Pre-test/post-test design for virechana and basti in gouty arthritis.
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A pre test and post test design to assess the efficacy of virechana and ardhamatrika basti in gouty arthritis w s r to vatarakta
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The health of individuals is significantly influenced by their diet and lifestyle. In recent times, rapid modernization and the fast food culture have contributed to various health issues, one of which is Vatarakta, a chronic condition corresponding to gouty arthritis. Vatarakta arises from persistent exposure to unfavourable dietary and lifestyle choices, leading to inflammation and pain in the joints. Affecting approximately 14-17% of the population annually, Vatarakta is seen as a distressing metabolic disorder more commonly observed in contemporary society. Ayurvedic treatment for Vatarakta primarily involves Shodhana Chikitsa aimed at eliminating excess serum uric acid and normalizing Vata and Rakta doshas.
Efficacy of Ardhamatrika Basti
The study compares the efficacy of two Ayurvedic treatments for Vatarakta: Ardhamatrika Niruha Basti and Nimbamruthadi Eranda Virechana. In the clinical trial involving 100 participants, treatment effects were assessed via subjective and objective measures such as pain levels and serum uric acid concentrations. Findings indicated that the Ardhamatrika Niruha Basti group exhibited significantly greater improvements in uric acid levels, joint stiffness, and pain severity compared to the Virechana group, suggesting that Basti therapy may be more effective for managing Vatarakta symptoms.
Impact of Serum Uric Acid Levels
The study also focused on the correlation between treatment methods and serum uric acid levels, a critical factor in gout pathology. Results demonstrated a notable reduction in serum uric acid levels in both treatment groups, but the Ardhamatrika Basti group showed a more substantial decrease (43%) compared to the Virechana group (32.83%). This outcome underlines the relevance of selecting appropriate Ayurvedic therapies to effectively address the underlying metabolic disturbances in gouty arthritis, reinforcing the importance of holistic approaches in treatment.
Conclusion
As lifestyle-related disorders become increasingly prevalent, focusing on preventive measures and effective treatments is paramount. The study emphasizes the significance of proper dietary habits alongside Ayurveda's Shodhana procedures to manage and potentially alleviate conditions like Vatarakta. While both therapeutic approaches showed beneficial results, the Ardhamatrika Niruha Basti emerged as a more potent treatment option, emphasizing that tailored Ayurvedic interventions can play a crucial role in managing chronic conditions like gout. Long-term treatment and lifestyle modifications remain essential to prevent recurrence and improve overall health outcomes.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Prashanth A S
Principal and Professor, P.G. Department of Kayachikitsa, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya and Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A pre test and post test design to assess the efficacy of virechana and ardhamatrika basti in gouty arthritis w s r to vatarakta
Year: 2019
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Vatarakta and how is it related to gout?
Vatarakta, or gouty arthritis, is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels. It leads to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling.
What treatment methods were used in the study?
The study used two Ayurvedic treatments: Ardhamatrika Niruha Basti and Nimbamruthadi Eranda Virechana. Both treatments aimed to reduce serum uric acid levels and alleviate symptoms associated with Vatarakta.
What were the results of the treatments for patients?
Both treatments showed significant improvement in patients with Vatarakta. However, Ardhamatrika Niruha Basti proved more effective than Virechana in reducing symptoms and serum uric acid levels.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pre-test/post-test design for virechana and basti in gouty arthritis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta is a condition mentioned in Ayurveda, often compared to gouty arthritis in modern medicine. It involves the vitiation of Vata and Rakta doshas, leading to pain, swelling, and inflammation of the joints.
2) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. It is responsible for all movements in the body and is considered the main factor in the pathology of Vatarakta, where it's vitiation causes significant symptoms.
3) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
4) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
In Ayurveda, Sandhi refers to the joints. Conditions like Sandhi Shoola (joint pain) and Sandhi Shotha (inflammation) are prominent symptoms in patients suffering from Vatarakta.
5) Pain:
Pain is a predominant symptom of Vatarakta, similar to gouty arthritis, where it can severely affect daily activities and mobility.
6) Rakta:
Raktha is Ayurvedic terminology for blood. Vitiation of Raktha along with Vata leads to the pathology of Vatarakta, contributing to symptoms like pain and inflammation.
7) Disease:
Disease in the context of Vatarakta refers to the pathological condition caused by the vitiation of Vata and Rakta, manifesting as symptoms like joint pain, swelling, and elevated uric acid levels.
