The folklore medicinal orchids of Sikkim
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: The folklore medicinal orchids of Sikkim
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Ashok Kumar Panda, Debasis Mandal
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: The folklore medicinal orchids of Sikkim
Year: 2013
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Orchids, recognized for their aesthetic appeal and aromatic properties, have traditionally been overlooked for their medicinal potential. In Ayurveda, several species of orchids, including Jīvantī, Jīvaka, Ṛṣabhaka, and Rāsnā, have been identified for their therapeutic uses. Sikkim, a region abundant in biodiversity, is home to approximately 523 species of wild orchids, of which around 50 have been noted for their medicinal applications. This study aims to explore the folklore medicinal uses of these orchids by engaging with local communities and traditional healers to document their knowledge and practices.
Traditional Medicinal Uses of Orchids in Sikkim
The investigation revealed that a total of 36 orchid species are utilized for various health-related purposes in Sikkim's traditional medicine. Engaging with local healers and community members through interviews and questionnaires, the researchers compiled data detailing the botanical and ayurvedic names, phenological characteristics, utilized parts, and specific medicinal uses of these orchids. Notably, certain taxa were identified for their medicinal properties: nine species for wound healing, eight for inflammatory conditions, and several others for ailments ranging from respiratory issues to digestive disorders. This highlights the critical role that local flora, particularly orchid species, play in the healthcare practices of Sikkim’s communities.
Conclusion
The study underscores the significance of preserving both the biodiversity of orchids and the traditional knowledge associated with their medicinal applications. With increasing environmental pressures and habitat loss, many orchid species are at risk, potentially leading to the extinction of both the plants and the invaluable cultural knowledge surrounding their use. To mitigate these threats, it is imperative to recognize and protect these orchids and the traditional practices of local healers. Further pharmacological studies are warranted to explore the medicinal properties of these orchids and validate their applications in modern medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the key medicinal orchids found in Sikkim?
The study identifies 36 species of orchids used medicinally in Sikkim. Some key examples include Jīvantī, Jīvaka, and Rāsnā, which are recognized in Ayurveda for various health purposes.
What was the aim of the orchid study in Sikkim?
The aim of the study was to document and understand the folklore medicinal uses of orchids in Sikkim, specifically assessing traditional practices and knowledge from local healers and communities.
How were the traditional uses of orchids researched?
The research involved personal interviews and questionnaires with traditional healers, religious leaders, and villagers in Sikkim. Data collection took place during field visits conducted between August 2009 and December 2011.
What are the conservation concerns regarding medicinal orchids in Sikkim?
The exploitation of orchid species for medicinal uses and habitat loss threatens their survival. Protecting these valuable orchids, along with the traditional knowledge associated with them, is crucial for conservation efforts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “The folklore medicinal orchids of Sikkim”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes a holistic approach to health. It utilizes natural substances, including plants and herbs, to promote well-being. Orchids such as Jīvantī and Rāsnā are integral to Ayurvedic practices, showcasing the medicinal potential of these plants.
2) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. In the context of Sikkim, traditional medicine significantly relies on local resources, such as medicinal orchids. Various species are used for different health-related purposes.
3) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of a disease. Many orchids identified in Sikkim serve as traditional drugs within the local health care systems. Species like Jīvaka and Ṛṣabhaka have recognized medicinal properties.
4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological studies investigate the effects of drugs on biological systems. The research highlights how orchids possess pharmacological properties, with evidence supporting their anti-inflammatory and wound healing capabilities. Such aspects are essential for validating their use in folk medicine.
5) Knowledge:
Knowledge in traditional medicine encompasses the practices and understandings passed down through generations. In Sikkim, the knowledge of medicinal orchids is critical, as local healers rely on this wisdom for health treatments. The decline of such knowledge poses a risk to health practices.
6) Rishabhaka (Rsabhaka):
Ṛṣabhaka is one of the medicinal orchids noted in Ayurveda. It has several uses in traditional health treatments, indicating the importance of specific orchid species in medicinal applications. Its role in local folk medicine exemplifies the need for conservation.
7) Jivanti (Jivamti):
Jīvantī is another significant orchid used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its applications highlight the value of orchids in enhancing health and vitality. The presence of Jīvantī in local medicine underscores its therapeutic relevance, linking traditional practices with modern health solutions.
8) Jivaka:
Jīvaka, like other medicinal orchids, is associated with various health benefits in Ayurvedic practices. Its categorization among valuable herbs shows its importance in the traditional drug preparation. The relevance of Jīvaka extends to natural treatments for various ailments.
9) Rasna (Rashna, Rasona, Rasa-una):
Rāsnā is documented within Ayurvedic texts as a medicinal orchid. It is recognized for its potency in treating various health conditions, including respiratory ailments. The inclusion of Rāsnā in traditional healing signifies its authenticity and application in local health systems.
10) Cyavanaprasha (Cyavanaprasa, Cyavana-prasha):
Cyavanaprāśa is a classical Ayurvedic formulation believed to improve vitality and immunity. It contains orchids like Jīvantī among its ingredients, integrating the properties of these plants into a well-known traditional medicine. This reinforces the role of orchids in holistic health.
11) Discussion:
Discussion in studies involves analyzing data and findings to draw conclusions. The analysis of medicinal orchids in Sikkim brought to light various uses and the necessity for conservation of traditional medicinal knowledge. Open forums for discussion are vital for future research.
12) Ashtavarga (Astavarga, Ashtan-varga):
Aṣṭavarga refers to a group of eight medicinal plants crucial in Ayurvedic formulations. The link between orchids and Aṣṭavarga stresses the importance of diverse plant species in medicinal practices, advocating for research on their pharmacological properties.
13) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are plant compounds known for their health benefits, including antioxidant properties. Many orchids contain flavonoids, suggesting their potential use in traditional medicine. The study of these compounds helps formulate effective natural remedies.
14) Habitat:
Habitat refers to the natural environment where species live and thrive. The preservation of habitats is crucial for the survival of medicinal orchids, as urbanization and deforestation threaten their populations. Protecting habitats ensures the continuity of traditional knowledge and practices.
15) Science (Scientific):
Science involves systematic study and understanding of the natural world. The investigation of orchids within the context of Sikkim represents a scientific approach to validating traditional medicinal practices, bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary research methodologies.
16) Vriddhi (Vrddhi):
Vṛddhi is one of the important plants considered in traditional medicinal practices, showcasing the relevance of specific flora in health treatments. Its role alongside other orchids in enhancing health illustrates the necessity of biodiversity in folk medicine.
17) Riddhi (Rddhi):
Ṛddhi is another vital member recognized in Ayurvedic formulations and often linked with medicinal benefits. As part of the traditional health paradigm, its applications underscore the influence of various orchids on health and healing practices in local cultures.