"Prathama Patalagata Timira: A Review of Modern Correlations"

| Posted in: Scientific

Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Concept of prathama patalagata timira in correlation with modern counterpart: a review
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Author(s):

Shushmita Motadoo
MS Scholar, PG Department of Shalakya Tantra, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar
Vandana Vidyarthi
Professor, PG Department of Shalakya Tantra, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar
Preeti Pahwa
Assistant Professor, PG Department of Shalakya Tantra, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar
Saurabh Sharma
Assistant Professor, PG Department of Shalya Tantra, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar
Rajesh Mishra
Assistant Professor, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar


Ayushdhara:

(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Concept of prathama patalagata timira in correlation with modern counterpart: a review

Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i3.569

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article centers around the Ayurvedic concept of Prathama Patalagata Timira, a condition associated with visual disturbances, and establishes its correlation with modern medical understanding, specifically myopia. The eye, being a crucial organ for vision, is emphasized in Ayurveda, which regards the maintenance of eyesight as essential for quality living. The text discusses the relevancy of Ayurvedic principles in understanding ocular diseases, particularly focusing on the classification, symptoms, and potential treatments associated with eye conditions.

The Patalagata Concept of Timira

Timira, according to Ayurvedic texts, relates to vision disorders and is categorized into various types based on the layers of the eye, or Patala. Acarya Susruta describes Timira as affecting four Patala, leading to varying levels of visual impairment, with Prathama Patalagata Timira being the initial and most superficial layer. At this stage, symptoms like blurred vision (Avyakta Darsana) emerge due to vitiated doshas affecting the first Patala, which is linked to the nutritional and functional components necessary for proper eye function. This condition resonates with myopia, a common refractive error where parallel light rays focus in front of the retina, causing difficulties in distance vision.

Correlation with Myopia

Myopia, characterized by short-sightedness, is analyzed in parallel with the Ayurvedic understanding of Timira. This refractive condition is notable for its increasing prevalence globally, affecting a significant portion of the population. Factors contributing to myopia include genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and visual strain, all of which bear semblance to the nidanas (causative factors) identified in Ayurvedic literature. The article suggests that the symptoms of Prathama Patalagata Timira correlate closely with those of simple myopia, reinforcing the validity of traditional Ayurvedic diagnoses within contemporary medical frameworks.

Conclusion

The findings in the article advocate for the integration of Ayurvedic principles with modern ocular science, particularly regarding the understanding and treatment of myopia. It highlights the importance of exploring the anatomical structures and physiological functions of the eye as presented in ancient texts, aligning them with present-day medical knowledge. The potential for Ayurvedic interventions, such as Kriyakalpa therapies and lifestyle modifications, offers promising avenues for addressing visual impairments like Prathama Patalagata Timira and their modern counterpart, myopia. Thus, continuing research on these correlations is vital for enhancing holistic eye care practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Prathama Patalagata Timira in relation to vision?

Prathama Patalagata Timira is a condition described in Ayurveda correlated with myopia, characterized by blurred vision due to vitiation of doshas in the first layer (patala) of the eye.

How does Ayurveda categorize Timira and its symptoms?

Timira is classified into six types, with the primary symptom being blurred or indistinct vision. This correlates with simple myopia, often described in Ayurvedic texts.

What modern condition corresponds to Prathama Patalagata Timira?

Prathama Patalagata Timira corresponds to simple myopia, a common refractive error leading to poor distant vision due to the eye's optical characteristics.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “"Prathama Patalagata Timira: A Review of Modern Correlations"”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Patala:
Patala is a term used in Ayurveda to describe layers covering or membranes of the eyes. There are considered to be four Aksi Patala in the eyeball, which can correspond to different anatomical parts of the eye, such as the cornea and retina, as explained in the study of Timira.

2) Timira:
Timira in Ayurvedic terminology refers to a disease affecting vision. It is considered a type of refractive error, specifically myopia, where symptoms like blurred vision (Avyakta Darsana) are noted. Timira is described in connection with the pathological involvement of the successive Patalas of the eye.

3) Prathama:
Prathama in the context of Timira refers to the initial stage of the disease where the first Patala is affected. During this stage, symptoms like Avyakta Darsana, or blurring of vision, appear. Prathama Patalagata Timira specifically correlates with simple myopia.

4) Disease:
The term 'Disease' in this context refers to ocular conditions categorized in Ayurveda, such as Timira. These diseases involve imbalances of Dosha affecting specific parts (Patala) of the eye, causing symptoms like impaired vision. Timira represents a refractive error similar to myopia in modern medicine.

5) Acarya:
Acarya is a term used in Ayurveda referring to ancient scholars or teachers. In this text, Acarya Susruta and Acarya Vagbhata are cited for their contributions to the understanding of eye diseases, including Timira and its classification among Dristigata rogas.

6) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three bodily humors or energies in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The balance of Doshas affects overall health. Imbalances, or vitiation, of Doshas in the eye can lead to diseases like Timira, affecting vision similarly to conditions like myopia.

7) Roga:
Roga in Ayurveda means disease. Timira is classified as a Dristigata roga, meaning a disease within the eye. These rogas are caused by the imbalances of Dosha affecting the eye's anatomical structures, leading to symptoms like blurring of vision.

8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine in India focusing on holistic health and well-being. It provides detailed descriptions and treatments for various diseases, including ocular conditions such as Timira, which is a refractive error affecting vision similar to myopia.

