The pathogenesis and indigenous management of asrgdara w.s.r to menorrhagia
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: The pathogenesis and indigenous management of asrgdara w.s.r to menorrhagia
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Rashmi Saini
P.G Scholar, PG department of Agada Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Amer Road, Jaipur
Anita Sharma
Associate Professor, PG department of Agada Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Amer Road, Jaipur
Vinod Kumar Ghothecha
Professor, PG department of Agada Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Amer Road, Jaipur
Sharad M. Porte
Lecturer, PG department of Agada Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Amer Road, Jaipur
Deepak kumar
Lecture, Motherhood Ayurved Medical College, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: The pathogenesis and indigenous management of asrgdara w.s.r to menorrhagia
Year: 2016
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Menorrhagia, characterized by heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, has become a prevalent issue among women in recent years. The World Health Organization indicates that around 18 million women aged 30-55 perceive their menstrual bleeding as excessive, with only a fraction experiencing blood loss severe enough to be clinically defined as menorrhagia, which in Ayurveda is referred to as "Asrgdara." Though not explicitly outlined in Ayurvedic texts, Asrgdara encompasses various uterine bleeding causes, and understanding its pathogenesis and management can offer valuable insights for treating women experiencing this condition.
The Ayurvedic Perspective on Asrgdara
In Ayurveda, Asrgdara is understood as excessive vaginal bleeding associated with the menstrual cycle. Its classification is based on the underlying doshic imbalances, with four main types: Vataj, Pittaj, Kaphaj, and Sannipataja. These classifications help in identifying the blood characteristics and symptoms related to the condition. For instance, Vataj Asrgdara is marked by frothy and quickly flowing blood, while Pittaj Asrgdara produces blood with a distinctive color and smell due to the heat generated by Pitta dosha. These classifications are integral for diagnosing Ayurvedic practitioners and developing effective treatment strategies.
Modern Understanding of Menorrhagia
From a modern medical perspective, menorrhagia is identified as excessive blood loss during menstruation, which usually remains cyclical without altering the regular menstrual pattern. The underlying causes can range from hormonal imbalances to structural issues in the uterus, such as fibroids or adenomyosis. Diagnostic processes typically involve blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes surgical evaluations to determine the cause of the abnormal bleeding. Unlike Ayurveda, where emphasis is placed on diet, lifestyle, and innate body constitutions, modern medicine often requires a more invasive approach to identify physical abnormalities as causative factors for menorrhagia.
Conclusion
Menorrhagia presents a significant health issue for women globally, with Ayurveda providing a unique lens through which to understand and manage the condition through herbal remedies and lifestyle modifications. The close correlation between Asrgdara and menorrhagia highlights Ayurveda's relevance in discussing gynecological health while advocating the need for further integration of these ancient practices in modern healthcare. Utilizing Ayurvedic formulations can greatly aid in alleviating menorrhagia symptoms, potentially offering a holistic approach to treating this prevalent issue and enhancing the quality of life for affected women.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Asrgdara and how is it related to menorrhagia?
Asrgdara refers to heavy vaginal bleeding during, before, or after a menstrual period. It is correlated with menorrhagia, which is characterized by excessively prolonged menstrual bleeding. Both conditions share uterine bleeding as a main clinical feature.
What are the main causes of Asrgdara according to Ayurveda?
According to Ayurveda, causes of Asrgdara include excessive consumption of certain foods, such as salty or sour foods, and lifestyle factors like stress, trauma, or excessive physical activity, all of which can vitiate blood and lead to heavy bleeding.
What Ayurvedic treatments are available for managing Asrgdara?
Ayurvedic treatments for Asrgdara include formulations such as Raktapradarharyog, Ashokaristha, and Pradrantak Ras, which help manage bleeding. These treatments aim to reduce excessive bleeding and address complications like weakness and anaemia.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “The pathogenesis and indigenous management of asrgdara w.s.r to menorrhagia”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Blood:
In the context of Ayurveda and the condition Asrgdara, blood refers to Rakta, which is a fundamental bodily fluid responsible for maintaining vitality and carrying nutrients. Disorders related to menstrual bleeding, such as menorrhagia, involve excessive loss of blood, which can lead to complications like anemia.
