Understanding of niruhabasti: compilation from sushruta samhita
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Understanding of niruhabasti: compilation from sushruta samhita
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Priyanka M. Thakare
PG Scholar, PG Department of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Nanded, India.
S.V.Suryavanshi
Professor and HOD, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Nanded, India.
P.V.Kulkarni
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Nanded, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Understanding of niruhabasti: compilation from sushruta samhita
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i4.604
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Basti, a significant therapeutic intervention within Ayurveda and Panchakarma treatments, is particularly effective in addressing disorders related to Vata. Cited as the best among various treatments, Basti serves as both a preventative and curative therapy, promoting physical wellbeing, immunity, and longevity. Bharadharaya, the foundational texts of Ayurveda, emphasizes the multiple functions of Basti, including its roles in detoxification and body strengthening. Specifically, Niruha Basti—a type of enema—holds a prominent place in treatment strategies as per the teachings of Acharya Sushruta, who elaborates extensively on its methodology, indications, contraindications, and detailed application.
Understanding Niruha Basti
Niruha Basti, synonymous with Asthapana, is described as a therapeutic method aimed at eliminating doshas (faults) and promoting bodily growth. This form of Basti utilizes a combination of specific herbs and substances aimed at cleansing the body. Preparation requires careful adherence to sequences outlined by Sushruta, ensuring that the right proportions and methods are employed for various ailments. Indications for Niruha Basti include a variety of conditions such as fever, digestive disorders, and certain types of pain. However, it is crucial to identify contraindications, such as patient states involving severe disturbances in consciousness, weakness, or digestive issues, to avoid adverse effects.
Methodology of Administration
The application of Niruha Basti necessitates a precise methodology, starting with preparatory measures like Snehana (unctuousness) and Swedana (sudation) before the actual enema. Patients must be evaluated properly, as the therapeutic success depends significantly on factors including the patient's condition and the appropriate herbal combinations. During administration, the patient should assume a specific posture, allowing for effective entry and retention of the administered solution. Post-administration, dietary considerations are tailored according to the dominant dosha, facilitating optimal recovery and rebalancing within the body.
Conclusion
Through a thorough study of Niruha Basti as outlined by Sushruta, it is evident that this therapeutic procedure is integral to Ayurvedic practice, possessing unique characteristics that differentiate it from other Basti types. The distinctions made concerning its method, indications, and contraindications underline the necessity for practitioners to tailor treatment specifically to the patient's needs. Further research into Niruha practices across various Ayurvedic schools could allude to a more comprehensive understanding and application in contemporary healthcare, thereby enhancing its benefits in therapeutic contexts.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Niruha Basti in Ayurveda?
Niruha Basti is a type of Basti therapy in Ayurveda. It is used for eliminating Doshas from the body and is vital in treating Vata-related disorders. It promotes health by cleansing and rejuvenating the body.
What are the indications of Niruha Basti?
Niruha Basti is indicated for various conditions such as Jwar, Atisar, Shiroroga, and many others. It is essential for disorders related to Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas, ensuring a holistic approach to treatment.
What are the contraindications of Niruha Basti?
Niruha Basti should not be administered in conditions like Unmada, Bhaya, and Arochaka. Other contraindications include severe weakness, fever, and conditions where purgation is not advisable, ensuring the safety of the patient.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Understanding of niruhabasti: compilation from sushruta samhita”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Basti:
Basti is a special treatment in Ayurveda, particularly effective in treating Vata-related disorders. It holds preventive and curative significance, promoting physical development, complexion, strength, immunity, and longevity.
2) Niruha:
Niruha, also known as Asthapana, is a type of Basti therapy aimed at eliminating doshas and promoting the growth and health of the body.
3) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
[see source text or glossary: Niruhabasti]
4) Dravya:
Dravya refers to the substances or ingredients used in the preparation of Basti, which include Saindhava salt, Madhu (honey), Sneha (oils or ghee), and medicinal pastes (Kalkas).
5) Dosha (Dosa):
[see source text or glossary: Dosa]
6) Madhu:
Madhu refers to honey, which is a crucial ingredient mixed with Saindhava salt in the initial churning stage of Basti preparation.
7) Gana:
[see source text or glossary: Gana]
8) Yoga:
Yoga in this context refers to specific formulations or mixes of medicinal substances used in the preparation of Niruha Basti for treating various conditions.
9) Samhita:
Samhita denotes ancient classical texts of Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita is one such text that elaborates on Niruha Basti.
