruses. Such diseases can lead to widespread epidemics, affecting a large portion of the population.
4) Graha:
In Ayurvedic texts, 'Graha' signifies entities similar to 'Bhuta,' which can possess or attack human beings, leading to physical or psychological disorders. Their descriptions overlap with pathogen-induced diseases in modern times.
5) Transmission:
Transmission of diseases in Ayurveda occurs through mediums like air, water, and soil. This concept mirrors the modern understanding of how viruses and bacteria spread, facilitating the mass infection seen in pandemics.
6) Nature:
Nature, or 'Prakriti' in Ayurveda, plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. The vitiation of natural elements like Vayu, Jala, Desh, and Kaal can lead to disasters and the emergence of pathogenic entities like 'Bhuta' or viruses.
7) Bhava:
Bhava refers to the natural or environmental elements in Ayurveda. The vitiation of Bhava, such as Vayu, Jala, Desh, and Kaal, can lead to ecological imbalance and the rise of pathogenic entities like Bhuta, causing epidemics.
8) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation in Ayurveda refers to the state of being corrupted or imbalanced. The vitiation of natural elements like Vayu, Jala, Desh, and Kaal causes ecological disturbances, leading to the emergence of pathogens and pandemics.
9) Vayu:
Vayu, meaning air, is one of the critical natural elements in Ayurveda. The vitiation of Vayu due to factors like unwholesome activities can lead to the spread of airborne diseases and the emergence of pathogenic entities like Bhuta.
10) Human body:
The human body serves as the host for Bhutas or pathogenic entities. Ayurveda studies the conditions under which these entities invade and affect the body, leading to various diseases and health disorders.
11) Samhita:
'Samhita' are classical Ayurvedic texts like Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. They discuss the concepts of Bhuta, Janapadoddhwamsa, and disease pathogenesis, providing ancient insights into the causes and treatments of widespread diseases.
12) Jala:
Jala, or water, is considered a critical natural element in Ayurveda. Its vitiation can lead to waterborne diseases and the emergence of pathogens like Bhuta, contributing to widespread epidemics and health crises.
13) Dravya:
'Dravya' refers to substances, which can include medicines or elements like air and water. The consumption of vitiated Dravya in Ayurveda can lead to health issues and the spread of diseases.
14) Discussion:
The discussion in the provided text revolves around understanding the concept of Bhuta in Ayurvedic literature and comparing it to modern pathogens like viruses in the context of pandemics such as COVID-19.
15) Aushadha (Ausadha):
'Aushadha' means medicine in Ayurveda. Vitiated Aushadha, along with other factors like air and water, can cause systemic problems in the human body, leading to diseases and health deterioration.
16) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' in Ayurveda refers to actions or deeds. Improper or unwholesome Karma can lead to the vitiation of natural elements, causing ecological imbalances and the emergence of pathogens like Bhuta, leading to diseases.
17) Sadvritta (Sadvrtta, Sat-vritta):
'Sadvritta' represents ethical and healthy lifestyle practices in Ayurveda. Adherence to Sadvritta is essential for preventing the vitiation of Bhava and avoiding pathogenic invasions that cause diseases.
18) Evolution:
The evolution of pathogens is discussed in the context of ecological imbalances. Vitiated natural elements can lead to the creation and evolution of Bhuta, or microorganisms, resulting in widespread health crises.
19) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine. It includes concepts like Bhuta, Janapadoddhwamsa, and Sadvritta, offering insights on managing and preventing diseases through natural and ethical practices.
20) Epidemic:
An epidemic, or Janapadoddhwamsa in Ayurveda, refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease. It is linked to the vitiation of natural elements and the invasion of pathogenic entities like Bhuta, similar to modern viruses.
21) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene practices are crucial in Ayurveda to prevent the vitiation of natural elements and pathogenic invasions. Lack of hygiene can lead to the emergence of diseases caused by entities like Bhuta.
