Remdesivir affect on covid-19

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Remdesivir affect on covid-19
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Prof. Ashwini D. Pagare, Prof. Ganesh B. Ahire, Rohit B. Goyekar, Samadhan N. Patil, Prof. Sandip D. Pagare, Roshani S. Gharate


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Remdesivir affect on covid-19

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30944

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020, initially identified in Wuhan, China. The disease predominantly affects the respiratory system and has led to extensive worldwide research aimed at developing effective treatments and vaccines. One such antiviral medication that has garnered attention is Remdesivir. Initially created for Ebola treatment, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for Remdesivir on May 1, 2020, owing to its potential efficacy against COVID-19. This drug's mechanism, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and various studies surrounding its use form the core of current research and public health discussions regarding COVID-19 treatment.

Efficacy of Remdesivir

Remdesivir (GS-5734) is recognized for its broad antiviral activity, particularly against RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, and MERS. As an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analogue, it disrupts viral replication by targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme essential for viral transcription. Clinical studies indicate that patients receiving Remdesivir show clinical improvement and experience faster recovery times. However, the overall impact on mortality rates remains inconclusive. While initial findings appear promising, larger randomized controlled trials have highlighted mixed results, thereby necessitating caution in its application and advocating for further research into its efficacy for various patient segments.

Safety Profile and Adverse Effects

While Remdesivir has demonstrated clinical benefits, its safety profile raises concerns. Adverse effects commonly reported include respiratory failure, low blood cell counts, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Elevations in liver enzymes are another significant finding, often indicating potential hepatic stress or damage. Hypotension and acute respiratory distress have also been noted, particularly in controlled studies. Notably, the drug's safety in specific populations, such as pregnant women and those with pre-existing kidney and liver conditions, lacks substantial human clinical data. Therefore, ongoing investigations are crucial to fully understand its safety implications and the potential long-term effects on patients with varying medical histories.

Mechanism of Action

The action of Remdesivir is grounded in its ability to interfere with viral RNA replication. Once administered, it converts into its active form, remdesivir triphosphate, which competes with ATP for incorporation into viral RNA. This incorporation leads to delayed chain termination during RNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting the replication of the virus. While this mechanism has been elucidated in other viruses, its effectiveness specifically against SARS-CoV-2 suggests a consistent antiviral action across coronaviruses. This understanding informs the ongoing exploration of Remdesivir’s role in treating COVID-19 and other viral infections, emphasizing its relevance in antiviral therapeutics.

Conclusion

Remdesivir represents a significant development in the management of COVID-19, notably facilitating quicker recovery in hospitalized patients requiring supplemental oxygen. However, its nuanced safety profile coupled with inconclusive mortality benefits necessitates a targeted approach to treatment, primarily reserving its use for specific patient groups. Continuous research is imperative to clarify its long-term efficacy and potential side effects while also exploring its place in broader treatment protocols for COVID-19. As health authorities navigate the complexities of managing this pandemic, Remdesivir stands as a focal point for ongoing discourse in antiviral innovation and therapeutic strategies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Remdesivir and its purpose in treating COVID-19?

Remdesivir is an antiviral drug initially developed to treat Ebola. It has been authorized for emergency use to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, aiming to inhibit the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

How does Remdesivir work to combat COVID-19?

Remdesivir acts as a nucleoside analog. Once inside cells, it converts to an active form that interferes with viral RNA replication, effectively preventing the virus from multiplying and causing illness.

What are the common side effects associated with Remdesivir?

Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, elevated liver enzymes, respiratory failure, and allergic reactions. Patients may also experience injection site reactions and changes in blood pressure.

Who should not take Remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment?

Remdesivir is contraindicated for patients with severe hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, and those with significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase levels unless benefits outweigh risks.

What are the dosages available for Remdesivir?

Remdesivir is available as an injection, either as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution (100 mg/vial) or as a concentrated solution (5 mg/mL in 20 mL).

How effective is Remdesivir in shortening recovery time in COVID-19 patients?

Clinical trials indicate that Remdesivir may help patients recover from COVID-19 approximately 31% faster than those receiving other treatments, notably in severe cases requiring oxygen.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Remdesivir affect on covid-19”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
Drugs encompass various substances that induce physiological effects, either beneficial or harmful. The article mentions several antiviral and supportive drugs in the context of COVID-19 treatment protocols, underscoring the array of pharmacological options needed to tackle complex viral infections in healthcare.

2) Viru:
Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can lead to various diseases, including COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. In the article, the discussion of viral mechanisms and treatments targets how viruses replicate and affect human health, showcasing the need for effective antiviral therapies like remdesivir.

3) Disease:
Diseases are disorders affecting bodily functions typically manifested by a set of symptoms. The article discusses COVID-19 as a significant disease, highlighting the broader context of infectious diseases and the need for effective treatment strategies in healthcare.

4) Mer:
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the MERS-CoV. The relevance in the article lies in comparing MERS with COVID-19, illustrating the broader context of coronaviruses and the importance of developing effective treatments for related viral diseases.