10) Avastha:
Avastha refers to the condition or state of a disease, which dictates the type of Yogas to be used for Niruha Basti in treatment.
11) Dugdha:
Dugdha means milk, which is often included in Basti preparations to balance Pitta dosha and is used according to the patient's condition.
12) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi denotes diseases. Specific Niruha Basti formulations are prepared to address different Vyadhi as stated by Acharya Sushruta.
13) Kalka:
Kalka is the herbal paste used in Basti preparations, mixed with other Dravyas and specific to the required therapeutic effect.
14) Food:
[see source text or glossary: Food]
15) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is a principal Ayurveda text that provides detailed descriptions of Niruha Basti, its indications, contraindications, and preparation methods.
16) Atiyoga:
Atiyoga refers to the excessive application of Niruha Basti, leading to complications like excessive elimination, prolapse of anus, tremors, and loss of consciousness.
17) Karma (Karman):
Karma in the context of Ayurveda refers to therapeutic actions. Basti Karma involves procedures before (Purvakarma), during (Pradhankarma), and after (Paschatkarma) the administration of Basti.
18) Nyagrodhadi (Nyagrodha-adi):
Nyagrodhadi refers to a group of medicinal substances or herbs used in formulations for Niruha Basti to treat conditions like Pittaja Jwara.
19) Anuvasana:
Anuvasana (or Sneha Basti) is an oil-based enema, given typically before administering Niruha Basti to lubricate the colon and prepare the body.
20) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana denotes signs or symptoms. In Ayurveda, understanding both Samyaka (proper application) and symptoms of Ayoga (deficient) or Atiyoga (excessive) is crucial in therapy.
21) Adhmana:
Adhmana refers to abdominal bloating or distension, a symptom of improper Basti administration that needs to be corrected with appropriate therapy.
22) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya means decoction, often used in Niruha Basti preparations to carry medicinal properties to the body, according to the patient's dosha and disease state.
23) Ruksha (Ruksa):
[see source text or glossary: Ruksha]
24) Vidhi:
Vidhi signifies the procedure or method. Sushruta Samhita lays down the detailed vidhi for the preparation and administration of Niruha Basti.
25) Sneha:
Sneha refers to fats, including oils and ghee, used in Anuvasana (oil-based) Basti preparations to lubricate, nourish, and pacify the doshas, primarily Vata.
26) Bastikarman (Bastikarma, Basti-karman, Basti-karma):
[see source text or glossary: Basti-karma]
27) Pakvashaya (Pakvasaya, Pakva-ashaya):
Pakvashaya is the lower colon where the Basti (enema) is administered. It plays a key role in spreading the active ingredients throughout the body.
28) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava refers to rock salt used in Basti preparations due to its therapeutic properties, particularly in softening and balancing doshas.
29) Pravahika:
Pravahika, known as dysentery, is one of the conditions indicated for treatment with Niruha Basti using tailored medicinal formulations.
30) Madhura:
Madhura indicates the sweet taste, considered in Ayurveda for balancing Vata and Pitta doshas, often achieved using substances like honey and milk.
31) Prasrita (Prasrta, Prashrita):
[see source text or glossary: Prasrta]
32) Siddha:
[see source text or glossary: Siddha]
33) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas representing the fire principle in the body, responsible for metabolism. Basti can help manage Pitta disorders like inflammation.
34) Kapha:
Kapha is the dosha associated with earth and water elements, governing structure and stability. Balanced Kapha is essential for health, affected by Basti therapy.
35) Ayoga (Ayas-ga):
Ayoga denotes deficient application of Niruha Basti, leading to insufficient elimination and symptoms such as anorexia, dullness, and difficulty in urination.
36) Bala:
Bala refers to strength or immunity. Properly administered Basti helps in enhancing Bala by providing nourishment and stability to the body.
37) Vata:
Vata is the dosha governing movement and communication within the body. Niruha Basti is particularly effective in balancing Vata-related conditions and disorders.
38) Madhuradravya (Madhura-dravya):
[see source text or glossary: Madhura-dravya]
39) Pippalyadi (Pippali-adi):
Pippalyadi refers to a group of herbal formulations used in specific therapeutic contexts within Niruha Basti to address various diseases and symptoms.
40) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
Purvakarma denotes the preliminary procedures in Basti therapy, including Snehana (oiling) and Svedana (sudation) to prepare the body for enema.