22) Krimi (Krmi):
'Krimi' refers to harmful microorganisms or parasites in Ayurveda. The concept overlaps with pathogenic entities like Bhuta, which can cause diseases and are discussed in the context of epidemics and pandemics.
23) Kirti (Kirtti):
[see source text or glossary: Kirti]
24) Mental health:
Mental health in Ayurveda is related to the balance of Doshas and the avoidance of Pragyaparadha. Disturbances can lead to unwholesome activities, vitiating natural elements and increasing susceptibility to diseases.
25) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
'Sushruta-samhita' is a foundational Ayurvedic text. It includes discussions on Bhuta, Janapadoddhwamsa, and the pathogenesis of diseases, providing historical insights into managing health crises.
26) Atharvaveda (Atharva-Veda):
'Atharvaveda' is one of the Vedic texts referenced for understanding ancient concepts related to health and disease. It includes descriptions of Bhuta and other entities affecting human health.
27) Pratishedha (Pratisedha):
[see source text or glossary: Pratishedha]
28) Abhisanga (Abhishanga, Abhisamga, Abhishamga):
[see source text or glossary: Abhishanga]
29) Krimighna (Krmighna, Krimi-ghna):
'Krimighna' refers to substances or practices in Ayurveda aimed at eliminating harmful microorganisms or parasites. These measures are crucial in preventing diseases caused by pathogenic entities like Bhuta.
30) Siddhanta (Siddha-anta, Siddhamta):
[see source text or glossary: Siddhanta]
31) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda involves understanding the causes and prevention of diseases. Textual analysis of Samhitas and Vedas provides insights into managing health crises through ethical and natural practices.
32) Janapada (Jana-pada):
Janapada refers to a community or population. 'Janapadoddhwamsa' signifies the destruction of this population due to widespread diseases caused by the vitiation of natural elements and pathogenic invasions.
33) Rakshasa (Raksasa):
'Rakshasa' in Ayurvedic texts can denote harmful entities similar to Bhuta. They are considered pathogenic and can cause diseases, contributing to the mass destruction in Janapadoddhwamsa.
34) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
'Ashtanga' refers to the eight branches of Ayurvedic medicine, as outlined in texts like 'Ashtanga Hridayam.' It includes principles for managing health and disease prevention.
35) Medicine:
Medicine, or Aushadha in Ayurveda, plays a role in treating diseases. Proper use of Aushadha, along with ethical practices like Sadvritta, helps in managing health and preventing diseases caused by Bhuta.
36) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
'Sukshma' means subtle or minute and is often used to describe pathogens like viruses. Bhuta as Sukshma Bhuta indicates their miniscule yet impactful presence, causing diseases in the human body.
37) Samkhya (Sankhya, Shankhya):
[see source text or glossary: Sankhya]
38) Vikara:
'Vikara' refers to disease or disorder caused by the vitiation of natural elements. Pathogens like Bhuta are implicated in causing Vikara, resulting in widespread epidemics.
39) Raksha (Raksa):
Raksha involves protective measures against harmful entities. In Ayurveda, Raksha practices help in safeguarding against pathogenic invasions like those caused by Bhuta and maintaining overall health.
40) Shayya (Sayya):
'Shayya' refers to bedding and resting places. In Ayurveda, the contamination of such items can facilitate the spread of diseases, similar to the transmission dynamics of modern pathogens.
41) Nidana:
'Nidana' refers to the causes of diseases in Ayurveda. It includes the vitiation of natural elements and the intrusion of pathogens like Bhuta, leading to the development and spread of diseases.
42) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
'Vyadhi' means disease in Ayurveda. The onset of Vyadhi is linked to the vitiation of natural elements and the invasion of pathogenic entities like Bhuta, contributing to widespread health crises.
43) Indian:
The Indian context is vital to Ayurveda, the ancient medical science originating from India. The texts and concepts discussed are rooted in Indian culture and understanding of health and disease.