8) Basti:
Basti is an Ayurvedic therapeutic procedure involving enemas. It is considered highly effective in the management of Vatarakta, especially for reducing symptoms and serum uric acid levels.
9) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional Indian system of medicine that employs natural and holistic approaches for treating diseases like Vatarakta through therapies like Basti and Virechana.
10) Varanasi (Varanashi):
[see source text or glossary: Varanasi]
11) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) in Ayurveda. The balance or imbalance of doshas determines health or disease, as seen in Vatarakta where Vata and Rakta doshas are vitiated.
12) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana is the purificatory treatment in Ayurveda aimed at detoxifying the body. In Vatarakta, Shodhana procedures like Vasti and Virechana are essential for removing accumulated toxins and balancing doshas.
13) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to swelling or inflammation, a primary symptom in Vatarakta, where the joints become swollen and painful due to the vitiation of Vata and Rakta.
14) Graha:
Graha indicates stiffness in Ayurveda. Sandhi Graha (joint stiffness) is one of the symptoms of Vatarakta, resulting from the vitiation of Vata dosha [see source text or glossary: Graha].
15) Stiffness:
Stiffness is a symptom of Vatarakta, specifically referred to as Sandhi Graha (joint stiffness) in Ayurveda, indicating the reduced mobility of the joints due to Vata vitiation.
16) Sparsha (Sparsa):
[see source text or glossary: Sparsha]
17) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to a type of medicinal decoction used in Ayurvedic treatments. In the management of Vatarakta, Dasamoola Kashaya is employed for its Vatahara and anti-inflammatory properties.
18) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is used in Ayurvedic Basti therapy for its Tridosha balancing properties. It aids in reducing inflammation and facilitates the delivery of medicinal properties through the body's microchannels.
19) Sparshasahatva (Sparsasahatva, Sparshasaha-tva):
Sparshasahatva is the joint tenderness felt in Vatarakta. It indicates inflammation and pain in the joints, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life.
20) Asahatva (Asaha-tva):
[see source text or glossary: Asahatva]
21) Swelling:
Swelling, or Shotha, is a common symptom in Vatarakta, caused by the accumulation of vitiated Vata and Rakta in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
22) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]
23) Vaidya:
[see source text or glossary: Vaidya]
24) Karma (Karman):
Karma in Ayurveda refers to the actions or procedures employed in treatment. In Vatarakta, Basti Karma and Virechana Karma are significant therapeutic actions for managing the disease.
25) Sneha:
Sneha denotes unctuous substances used in Ayurvedic treatments. Sneha therapies, like those involving medicinal oils, are crucial in managing Vatarakta for their Vata-pacifying effects.
26) Kalka:
Kalka refers to a paste form of medicinal herbs used in Ayurvedic treatments. In the study, Shatahva was used as Kalkadravya due to its properties beneficial for Vata and Kapha management.
27) Diet:
Diet plays a critical role in Vatarakta. Foods causing Rakta Dusti (impure blood) like Katu (pungent), Amla (sour), and Lavana (salty) contribute to the disease's pathogenesis and need to be regulated.
28) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
[see source text or glossary: Saindhava]
29) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
[see source text or glossary: Sukshma]
30) Blood:
[see source text or glossary: Blood]
31) Rasa (Rasha):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa]
32) Inflammation:
Inflammation, or Shotha, is a major clinical feature of Vatarakta, resulting from the interaction between vitiated Vata and Rakta doshas, leading to swollen and painful joints.
33) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vatadosha plays a causative role in Vatarakta. Its vitiation leads to symptoms like joint pain, stiffness, inflammation, and tenderness.
34) Anulomana:
Anulomana refers to the downward movement and regulation of bodily functions. In Vatarakta treatments, Vata Anulomana drugs help in reducing symptoms by pacifying the vitiated Vata dosha [see source text or glossary: Anulomana].
35) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga is an Ayurvedic therapy involving the application of oil to the body. It helps in reducing Vata-related issues like pain and stiffness and is beneficial in Vatarakta management.
36) Agnivesha (Agnivesa, Agni-vesha):
Agnivesa is attributed as the author of the Charaka Samhita, a foundational text of Ayurveda that details treatments and theories, including those relevant to conditions like Vatarakta.
37) Eranda (Eramda):
Eranda, or castor oil, is used in Ayurveda for its purgative properties. It is a key component in Virechana therapy for treating Vatarakta, helping to cleanse and balance the doshas.
