Ayurvedic literature in orissa – an overview

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic literature in orissa – an overview”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that originated in India, emphasizing a holistic approach to health and well-being. It incorporates natural remedies, dietary principles, and lifestyle practices. The relevance of Ayurveda lies in its comprehensive understanding of human health and its potential to offer alternative treatment modalities based on individual constitution and lifestyle.

2) Vaidya:
In the Ayurvedic context, 'Vaidya' refers to a practitioner or physician skilled in the art of healing according to Ayurvedic principles. Vaidyas play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating ailments, utilizing their knowledge of herbal medicines, therapeutic techniques, and holistic health practices. Their expertise ensures the transmission and application of ancient wisdom in contemporary healing.

3) Sara (Śāra, Shara, Sāra, Ṣaṟā):
The term 'Sara' in Ayurveda signifies essence or essentiality, often associated with substances or concepts that are pure and vital. It represents the core qualities of medicinal herbs and treatments that contribute to effective healing. Understanding Sara helps practitioners discern the most impactful elements in formulations and therapies for optimal health outcomes.

4) Dravyaguna (Dravyaguṇa, Dravya-guna):
'Dravya-guna' refers to the properties (guna) of various substances (dravya) used in Ayurveda. This term encompasses the categorization and understanding of medicinal qualities and effects, aiding practitioners in selecting appropriate treatments that align with a patient's unique health profile for optimized therapeutic results.

5) Shastra (Śāstra):
The term 'Sastra' refers to texts or scriptures that encompass knowledge and principles in various disciplines, including Ayurveda. These texts provide foundational teachings, guidelines, and methodologies essential for practitioners. Sastra serves as a repository of ancient wisdom that continues to inform and shape contemporary Ayurvedic practice and education.

6) Roga:
'Roga' translates to 'disease' or 'ailment' in Ayurveda. The understanding of Rogas is fundamental for diagnosis and treatment within Ayurvedic medicine. Each Roga is viewed holistically, considering not only physical symptoms but also mental, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby fostering a comprehensive approach to healing and health restoration.

7) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' in this context refers to the accumulated information and understanding related to Ayurveda, its methodologies, therapies, and medicinal substances. This knowledge is essential for practitioners to provide effective treatment and engage in research, ensuring the continued development and relevance of Ayurvedic science in modern health care practices.

8) Samgraha (Saṅgraha, Saṃgraha, Saṃgrāha, Sangraha):
'Samgraha' denotes a collection or compilation of knowledge, principles, or practices in Ayurveda. This term signifies the importance of systematically organizing Ayurvedic wisdom to ensure its effective transmission and accessibility for practitioners and students, fostering better understanding and application of Ayurvedic teachings.

9) Nidana (Nidāna):
'Nidana' refers to the identification and classification of diseases in Ayurveda, focusing on their causes and symptoms. Understanding Nidana is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning, allowing practitioners to trace the origin of health issues and tailor interventions precisely, thus enhancing the effectiveness of Ayurvedic therapies.

10) Manjari (Mañjarī, Mañjari, Manjarī, Mamjari):
In Ayurveda, 'Manjari' signifies a collection or a lexicon of important concepts, texts, or treatments. It may refer to specialized compilations that put together significant knowledge for easy reference. Understanding these compilations assists practitioners in accessing detailed information quickly, enhancing their clinical practices and patient care.

11) Rasa (Rasā, Rasha):
'Rasa' in Ayurveda refers to the essence or flavor of substances, particularly medicinal herbs and formulations. It signifies the therapeutic properties that influence the body's balance and health. The concept of Rasa assists practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies based on taste and healing qualities, integral to Ayurvedic treatments.

12) Bhaishajya (Bhaiṣajya):
'Bhaishajya' signifies medicine or therapeutics in Ayurveda, embodying the essence of healing through various modalities. This term encompasses herbal remedies, formulations, treatment strategies, and health-promoting practices central to Ayurvedic philosophy, underscoring its comprehensive approach to achieving and maintaining wellness.