9) Avyakta:
[see source text or glossary: Avyakta]

10) Darshana (Darsana):
[see source text or glossary: Darsana]

11) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]

12) Rakta:
[see source text or glossary: Rakta]

13) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to one of the fundamental bodily tissues (Dhatu) in Ayurveda, responsible for nourishing and hydrating tissues, including the eyes. In the context of Timira, Rasa provides nutrition to transparent structures, while Rakta nourishes vascular structures of the eye.

14) Avyaktadarshana (Avyaktadarsana, Avyakta-darshana):
[see source text or glossary: Avyakta-darsana]

15) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
Salakya Tantra is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda that deals with diseases above the clavicle, including eyes, nose, head, and ears. It emphasizes the importance of protecting vision and provides treatments for ocular conditions like Timira.

16) Patanjali:
[see source text or glossary: Patanjali]

17) Linganasha (Linganasa, Linga-nasha):
[see source text or glossary: Linganasa]

18) Mishra (Misra):
[see source text or glossary: Mishra]

19) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three primary Doshas in Ayurveda. It is responsible for metabolic processes and perception. In the eye, Pitta, particularly in the form of Alocaka Pitta, helps with the perception of light and visual objects, and its imbalance can lead to conditions like Timira.

20) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the basic bodily tissues in Ayurveda. In the context of Timira, specific Dhatus like Rasa and Rakta are crucial for maintaining eye health by providing necessary nutrition. Imbalance or depletion in these Dhatus can contribute to visual disturbances.

21) Jala:
[see source text or glossary: Jala]

22) Diet:
Diet is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of Timira (and myopia) in Ayurveda. Poor dietary habits, such as excessive consumption of sour foods (Amla) and certain legumes like Kulattha (Dolichos uniflorus) and Masa (Vigna mungo), can aggravate Doshas, leading to visual disturbances.

23) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
[see source text or glossary: Dravyaguna]

24) Perception:
[see source text or glossary: Perception]

25) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is an ancient Ayurvedic scholar who is credited with significant contributions to Ayurvedic literature. He listed Timira among 27 Dristigata rogas, providing valuable insights into the disease's pathology, progression, and management.

26) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]

27) Vihara:
[see source text or glossary: Vihara]

28) Nidana:
[see source text or glossary: Nidana]

29) Family:
[see source text or glossary: Family]

30) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]

31) Tejas:
[see source text or glossary: Tejas]

32) Ahara:
Ahara means diet or food in Ayurveda. Poor dietary habits (Mithyahara) can aggravate Doshas, leading to conditions like Timira. Consumption of sour (Amla) foods and certain legumes like Kulattha and Masa is known to be detrimental to eye health.

33) Netra:
Netra means eye in Sanskrit and is considered the chief organ among all sense organs (Indriyas) in Ayurveda. Protecting the Netra is a key focus of Salakya Tantra, as vision is critical to day-to-day functioning and overall quality of life.

34) India:
[see source text or glossary: India]

35) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda and is responsible for movement and activity. In the context of Timira, Vata, along with Pitta, plays a significant role in controlling and analyzing visual perception. Imbalances in Vata can lead to ocular conditions.

36) Akshi (Aksi):
[see source text or glossary: Aksi]

37) Kaca:
[see source text or glossary: Kaca]

38) Alocakapitta (Alocaka-pitta):
[see source text or glossary: Alocaka-pitta]

39) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya-tantra]

40) Doshasamcaya (Dosasamcaya, Dosasancaya, Dosha-samcaya, Dosha-sancaya, Doshasancaya):
[see source text or glossary: Dosa-samcaya]

41) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
[see source text or glossary: Rakta-dhatu]

42) Indriyartha (Indriya-artha, Imdriyartha):
[see source text or glossary: Indriyartha]

43) Vigna mungo:
[see source text or glossary: Vigna mungo]

44) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa-dhatu]

45) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]

46) Samprapti:
[see source text or glossary: Samprapti]

47) Ashcyotana (Ascyotana):
[see source text or glossary: Ascyotana]

48) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]

49) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]

50) Vitiation (Vitiated):
[see source text or glossary: Vitiation]

51) Vidyarthin (Vidyarthi, Vidya-arthin):
[see source text or glossary: Vidyarthi]

52) Kulattha:
[see source text or glossary: Kulattha]

53) Pradhana:
[see source text or glossary: Pradhana]

54) Pratyaya:
[see source text or glossary: Pratyaya]

55) Caturtha:
[see source text or glossary: Caturtha]

56) Putapaka (Puta-paka):
[see source text or glossary: Putapaka]

57) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]

58) Indriya (Imdriya):
[see source text or glossary: Indriya]

59) Tarpana:
[see source text or glossary: Tarpana]

60) Prakopa:
[see source text or glossary: Prakopa]

61) Prasara:
[see source text or glossary: Prasara]

62) Kaphaja:
[see source text or glossary: Kaphaja]

63) Alocaka:
[see source text or glossary: Alocaka]

64) Raktaja:
[see source text or glossary: Raktaja]

65) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Pittaja]

66) Sancaya (Samcaya):
[see source text or glossary: Samcaya]

67) Hygiene (Hygienic):
[see source text or glossary: Hygiene]

68) Sadhya:
[see source text or glossary: Sadhya]

69) Shalya (Salya):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya]

70) Anjana (Amjana):
[see source text or glossary: Anjana]

71) Ashraya (Asraya):
[see source text or glossary: Asraya]

72) Sharira (Sarira):
[see source text or glossary: Sarira]

73) Vataja (Vata-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Vataja]

74) Vartma (Vatrma):
[see source text or glossary: Vartma]

75) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
[see source text or glossary: Sharma]

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 89]

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