38) Srotas (Shrotas):
[see source text or glossary: Srotas]
39) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or oil, is frequently used in Ayurvedic treatments. Balaguduchyadi Taila is particularly mentioned for its effectiveness in Vatarakta for its Vatahara and anti-inflammatory properties.
40) Mala:
[see source text or glossary: Mala]
41) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda focused on rejuvenation and longevity. Rasayana therapies are often employed in chronic conditions like Vatarakta for their systemic benefits [see source text or glossary: Rasayana].
42) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vata-hara treatments or substances specifically target and pacify the Vata dosha. These are essential in the management of Vatarakta, where Vata plays a significant role in symptom manifestation.
43) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]
44) Dravya:
[see source text or glossary: Dravya]
45) Lavana:
Lavana refers to substances with salty taste, which can cause Rakta Dusti and Vata Vikruti when consumed excessively. Regulation of such substances can play a role in managing Vatarakta.
46) Pitta:
[see source text or glossary: Pitta]
47) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna refers to heat. Therapeutic agents with Ushna properties are used to pacify Vata and Kapha doshas, which are cold by nature. These agents are helpful in the treatment of Vatarakta.
48) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the body's fundamental tissues. In Vatarakta, several dhatus like Rakta (blood) and Asthi (bones) are affected by the vitiated Vata and Rakta doshas.
49) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda and the study mentioned is conducted at Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya and Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka, a prominent center for Ayurvedic research.
50) Balya:
Balya refers to strengthening agents. In the context of Vatarakta, therapies that have Balya properties help in strengthening the joints and tissues affected by the disease.
51) Hara:
[see source text or glossary: Hara]
52) Vayu:
Vayu is synonymous with Vata dosha in Ayurveda. Imbalances or obstructed pathways of Vayu contribute significantly to the pathology of Vatarakta.
53) Guna:
Guna refers to the qualities or attributes in Ayurveda. The qualities of the drugs used in the study, such as Snigdha (unctuous) and Sukshma (subtle), are pivotal in the management of Vatarakta.
54) Food:
[see source text or glossary: Food]
55) Ayurvedarasayana:
[see source text or glossary: Ayurveda-rasayana]
56) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga-hridaya]
57) Sarvangasundari (Sarvamgasumdari):
[see source text or glossary: Sarvangasundari]
58) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
Niruha-basti is a type of Basti treatment involving herbal decoctions. It is part of the Shodhana therapy for Vatarakta, known for its effectiveness in reducing symptoms and uric acid levels.
59) Purification:
Purification, or Shodhana, is a key concept in Ayurveda, aiming to detoxify the body. It is crucial in managing chronic conditions like Vatarakta by eliminating toxins and rebalancing doshas.
60) Madhavakara:
[see source text or glossary: Madhavakara]
61) Bastikarman (Bastikarma, Basti-karman, Basti-karma):
Basti-karma refers to the therapeutic enema treatments in Ayurveda, which are particularly effective in treating Vatarakta by removing accumulated doshas and toxins.
62) Vishamagni (Vishama-agni, Visamagni):
Vishamagni refers to an irregular digestive fire in Ayurveda. It is one of the conditions contributing to the pathogenesis of Vatarakta, leading to Ama (toxins) accumulation.
63) Sudarshana (Sudarsana):
[see source text or glossary: Sudarshana]
64) Shothahara (Sothahara, Shotha-hara):
Shothahara refers to anti-inflammatory agents. Such medications or therapies are crucial in managing Vatarakta, which involves significant swelling and inflammation of the joints.
65) Arunadatta:
[see source text or glossary: Arunadatta]
66) Asthapana:
Asthapana refers to one type of Basti, specifically a cleansing enema. It is used to manage Vatarakta by purging the system of accumulated doshas and toxins, providing symptomatic relief.
67) Vaivarṇya (Vaivarnya, Vaivanrya):
Vaivarnya refers to discoloration, which is often observed in the affected joints of Vatarakta patients, indicating underlying pathology related to dosha imbalances.
68) Ratnakara (Ratna-akara, Ratna-kara):
[see source text or glossary: Ratnakara]
69) Madhyama:
[see source text or glossary: Madhyama]
70) Pradhana:
[see source text or glossary: Pradhana]
71) Gambhira:
[see source text or glossary: Gambhira]
72) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni refers to weak digestive fire. It is a contributing factor in Vatarakta as it leads to improper digestion and formation of Ama (toxins), exacerbating the condition.
73) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga]
74) Sanskrit:
[see source text or glossary: Sanskrit]
75) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
[see source text or glossary: Hridaya]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 159]