Studies on pharmacognostics and phytochemicals of Sebastiania chamaelea
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical studies of sebastiania chamaelea (l).muell.arg
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Anjali Asok*
Post Graduate Scholar, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Karnataka
Mahesh C.D
Professor, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Karnataka
Shiva Manjunatha M.P
Botanist, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Karnataka
Seema Pradeep
Professor and HOD, Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Karnataka
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical studies of sebastiania chamaelea (l).muell.arg
Year: 2018
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on Sebastiania chamaelea (L). Muell. arg, a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, widely recognized for its traditional medicinal use in pain management worldwide. Despite its applications, limited scientific research has been conducted on this plant, underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive examination to establish quality control parameters. This research aims to provide thorough insights into the plant’s identification, characterization, and standardization through pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies.
Morphological and Microscopic Examination
The investigation presents detailed observations of the morphological characteristics of Sebastiania chamaelea, including its growth habit, root structure, stem, leaves, and fruits. The plant is described as an erect to sprawling herb or shrub with a yellowish-brown taproot and green to brown stems. Microscopic evaluation of the root, stem, leaf, and fruit reveals specific anatomical features such as the uniseriate epidermis, parenchymatous cortex, and distinctive vascular structures. The study also includes powder microscopy of seeds, showcasing the presence of crucial cellular elements like scleroid cells, calcium oxalate crystals, and starch grains, which contribute to the plant's unique identity.
Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis
Significant physicochemical evaluations of Sebastiania chamaelea reveal parameters like moisture content, ash value, extractive values, and pH, which play vital roles in determining the quality of medicinal plants. The physicochemical attributes indicate potential organic impurities and the plant's acidic nature, essential for nutrient solubility. Phytochemical analyses reveal the presence of various compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are known for their analgesic properties. The quantification of these constituents highlights the plant's potential therapeutic effects, supporting its traditional application in pain relief.
Conclusion
The research on Sebastiania chamaelea (L). Muell. arg has established essential standards for its identification and quality control, underlining the plant's significance in traditional medicine. By providing a thorough understanding of the plant's morphological, microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical aspects, the study strengthens the basis for future research and validation of its medicinal properties. It not only affirms the authenticity of Sebastiania chamaelea but also encourages the exploration of its therapeutic potentials, contributing to the broader field of herbal medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Sebastiania chamaelea and where is it found?
Sebastiania chamaelea, belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It is utilized in folk medicine for pain management and lacks extensive scientific studies.
What methodologies were used in the study of Sebastiania chamaelea?
The study involved macro morphology, microscopy of various plant parts, physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and thin-layer chromatography to establish quality control parameters for the plant.
What were the main findings regarding the phytochemical constituents?
The study identified significant constituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are associated with analgesic properties. The total polyphenol content was 15.84%, contributing to its therapeutic potential.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Studies on pharmacognostics and phytochemicals of Sebastiania chamaelea”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical analysis identifies and quantifies natural chemical compounds called phyto-constituents in plants. The study provided important information on the phytochemical profile of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg, highlighting the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins.
2) Powder:
The powdered form of the plant Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg was used for various analyses, including microscopic and organoleptic evaluations. The powdered material was stored in air-sealed polythene bags at room temperature for these studies.
3) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids were identified in Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg through the phytochemical evaluation. These compounds are known for their potential analgesic properties, contributing to the plant's traditional use in pain management.
4) Medicine:
Medicinal plants like Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg are being increasingly used as alternatives to mainstream medicines due to their natural origin and lower side effects. The plant is traditionally used for the management of pain.
5) Anjali (Amjali):
Anjali Asok is the first author of the study on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg. She is a Post Graduate Scholar at the Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Karnataka, India.
6) Drug:
In the context of this study, 'drug' refers to the plant material from Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg, which was subjected to pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical analyses to ensure its quality and standardization.
7) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a department within the Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research in Karnataka, India, where the study on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg was conducted. The term relates to the study of properties of medicinal substances in Ayurveda.
8) India:
India is the country where the research on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg was undertaken, specifically at the Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research in Karnataka, highlighting the nation's rich tradition in utilizing medicinal plants in healthcare.
9) Indian:
Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg is documented in various Indian flora and medicinal texts. The relevance of this plant in traditional Indian medicine is significant, although it lacks direct references in classical Ayurvedic scriptures.
10) Pain:
Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg is traditionally used in different parts of the world for pain management. The study aimed to standardize the plant material, providing a basis for its reliable use in treating pain.
11) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study highlights the findings from various analyses performed on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg. It confirms the plant's traditional uses and provides standards for its identification and quality control.
12) Karnataka:
The plant material for the study on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg was collected from the campus of Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, located in Karnataka, India.
13) Eranda (Eramda):
Eranda is a term related to the common name 'Bhoomi eranda' for Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg, used among traditional healers. The study seeks to document and standardize the plant known by this name.
14) Family:
Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Knowing the plant family helps in its classification and provides a basis for comparing it with related species.
15) Bitter:
The stem of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg has a bitter taste, as noted in its macroscopic evaluation. This descriptor helps in its organoleptic characterization, aiding in correct identification.
16) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical studies involve the detailed examination of a medicinal plant’s physical and chemical properties. This study on Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg included morphological and microscopic evaluations contributing to its pharmacognostic profile.
17) Namputiri:
D. Sriman Namboothiri, an author cited in the study, has mentioned the plant known as 'Kodi avankku' in his published works, Yogamrutham and Chikitsamanjari, providing historical context and references for Sebastiania chamaelea.
18) Manjunatha:
Dr. Shiva Manjunatha M.P., a botanist, confirmed the taxonomic identity of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg in this study. His expertise contributed to the accurate classification of the plant material used in the research.
19) Perception:
Alkaloids and flavonoids, found in Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg, are known to inhibit pain perception. The study highlights the relevance of these phytochemicals in providing an analgesic effect.
20) Kashaya (Kasaya):
[see source text or glossary: Kashaya]
21) Shriman (Sriman):
Sriman Namboothiri is referenced in the study as a notable author who mentioned the traditional uses of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg in his books, Yogamrutham and Chikitsamanjari, reinforcing the plant's significance.
22) Nature:
The acid nature of the plant material of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg is indicated by its pH value of 3.05, which helps in understanding its chemical characteristics and potential interactions.
23) Animal:
[see source text or glossary: Animal]
24) Bhumi:
Bhumi is another variant of 'Bhoomi', used in the name 'Bhoomi eranda', referring to Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg in traditional medicinal practices. The study corroborates the plant's identity and traditional use.
25) Campu:
[see source text or glossary: Campu]
26) Shiva (Siva):
Dr. Shiva Manjunatha M.P. is the botanist who confirmed the taxonomic identity of the plant Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg in this study, ensuring the accurate classification of the species.
27) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
28) Sugar:
The phytochemical evaluation of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg included the quantification of its total sugar content, which was found to be 7.9%. This analysis is part of understanding the plant’s nutritional and medicinal value.
29) Kodi:
'Kodi avankku' is another name for Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg as referenced by D. Sriman Namboothiri in traditional medicinal literature, providing historical context for its medicinal use.
30) Hair:
The study notes the absence of root hairs in the transverse and vertical sections of the root of Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg, which is a characteristic feature identified during microscopic evaluation.
31) Salt (Salty):
[see source text or glossary: Salt]
32) Soil:
The acidic pH of 3.05 observed in Sebastiania chamaelea (L).Muell.arg might be due to poor soil conditions where the plant was grown. Soil quality can influence the chemical properties of medicinal plants.