2) Asrigdara (Asrgdara, Asrij-dara):
Asrgdara is a Sanskrit term used in Ayurveda to describe heavy vaginal bleeding during or before or after the menstrual period. It corresponds to menorrhagia in modern medicine and can be caused by various etiological factors. Its treatment involves herbal, polyherbal, and mineral drugs.
3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India focused on maintaining health through prevention and managing diseases using herbal, polyherbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral drugs. Ayurveda classifies Asrgdara under bleeding disorders and offers multiple remedies for its management.
4) Menstrual blood:
Menstrual blood, referred to as Raja or Artava in Ayurveda, is the blood excreted during the menstrual cycle. Asrgdara involves excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding, and its management in Ayurveda includes various herbal medications.[see source text or glossary: Menstrual blood]
5) Rakta:
Rakta is the term used for blood in Ayurveda. It is one of the essential bodily fluids. In the condition of Asrgdara, Rakta becomes vitiated, leading to excessive uterine bleeding. Managing Rakta is crucial in treating Asrgdara effectively.
6) Sudha:
Sudha, meaning 'pure' or 'refined,' is often used in Ayurvedic medicine to describe the purified forms of substances like mercury and sulfur. In the management of Asrgdara, purified ingredients play a role in some formulations.
7) Disease:
In Ayurveda, disease is understood as an imbalance in the body's doshas. Conditions like Asrgdara are viewed through their impact on bodily functions and are managed with a holistic approach, incorporating diet, lifestyle, and herbal medications.
8) Raja:
Raja refers to menstrual blood in Ayurveda. Asrgdara involves the excessive excretion of Raja, which necessitates treatments aimed at regulating and purifying the blood to manage the heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding.
9) Pain:
Pain, known as Shula in Ayurveda, often accompanies conditions like Asrgdara. The management of such conditions includes using Ayurvedic preparations that not only address the excessive bleeding but also alleviate the associated pain.
10) Drug:
Ayurvedic drugs for managing Asrgdara include formulations like Ashokarishta, Pradrantakras, and Pradrariras. These drugs typically comprise herbal, polyherbal, and mineral ingredients aimed at controlling excessive menstrual bleeding and its complications.
11) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation, referred to as Daha in Ayurveda, is one of the complications associated with Asrgdara. Ayurvedic treatment addresses this symptom alongside the primary concern of excessive menstrual bleeding.
12) Madhu:
Madhu, which means honey, is used in Ayurvedic formulations to treat Asrgdara. It acts as a vehicle for other ingredients and has healing properties. For example, it is used in preparations like Pradrantak Ras.
13) Pariksha (Pariksa):
Pariksha refers to examination or diagnosis in Ayurveda. Trividha Pariksha involves three methods—Darshan (inspection), Sparshan (palpation), and Prashan (questioning)—to diagnose conditions like Asrgdara.
14) Rashmi (Rasmi):
Dr. Rashmi Saini is one of the authors of the research article detailing the pathogenesis and indigenous management of Asrgdara in Ayurveda. She is affiliated with the National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur.
15) Thirst:
Thirst, known as Trishna in Ayurveda, can be a complication of Asrgdara. It is one of the symptoms that Ayurvedic treatment aims to manage alongside the primary concern of excessive uterine bleeding.
16) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, governing movement and bodily functions. Imbalances in Vata can contribute to conditions like Vataj Asrgdara, characterized by specific symptoms and needing tailored treatment.
17) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, or Amla, is an ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations used to manage Asrgdara. It is known for its health benefits, including improving blood health and reducing bleeding.
18) Berberis aristata:
Berberis aristata, also known as Daru Haridra, is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations like Ashokarishta to manage conditions like Asrgdara. It has properties that help in reducing excessive menstrual bleeding.
19) Cyperus rotundus:
Cyperus rotundus, or Nagar Motha, is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its health benefits, including treating conditions like Asrgdara. It is included in various formulations aimed at reducing excessive menstrual bleeding.
20) Nelumbo nucifera:
Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Kamal, is an ingredient used in Ayurvedic treatments for Asrgdara. It helps in managing bleeding disorders and is a component of formulations like Madhukaadhya awleh.
21) Madhavanidana (Madhava-nidana):
Madhava-nidana is an authoritative Ayurvedic text detailing various diseases and their management. It provides information on conditions like Asrgdara, including their aetiology and pathogenesis.