41) Asthapana:
Asthapana is another term for Niruha Basti, emphasizing its role in establishing equilibrium and sustaining youth and life.
42) Kakolyadi (Kakoli-adi):
Kakolyadi refers to a group of herbs used in specific conditions in Niruha Basti formulations to address disorders like Pittakriccha (pain during urination).
43) Mamsarasa (Mamsa-rasa):
Mamsarasa denotes meat soup, recommended post-Basti for those with Vata dosha to help restore strength and balance.
44) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine focused on balancing the body’s doshas using natural therapies, where Basti is an important purification method.
45) Utpaladi (Utpala-adi):
Utpaladi is a group of cooling herbs used in Ayurvedic treatments, including Niruha Basti formulations for Pittaja Jwara (fevers of Pitta origin).
46) Sharkara (Sarkara):
Sharkara refers to sugar, often used in Ayurvedic formulations like Basti to provide a soothing and balancing effect, especially for Pitta dosha.
47) Angasada (Anga-sada):
Angasada means body fatigue or weakness, a potential complication from improper Basti application, treatable with corrective formulations like Mrudu Basti.
48) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
[see source text or glossary: Aushadhi]
49) Trishna (Trsna):
Trishna refers to excessive thirst, a symptom of Atiyoga or excessive Basti therapy, indicating the need for pacifying and hydrating treatments.
50) Snehana:
Snehana involves the application of oils to the body, a preparatory step in Basti therapy to lubricate and soften tissues, facilitating better toxin removal.
51) Vepathu:
Vepathu indicates trembling, a sign of excessive Basti therapy (Atiyoga) that needs to be managed with soothing, restorative treatments.
52) Madhuka:
Madhuka, likely referring to licorice, is among the herbs used in Ayurvedic formulations, including Basti, for its therapeutic properties.
53) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita means clarified butter or ghee, used in Ayurvedic therapies like Basti for its nourishing and lubricating qualities.
54) Karsha (Karsa):
[see source text or glossary: Karsha]
55) Hridya (Hrdya):
[see source text or glossary: Hridya]
56) Kushtha (Kustha):
[see source text or glossary: Kustha]
57) Rakta:
Rakta signifies blood. Ayurvedic treatments, including Basti therapies, often aim to balance Rakta to prevent and treat blood-related disorders.
58) Matra:
[see source text or glossary: Matra]
59) Hikka:
Hikka means hiccups, a possible adverse reaction (Atiyoga) to excessive Basti therapy, requiring immediate corrective measures.
60) Vrana:
Vrana means wounds or ulcers. Specific Basti formulations are used to aid in the healing of such conditions, as per Sushruta’s teachings.
61) Vaya:
[see source text or glossary: Vaya]
62) Hetu:
Hetu denotes the causative factors leading to disease or complications. Understanding Hetu is crucial for both diagnosing and treating Basti-related issues.
63) Kati:
Kati refers to the waist or lumbar region. Proper Basti therapy helps alleviate doshas accumulated in areas like Kati, providing relief from associated symptoms.
64) Vayu:
Vayu indicates air and is one of the five elements governing Vata dosha. Basti therapy helps manage Vayu imbalance, restoring physiological harmony.
65) Mada:
Mada means intoxication or delusion, symptoms that can arise from improper Basti administration (Vyapada), needing immediate corrective action.
66) Daha:
Daha signifies burning sensation, a symptom indicating a possible excess (Atiyoga) or an adverse reaction to Basti therapy needing corrective treatment.
67) Diet:
[see source text or glossary: Diet]
68) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
69) Anuvasanabasti (Anuvasana-basti):
[see source text or glossary: Anuvasana-basti]
70) Vidarigandhadi (Vidarigandha-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Vidarigandhadi]
71) Paschat-karma:
Paschat-karma refers to the post-therapy care after Basti, including diet modifications tailored to the person's dosha and the required Sneha Basti.
72) Vayasthapana (Vaya-sthapana):
Vayasthapana means establishing or preserving youth. Asthapana Basti is applied for its Vayasthapana properties.
73) Sarvangavata:
Sarvangavata signifies Vata disorder affecting the whole body, a condition treatable by specific Niruha Basti formulations.
74) Ksharataila (Ksarataila, Kshara-taila):
[see source text or glossary: Kshara-taila]
75) Parikartika:
Parikartika means anal fissures or severe pain around the rectum, a potential complication from improper Basti that requires specific treatment like Picchabasti.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 191]