44) Gold (Golden):
The 'golden' concept refers to the preventive measures in Ayurveda. Practices like Sadvrittapalan and Rasayansevan form the basis of preventing diseases rather than relying solely on cures.
45) Acara:
'Achara' represents ethical conduct in Ayurveda. Proper adherence to Achara helps maintain health and prevent diseases by avoiding the vitiation of natural elements and pathogenic invasions.
46) Rajas:
'Rajas' is one of the three Gunas in Ayurveda. Imbalance in Rajas, often due to Pragyaparadha, can lead to unwholesome activities, vitiation of natural elements, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
47) Dosha (Dosa):
'Dosha' refers to the three fundamental bio-energies in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Imbalance of Doshas due to Pragyaparadha leads to diseases, including those caused by pathogenic entities like Bhuta.
48) Pitta:
'Pitta' is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, representing the energy responsible for transformation and metabolism. Imbalances in Pitta contribute to diseases and can be linked to pathogenic invasions.
49) Kapha:
'Kapha' is one of the three Doshas, representing stability and structure in the body. Its imbalance can lead to health issues and increased susceptibility to diseases caused by Bhuta.
50) Tamas:
'Tamas' is one of the three Gunas in Ayurveda. The imbalance of Tamas leads to inactivity and ignorance, contributing to unwholesome activities, vitiation of natural elements, and susceptibility to diseases.
51) Padma:
[see source text or glossary: Padma]
52) Gupti:
'Gupti' involves protective measures or isolation practices in Ayurveda to prevent the spread of diseases. It underscores the importance of containment strategies during health crises.
53) Patna:
Patna is the location of the Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital where the authors of the discussed article are based. It highlights the Indian origin and context of the study.
54) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda and the context for the discussed concepts and practices. The study reflects Indian perspectives on health, disease, and the management of epidemics.
55) Bihar:
Bihar is the Indian state where Patna is located. It is home to the Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, contributing to the research and discourse on Ayurvedic concepts and health practices.
56) Ayus (Ayush):
'AYUSH' stands for Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. It represents the traditional systems of medicine in India aimed at promoting holistic health and well-being.
57) Death:
Death is the ultimate consequence of severe diseases or pandemics as described in the context of Janapadoddhwamsa. Pathogenic entities like Bhuta can lead to life-threatening conditions.
58) Birth:
In Ayurveda, the actions of previous births or Purvajanma are considered to have a bearing on one's health. The concept underscores the cyclical nature of Karma and its impact on disease and life.
59) Fight:
The 'fight' against diseases in Ayurveda involves prevention and management practices like Sadvrittapalan and Raksha measures, aiming to protect against pathogenic invasions like those caused by Bhuta.
60) Veda:
'Veda' refers to the ancient scriptures of Hinduism, including Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. These texts are primary sources for understanding health, disease, and pathogenesis in Ayurveda.
61) Rati:
[see source text or glossary: Rati]
62) Yoni (Yonin):
'Yoni' in Ayurveda refers to the different categories of beings, including pathogenic groups like Bhuta. Acharya Sushruta mentions entities that are not human but can invade and affect human health.
63) Raja:
[see source text or glossary: Raja]
64) Tama:
[see source text or glossary: Tama]
65) Koti (Kôti):
[see source text or glossary: Koti]
66) Vata:
'Vata' is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, associated with movement and physiological functions. Imbalances in Vata can lead to health issues and increased susceptibility to diseases.
67) Deva:
'Deva' in the context of Ayurveda may refer to divine or supernatural entities that can influence health. Though not entirely pathogenic, they play a role in the holistic understanding of disease causes.
68) Diet:
Diet is a significant factor in maintaining health in Ayurveda. Proper diet practices are part of Sadvrittapalan, which helps prevent the vitiation of natural elements and health issues.
69) Soil:
Soil, like air and water, can be a medium for disease transmission. Ayurveda discusses the vitiation of soil (Desh) leading to health problems, similar to how contaminated soil can spread pathogens.