13) Nighantu (Nighaṇṭu, Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to Ayurvedic pharmacopeias or glossaries that catalog medicinal plants, their properties, and applications. These texts are invaluable resources for practitioners, providing detailed descriptions and classifications essential for formulating treatments. Nighantu enhances knowledge of herbal materia medica and assists in the education of future Ayurvedic practitioners.

14) Paryaya (Paryāya):
'Paryaya' denotes synonyms or alternate names for medicinal substances in Ayurveda. This concept supports a broader understanding of herbs and their uses, allowing practitioners to identify and utilize various plants more effectively. Knowledge of Paryaya is beneficial for the accurate prescription of treatments and expanding herbal repertoire.

15) Dravya:
'Dravya' translates to 'substance' or 'material' in Ayurveda, referring to the various elements used in treatments, including herbs, minerals, and animal products. The study of Dravya is vital for understanding the physical and therapeutic characteristics of these substances, enabling practitioners to choose suitable materials for effective healthcare applications.

16) Dipika (Dīpika, Dīpikā):
'Dipika' denotes illuminative texts or commentaries that clarify and expand upon main Ayurvedic literature. These texts provide insights and interpretations that enhance understanding of complex concepts and practices, serving as essential resources for both students and practitioners to navigate the intricacies of Ayurvedic knowledge effectively.

17) Samhita (Saṃhitā, Saṃhita):
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts that compile foundational knowledge and principles of the discipline. These manuscripts contain valuable teachings on diagnosis, treatment, and philosophy of health and illness, serving as primary references for practitioners. Studying Samhita is crucial for a deep understanding of Ayurveda's heritage and practices.

18) Tantra (Tantrā, Tamtra, Tantrism):
'Tantra' signifies texts or systems that outline specific techniques, rituals, or practices within Ayurveda, often relating to internal healing and spiritual growth. It encompasses methodologies that integrate physical, mental, and spiritual elements, thus fostering a holistic approach to medicine and healing, as well as the importance of intention and mindfulness.

19) Bhishaj (Bhishak, Bhiṣak, Bhiṣaj):
'Bhisak' refers to an Ayurvedic healer or physician. The role of a Bhisak is pivotal in patient healing and wellness, as they utilize their extensive knowledge of Ayurvedic texts, therapies, and holistic health principles. Bhisaks bridge traditional wisdom with modern medical practices, fostering healing through an integrative approach.

20) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India, often associated with scholars and practitioners in Ayurvedic medicine. The studies and works of individuals with this surname have contributed significantly to the understanding and documentation of Ayurvedic principles and practices, playing an important role in preserving and promoting Ayurveda's rich heritage.

21) Karma (Karman, Kārma):
In Ayurvedic philosophy, 'Karma' denotes the principle of cause and effect governing actions and consequences. It's relevant in understanding the origins of diseases and health imbalances. Recognizing the role of Karma allows practitioners to address not only the symptoms but also the underlying behavioral and lifestyle factors contributing to health issues.

22) Jvara (Jvarā):
'Jvara' translates to 'fever' in Ayurveda, a condition marked by elevated body temperature and often associated with various underlying diseases. Understanding Jvara is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, as different types of fever may require distinct therapeutic approaches. This insight aids practitioners in pinpointing the root causes of fever and managing them effectively.

23) Ratna (Ratnā):
Ratna translates to 'gem' or 'precious substance,' often used metaphorically to refer to highly valuable knowledge, qualities, or medicinal substances. In Ayurvedic texts, the term emphasizes the importance of rare and beneficial herbs and formulations that hold unique therapeutic value, guiding practitioners towards effective treatment choices.

24) Madhavanidana (Mādhavanidāna, Madhava-nidana):
Madhava-nidana is an important Ayurvedic text focused on the principles of diagnosis. This treatise serves as a reference for identifying diseases based on symptoms, aiding practitioners in clinical assessment and ensuring appropriate treatment plans. Its significance lies in its systematic approach towards understanding and categorizing various health conditions.

25) Dhanvantari (Dhanvamtari):
Dhanvantari is a revered figure in Ayurveda, considered the god of medicine and an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. He symbolizes the historical and spiritual roots of Ayurvedic medicine, representing the divine connection between healing practices and cosmic order. Dhanvantari's teachings and references in texts reinforce the sacred nature of Ayurvedic healing.

26) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
'Raktapitta' is an Ayurvedic condition that corresponds to bleeding disorders characterized by the bleeding of blood. Recognizing and understanding Raktapitta is crucial for effective diagnosis, as it necessitates specific herbal interventions and treatment strategies aimed at restoring balance and managing symptoms associated with this condition.

27) Paribhasha (Paribhāsa, Paribhāṣā):
'Paribhasa' signifies definitions, explanations, or delineations of concepts within Ayurveda. It plays an essential role in clarifying complex ideas and enhancing comprehension of terminologies, principles, and classifications, thereby ensuring practitioners have precise knowledge necessary for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment formulations.

28) Amlapitta (Amla-pitta):
Amlapitta refers to a gastrointestinal condition characterized by acidity and digestive issues in Ayurveda. Understanding Amlapitta is important for diagnosis and treatment, enabling practitioners to tailor dietary recommendations and herbal therapies effectively to restore digestive balance and alleviate symptoms related to this condition.

29) Prakasha (Prakāśa, Prākāśa):
'Prakasha' translates to 'illumination' or 'light' and often refers to texts that provide clear insights into Ayurvedic concepts and practices. These works aim to clarify and elucidate complex principles, enhancing the understanding of Ayurveda and guiding practitioners in the application of effective therapeutic modalities.

30) Kalpana (Kalpanā):
Kalpana denotes the formulation process of medicines in Ayurveda, including the preparation of herbal remedies and treatments. Mastery of Kalpana is essential for practitioners to create effective and safe medicines, encompassing various techniques and methodologies integral to Ayurvedic healing practices.

31) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' pertains to the systematic and evidence-based approach to understanding Ayurveda. It involves research and validation of traditional practices through modern methodologies. This perspective enhances the credibility of Ayurvedic treatments and fosters integration into contemporary healthcare systems, bridging the gap between traditional healing and evidence-based medicine.

32) Mantra (Māntra, Mamtra):
In Ayurveda, 'Mantra' signifies sacred sounds or phrases, often utilized in healing practices and rituals. The use of Mantras is believed to have vibrational effects that can influence physical and mental states, highlighting the spiritual dimensions of health and weaving together holistic approaches to wellness beyond physical treatments.

33) Vipaka (Vipāka):
'Vipaka' refers to the post-digestive effect of food and herbs in Ayurveda, indicating how substances transform and affect the body after digestion. Understanding Vipaka is essential for practitioners as it informs the long-term therapeutic effects of medicines, guiding more precise formulations and dietary recommendations.

34) Kumara (Kumāra, Kumārā):
Kumara refers to a child or juvenile in Ayurveda, often denoting subjects related to pediatric health. Understanding Kumara is essential for practitioners treating younger patients, helping them tailor interventions and therapies suitable for children's unique physiological and emotional needs, thus ensuring effective pediatric care.

35) Bala (Bāla, Balā, Bālā):
Bala means 'child' in Ayurveda, similar to Kumara, and emphasizes the importance of childhood health and development. Ayurvedic texts often address health issues, treatments, and dietary practices specific to children. Understanding Bala is vital for practitioners focusing on pediatric care and ensuring safe, effective therapies for young patients.

36) Nadi (Nādi, Nadī, Nāḍī, Nādin, Nāḍi, Nadin):
'Nadi' translates to 'pulse' in Ayurveda, which plays a significant role in diagnosis. Practitioners assess pulse qualities to understand the patient's health condition, identifying imbalances and guiding treatment decisions. Mastery in Nadi assessment enhances practitioners’ abilities to provide customized and effective Ayurvedic treatments.

37) Guna (Guṇa, Gūna):
'Guna' means 'quality' or 'attribute' and refers to the inherent characteristics of substances, including medicinal herbs as well as bodily doshas. Understanding Guna is essential in Ayurveda for diagnosis, treatment formulation, and achieving balance in health by selecting appropriate herbs and remedies to harmonize bodily functions.

38) Dhanvantarinighantu (Dhanvantarinighaṇṭu, Dhanvantari-nighantu):
Dhanvantari-nighantu is a specific Ayurvedic text focusing on medicinal plants and their properties. This text serves as a comprehensive herbal reference, informing practitioners about the therapeutic uses, characteristics, and preparations of various substances, thus enhancing the clinical practice and herbal knowledge in Ayurveda.