22) Madhava:
Madhava is the author of the classic Ayurvedic text Madhava-nidana, which includes comprehensive descriptions of diseases like Asrgdara and their Ayurvedic management.[see source text or glossary: Madhava]
23) Nidana:
Nidana means diagnosis in Ayurveda. Texts like Madhava-nidana detail the diagnostic methods and aetiology of conditions like Asrgdara, guiding Ayurvedic treatment protocols.
24) Cancer:
Cancer is among the differential diagnoses for abnormal uterine bleeding, like menorrhagia. Although not explicitly covered in the text, Ayurvedic management of related symptoms can often overlap.
25) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu, or anemia, is a complication of Asrgdara. Conditions like Asrgdara, which involve excessive menstrual bleeding, can lead to a significant loss of blood, thereby causing anemia.
26) Honey:
Honey, or Madhu, is often used in Ayurvedic formulations. In the treatment of Asrgdara, Madhu acts as an adjuvant, improving the efficacy and palatability of other medicinal ingredients.
27) Mica:
Mica, referred to as Abhrak Bhasm, is a mineral used in Ayurvedic formulations for Asrgdara. It is known for its therapeutic properties and helps manage excessive menstrual bleeding and its complications.
28) Milk:
Milk is often referenced in Ayurvedic texts for its nourishing properties. However, in the context of treating Asrgdara, the focus is primarily on other medicinal substances.
29) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, also known as Haritki, is part of Ayurvedic formulations for treating Asrgdara. It is one of the ingredients in formulations like Ashokarishta and is known for its various health benefits.
30) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica, or mango, is used in different forms in Ayurvedic medicine. Aamrasthimajja, derived from the mango tree, is included in formulations like Ashokarishta, used for managing Asrgdara.
31) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica, known as Vasa, is a plant used in Ayurvedic formulations. It is part of formulations like Ashokarishta, employed in the treatment of Asrgdara to manage excessive uterine bleeding.
32) Aegle marmelos:
Aegle marmelos, also known as Bilvaphalmajjas, is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its health benefits. It is included in formulations aimed at treating Asrgdara and managing associated symptoms like bleeding.
33) Agadatantra (Agada-tantra, Agadatamtra):
Agada-tantra is a branch of Ayurveda specializing in toxicology and the treatment of poisoning. The department at the National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, focuses on this specialty, as indicated by Dr. Rashmi Saini's affiliation.
34) Shilajatu (Silajatu, Shila-jatu):
Shilajatu, or mineral pitch, is used in various Ayurvedic formulations for its potent medicinal properties. It appears in formulations like Shilajatu Vatika, which are used in managing conditions like Asrgdara.
35) Medicine:
Medicine in the context of Ayurveda includes herbal, polyherbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral preparations. These are used to treat conditions like Asrgdara by addressing the imbalances in the body's doshas.
36) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts, such as Brhatriyi and Laghutryi. These texts offer detailed descriptions of diseases like Asrgdara and their management through Ayurvedic practices.
37) Trishna (Trsna):
Trishna, or excessive thirst, is one of the complications associated with Asrgdara. Managing symptoms like Trishna is integral to the Ayurvedic treatment protocols for bleeding disorders.
38) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja is one of the types of Asrgdara, characterized by symptoms caused by the vitiation of Pitta dosha. Symptoms include hot, yellowish, or greenish menstrual blood and require specific Ayurvedic interventions.
39) Mineral:
Minerals like mica (Abhrak Bhasm) and iron (Loh Bhasm) are used in Ayurvedic formulations for managing Asrgdara. These minerals contribute to the therapeutic effects of the treatments offered.
40) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in the context of Ayurveda refers to a specialized field of study or practice. Agada-tantra focuses on toxicology, which although not directly related to Asrgdara, signifies the specialized branches within Ayurveda.
41) Harita:
Harita is an Ayurvedic scholar who has mentioned specific etiological factors and symptoms related to Asrgdara. His texts provide key insights into the disease and its management.
42) Jaipur:
Jaipur is the city in India where the National Institute of Ayurveda is located. The institution is affiliated with the authors of the study on Asrgdara, including Dr. Rashmi Saini.
43) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja is one of the classifications of Asrgdara in Ayurveda. It is caused by the vitiation of Vata dosha and is characterized by specific symptoms like frothy, thin menstrual blood.
44) Agada:
Agada refers to detoxification, a specialty in Ayurveda. Treatments and practices within the Agada tantra framework focus on removing toxins, although Asrgdara management might also involve detoxifying the body.
45) Motha:
Motha, or Nagar Motha (Cyperus rotundus), is used in Ayurvedic formulations for its medicinal properties. It helps in managing conditions like Asrgdara and is an ingredient in several therapeutic preparations.
46) Kumar:
Deepak Kumar is one of the authors of the research article on Asrgdara. He is affiliated with the Motherhood Ayurved Medical College in Haridwar, contributing to the study's findings and insights.
47) Fever:
Fever, known as Jvara, can be a complication of Asrgdara. Managing fever is part of the comprehensive treatment protocol for Asrgdara in Ayurveda.
48) Birth:
Birth, while not explicitly mentioned in this context, is related to women's health. Managing menstrual disorders like Asrgdara is crucial for reproductive health.
49) Tama:
Tama means darkness, often experienced as a symptom of Asrgdara. Women suffering from this condition may experience darkness before their eyes, indicating a severe form of the disease.
50) Katu:
Katu refers to pungent tastes or substances in Ayurveda. Consumption of Katu substances can aggravate doshas and contribute to the aetiology of conditions like Asrgdara.
51) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa, meaning essence or juice, is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda involving bodily fluids. The imbalance of Rasa can lead to conditions like Asrgdara, which requires Ayurvedic interventions to manage.
52) Vasa (Vasha):
Vasa, or Adhatoda vasica, is an herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its beneficial properties. It is included in formulations like Ashokarishta for treating Asrgdara.
53) Daha:
Daha, or burning sensation, is one of the symptoms and complications associated with Asrgdara. Ayurvedic treatments aim to alleviate this symptom along with controlling excessive bleeding.
54) Wine:
Wine is mentioned as an etiological factor in Ayurveda, contributing to the aggravation of doshas and conditions like Asrgdara. Avoidance of wine is recommended to manage the condition.
55) Rubia cordifolia:
Rubia cordifolia, known as Manjistha, is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its properties. It helps manage conditions like Asrgdara by improving blood health and reducing excessive menstrual bleeding.
56) Saussurea lappa:
Saussurea lappa, or Kusthmool, is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations like Madhukaadhya awleh for the treatment of Asrgdara. It aids in managing bleeding and other related symptoms.
57) Cuminum cyminum:
Cuminum cyminum, or Jeera, is a common ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations like Ashokarishta for managing Asrgdara. It has multiple health benefits, including aiding in digestive and menstrual health.
58) Santalum album:
Santalum album, known as Swet Chandan, is used in Ayurvedic formulations like Ashokarishta to treat Asrgdara. It helps to reduce excessive menstrual bleeding and manage other related symptoms.
59) Piper longum:
Piper longum, or Pipalli, is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations like Navayas Loh for its medicinal properties. It helps in managing conditions like Asrgdara by improving blood circulation and reducing bleeding.
60) Cow urine (Cow's urine):
Cow urine is mentioned in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. In the context of Asrgdara, it is referenced as a characteristic of Pittaj Asrgdara's menstrual blood color.
61) Cow milk (Cow's milk):
Cow milk is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its nourishing properties and as a vehicle for administering other formulations, such as Shilajatu Vatika, which is used in treating Asrgdara.
62) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, also known as Chitrakmool, is used in Ayurvedic formulations like Navayas Loh for its therapeutic properties. It aids in managing conditions like Asrgdara by reducing excessive menstrual bleeding.
63) Syzygium cumini:
Syzygium cumini, or Jamun, is an ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations for managing Asrgdara. It is known for its health benefits, including reducing bleeding and improving overall reproductive health.
64) Vitis vinifera:
Vitis vinifera, or Draksa, is used in Ayurvedic formulations like Madhukaadhya awleh for its health benefits. It helps manage conditions like Asrgdara by supporting blood health and reducing bleeding.
65) Daruharidra (Daru-haridra):
Daru-haridra, or Berberis aristata, is an herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its properties. It is part of formulations like Ashokarishta, which helps in the treatment of conditions like Asrgdara.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 124]