39) Ayurvedaprakasha (Āyurvedaprakāśa, Ayurveda-prakasha):
Ayurveda-prakasha translates as 'illumination of Ayurveda,' often referring to key texts that elucidate Ayurvedic principles, terminologies, and applications. Such texts are vital for students and practitioners, providing clarity and guidance in the study and practice of Ayurveda, reinforcing the understanding of traditional knowledge.

40) Kaumarabhritya (Kaumārabhṛtya, Kaumara-bhritya):
'Kaumara-bhritya' denotes the branch of Ayurveda focused on pediatrics. This specialization addresses the unique health care needs of children, emphasizing growth, nutrition, and treatment modalities suitable for younger populations. Understanding this branch is crucial for practitioners treating infant and childhood ailments effectively.

41) Daivavyapashraya (Daivavyapāśraya):
Daivavyapasraya refers to the spiritual and faith-based aspect of Ayurvedic treatment, emphasizing the role of divine intervention and rituals in healing. This concept highlights the integration of spirituality in health care, acknowledging that faith and belief can influence patient outcomes and contribute to holistic healing.

42) Sannipatajvara (Saṃnipātajvara, Sannipātajvara, Sannipata-jvara, Samnipatajvara, Samnipata-jvara):
'Sannipata-jvara' denotes a specific type of fever characterized by an imbalance of three doshas. Understanding this condition is crucial for Ayurvedic practitioners as it requires tailored treatment approaches to restore balance and address the underlying imbalances, enhancing the effectiveness of interventions for fever management.

43) Amritamanjari (Amṛtamañjarī, Amrita-manjari):
Amrita-manjari translates to 'nectar collection,' referring to a compilation of valuable Ayurvedic knowledge or texts that explore essential healing concepts. Such collections serve as significant resources for practitioners and students, enriching their understanding of the intricate connections between herbs, treatments, and holistic health.

44) Rasaratnakara (Rasaratnākara, Rasa-ratnakara):
Rasa-ratnakara is an Ayurvedic text focused on the study of Rasa, or chemical properties of substances. This text delves into pharmaceutical preparations and forms a foundational guide for practitioners in the field of Rasashastra, informing the application of minerals and metals in Ayurvedic practice.

45) Shashankakirana (Śaśāṅkakiraṇa, Shashanka-kirana):
'Sasanka-kirana' refers to a specific Ayurvedic text or manuscript related to health and treatments. The text is valuable for practitioners seeking deeper insights into specific Ayurvedic methodologies and therapeutic interventions, contributing to the overall literature that supports Ayurvedic healing practices.

46) Madhavakara (Mādhavakara):
Madhava-kara refers to texts attributed to Madhava, an influential scholar in Ayurveda. His writings are crucial for understanding diseases, diagnosis, and treatment methodologies. The Madhava-kara texts are pivotal for practitioners, offering insights that have shaped contemporary Ayurvedic diagnostics and therapeutic frameworks.

47) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology in the context of Ayurveda encompasses the study of medicinal substances, their preparation, dosage, and effects on the body. Understanding Ayurvedic pharmacology is essential for practitioners to safely and effectively utilize herbs and compounds in their treatments, ensuring effective therapeutic outcomes and patient safety.

48) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasaśāstra):
'Rasasastra' is another term for Rasa-sastra, reinforcing the notion of a specialized field in Ayurveda dealing with the chemical and medicinal aspects of substances like metals and minerals. Understanding this area deepens practitioners’ knowledge about the safe and effective utilization of these unconventional yet important components in Ayurvedic treatments.

49) Vishvanatha (Viśvanātha, Vishva-natha):
Visvanatha is likely a reference to a prominent Ayurvedic scholar or text, contributing significantly to the wealth of Ayurvedic literature. The teachings and works associated with Visvanatha aid practitioners in understanding varied aspects of Ayurvedic science and practice, fostering improved patient care and enabling the preservation of ancient wisdom.

50) Kalpadruma (Kalpa-druma):
Kalpadruma refers to a literary or philosophical text in Ayurveda that elaborates on treatment principles and methodologies. These texts offer practitioners insights on formulating effective treatments based on traditional knowledge systems, reinforcing the importance of written documentation in sustaining Ayurvedic practice.

51) Tilataila (Tila-taila):
'Tila-taila' refers to sesame oil, commonly used in Ayurvedic cooking, treatments, and therapies. This oil is valued for its nutritional properties and therapeutic benefits in Ayurvedic healing, serving as a medium for herbal formulations and topical applications, emphasizing its significance in holistic health practices.

52) Kalpataru (Kalpa-taru):
Kalpataru translates to a 'wish-fulfilling tree,' symbolizing abundance and prosperity in Ayurveda. It often refers to texts or formulations that provide comprehensive knowledge or solutions to health concerns, advocating the holistic nature of Ayurvedic practice while emphasizing the importance of knowledge accessibility for practitioners and patients alike.

53) Kalpalata (Kalpalatā, Kalpa-lata):
'Kalpalata' signifies a vine or creeper associated with provision and nourishment, often used metaphorically in Ayurvedic texts to highlight the extensive benefits of Ayurvedic principles and treatments. It evokes the richness of Ayurvedic wisdom that nurtures health and sustains life, embodying Ayurvedic philosophies at their essence.

54) Ratnamala (Ratnamālā, Ratnamāla, Ratna-mala):
Ratnamala translates to 'garland of gems,' referring to collections of valuable knowledge or texts within Ayurveda. Such compilations emphasize the importance of curating and preserving Ayurvedic wisdom, ensuring that the gems of knowledge remain accessible and relevant for practitioners in their healing journey.

55) Samnipata (Sannipāta, Saṃnipāta, Sannipata):
'Sannipata' denotes a state of dosha imbalance in Ayurveda, where three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) intertwine and impact health. Understanding Sannipata is crucial for practitioners to effectively diagnose and treat multifaceted health issues, guiding them towards tailored therapeutic solutions aimed at restoring balance.

56) Trayodasha (Trayodaśa, Trayōdaśa, Trayodaśan, Trayodashan, Trayas-dasha, Trayas-dashan):
'Trayodasa' translates to 'thirteen,' often used to refer to specific lists or compilations in Ayurveda. This term may denote particular concepts, such as the thirteen types of pulses, diseases, or conditions categorized for clarity and focused study, aiding Ayurvedic practitioners in their assessments and treatments.

57) Divakara (Diva-kara, Divākara):
Divakara is a term associated with the sun, symbolizing clarity, enlightenment, and illumination in Ayurvedic texts. It may also represent specific texts or teachings that enhance understanding and promote wellness through the integration of solar principles in health practices, emphasizing the connection between nature and healing.

58) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana, Rasāyana, Rāsāyana):
'Rasayana' is a branch of Ayurveda focusing on rejuvenation and longevity, involving therapies and practices aimed at promoting vitality and health. It emphasizes holistic well-being, including mental and spiritual aspects, alongside physical health, thereby reinforcing the comprehensive nature of Ayurvedic medicine in fostering overall vitality.

59) Kashiraja (Kāśirāja, Kashi-raja, Kāśīrāja):
Kasiraja translates to 'king of medicines,' often referring to substances with supreme healing properties. This designation underscores the significance of certain herbs or preparations in Ayurveda that are particularly valued for their effectiveness and efficacy in contributing to health and well-being.

60) Elephant:
'Elephant' in Ayurveda may refer to specific Ayurvedic practices or texts that deal with the treatment and care of large animals, particularly in the context of veterinary Ayurveda. This specialization highlights the broad application of Ayurvedic principles across various living beings, reinforcing its holistic nature.

61) Samudra (Sāmudra):
Samudra translates to 'ocean' and may be metaphorical in Ayurvedic texts, often evoking depth and vastness related to knowledge or experience. This term might also refer to the rich resources derived from the ocean that are utilized within Ayurvedic medicine, highlighting Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to healing practices.

62) Pariksha (Parīkṣā, Parikṣā):
'Pariksa' refers to examination or assessment in Ayurveda, particularly regarding diagnosing conditions and evaluating a patient's health. The term emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation in creating effective treatment plans and showcases Ayurveda's commitment to understanding every individual's unique health profile.

63) Nirnaya (Nirṇaya):
'Nirnaya' translates to 'decision' or 'determination,' often indicating the critical choices made in diagnosing and treating diseases within Ayurveda. This concept highlights the importance of careful evaluation, discernment, and individualized approaches in formulating treatment strategies that align with the unique needs of patients.

64) Bheshaja (Bheṣaja, Bheṣāja):
'Bhesaja' translates to 'medicine' or 'healing substance' in Ayurveda, signifying the various natural materials utilized for therapeutic purposes. This term encompasses a wide array of remedies and preparations, reflecting Ayurveda's diverse approach to healing and the rich repository of knowledge related to medicinal substances.

65) Mishra (Miśra):
Mishra is a common Indian surname that may refer to prominent scholars or practitioners in Ayurveda. People with this name have historically contributed to Ayurvedic literature, teachings, and practices, reinforcing the importance of lineage and knowledge transmission in sustaining the tradition of Ayurveda.

66) Amrita (Amṛtā, Amṛta):
Amrita translates to 'immortal' or 'nectar of life' in Ayurveda, often symbolizing substances that confer health and longevity. This concept encapsulates the goal of Ayurvedic treatments—achieving balance and vitality through the use of therapeutic herbs and lifestyle practices that promote enduring health.

67) Arogya (Ārogya):
'Arogya' means 'health' or 'free from disease' in Ayurveda. It embodies the ultimate goal of Ayurvedic practice, which is to promote well-being and prevent health issues through holistic approaches. Understanding Arogya underscores the importance of maintaining balance across physical, mental, and spiritual levels for overall wellness.

68) Marana (Maraṇa, Māraṇa):
'Marana' translates to 'death' or 'destruction' in Ayurveda, especially in relation to specific treatments or formulations that eliminate ailments. It emphasizes the transformative aspect of certain therapies that aim to eradicate disease conditions, bringing attention to the necessity of addressing illnesses effectively within Ayurvedic practice.

69) Reason:
'Reason' highlights the rational basis for practices and therapies in Ayurveda. It encompasses the underlying principles of diagnosis, treatment modalities, and the holistic perspective of health, reinforcing the importance of logic and knowledge in ensuring effective and evidence-based Ayurvedic medicine.

70) Bodha (Bodhā):
'Bodha' translates to 'knowledge' or 'understanding,' indicating the importance of learning and comprehension in Ayurveda. This term underscores the need for practitioners to acquire deep insights into Ayurvedic principles, ensuring that they can apply this knowledge effectively in their practice to benefit patient health.

71) Vidhi:
'Vidhi' refers to rituals, procedures, or protocols in Ayurveda, particularly concerning treatment methodologies. Understanding Vidhi is crucial for practitioners to ensure the proper application of therapeutic techniques and rituals that align with Ayurvedic principles, fostering effective healing pathways for patients.

72) Taila (Tailā):
'Taila' translates to 'oil' in Ayurveda, often referring to various oils used in treatments, cooking, and formulations. Different oils hold distinct therapeutic properties and applications, making Taila an essential component in Ayurveda, emphasizing its role in enhancing both nutrition and therapeutic efficacy in various remedies.

73) Patra (Pātra):
'Patra' translates to 'leaves' or 'vessel' and often refers to components used in Ayurvedic preparations or the medium in which treatments are administered. Understanding Patra is essential in identifying suitable materials for therapy, fostering effective delivery of medicinal properties through various means.

74) Malla (Mallā, Mālla):
'Malla' commonly represents strength or might, and in the Ayurvedic context, it can refer to practitioners or schools of thought emphasizing physical conditioning or martial aspects. The term encompasses the importance of a strong foundation, both physically and philosophically, in Ayurvedic teachings and practices.

75) Bhava (Bhāva):
'Bhava' translates to 'emotional state' or 'mood' in Ayurveda, encompassing the significance of mental well-being in overall health. Understanding Bhava is essential for practitioners to address emotional aspects that impact physical conditions, fostering a more comprehensive approach to healing that incorporates mental health considerations.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 89]