5) Blood:
Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells throughout the body. In the article, discussions about the side effects of remdesivir include hematological issues like low red blood cell count, highlighting the interconnectedness of antiviral treatment and overall blood health in patients with COVID-19.

6) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are drugs that target and kill bacteria but not viruses. The article emphasizes that while antibiotics are not effective against COVID-19, they may still be used for co-infections, illustrating the complexity of treating patients who present with multiple health issues.

7) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for diagnosing, curing, treating, or preventing disease. In the article, various antiviral medicines are explored, highlighting the need for effective options, particularly during a global health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, to manage viral infections.

8) Activity:
Activity, in a pharmacological sense, refers to the effectiveness of a drug in producing its desired therapeutic effects. The article assesses the antiviral activity of remdesivir against COVID-19, providing insight into how effectively medications can impact viral replication and patient's health outcomes.

9) Science (Scientific):
Sciences refer to organized knowledge derived from observation and experimentation. The article discusses the various scientific approaches utilized to investigate remdesivir and its effects on COVID-19, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary health research.

10) Family:
In a biological context, 'the family' refers to a classification group in taxonomy. The article uses this term to categorize different coronaviruses, responsible for diseases, thereby emphasizing the viral classification and relevance to treatment development.

11) Nausea:
Nausea is a common side effect that can arise from various medications, including remdesivir. In the article, nausea is mentioned as a potential adverse effect, emphasizing the importance of monitoring patients for tolerability and the overall safety of antiviral treatments.

12) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of substances or concepts. The article discusses various studies related to remdesivir and its efficacy in treating COVID-19, emphasizing the role of clinical trials in establishing safety and effectiveness of new therapies.

13) Vomiting:
Vomiting is an expected side effect of several medications. The article notes vomiting as an adverse effect associated with remdesivir treatment, reinforcing the need for doctors to manage side effects during treatment for effective patient care and comfort.

14) Ras (Rash):
Rash is a skin condition that can arise due to drug reactions. The article categorizes rash as a potential side effect of remdesivir, thereby highlighting the drug's safety profile and the importance of monitoring patients for cutaneous reactions during therapy.

15) Pain:
Pain is a common symptom experienced in many diseases, including COVID-19. The article discusses the role of drugs like remdesivir in alleviating symptoms, including pain management, thereby underlining the holistic approach necessary in treating viral infections and associated discomforts.

16) Transmission:
Transmission refers to how infections spread from person to person. The article discusses the transmission of COVID-19, which is primarily respiratory, emphasizing the importance of preventing infection spread alongside the development of antiviral treatments.

17) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body’s response to injury or infection, often causing symptoms like redness and swelling. The article links inflammation with COVID-19 severity and discusses how antiviral treatments can potentially modulate these immune responses in affected patients.

18) Swelling:
Swelling is an abnormal enlargement of body parts, often due to inflammation or injury. The article discusses swelling as a potential side effect of remdesivir, illustrating the importance of understanding drug reactions and side effects for patient safety and monitoring.

19) Bleeding:
Bleeding is a medical emergency that can arise from various conditions and treatments. In the article, the mention of bleeding as an adverse effect associated with remdesivir underscores the importance of monitoring and managing potential severe reactions in patients undergoing treatment.

20) Writing:
Writing refers to documenting findings and knowledge. The article embodies the importance of writing in scientific discourse, as it communicates research findings, drug efficacy, and safety information necessary for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions.

21) Itching:
Itching is a sensation that provokes scratching and may arise from various skin-related adverse drug reactions. The article includes itching as a potential side effect of remdesivir, reinforcing the need to monitor patients for any dermatological responses during treatment.

22) Surface:
Surfaces refer to the outermost layer of objects, including those in the environment that can harbor viruses. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding virus transmission through surfaces, contributing knowledge toward infection control measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

23) Company:
Company can refer to the organizations that develop and manufacture drugs. Gilead Sciences, the company behind remdesivir, plays a critical role in the development and distribution of antiviral medications, particularly during urgent public health threats like COVID-19.

24) Camara (Camará):
Camara likely refers to one of the authors or researchers in the study. It signifies the collaborative effort among scientists and researchers to investigate therapeutic options, such as remdesivir, to combat the COVID-19 pandemic effectively.

25) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma may also refer to an author contributing to the article's research. It highlights the collective effort of various researchers and professionals in advancing knowledge and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and similar viral infections.

26) Dhule:
Dhule is a geographic location where one of the institutions involved in the study or article is located. This emphasizes the local and global nature of research efforts in addressing significant health crises, indicating community engagement in public health.

27) Chang:
Chang may refer to an author or researcher associated with the study. This reflects the importance of diverse collaborations in scientific research, bringing together different perspectives and expertise to understand and tackle public health challenges.

28) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of many infections, including COVID-19. The article discusses fever as one of the primary symptoms of the disease, underlining the need for effective treatments to alleviate such symptoms in patients.

29) Cina:
China is referenced as the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial outbreak in Wuhan serves as a focal point for discussions on virus transmission and the subsequent global health response, highlighting the significance of geopolitical aspects in pandemic management.

30) Sign:
Sign can refer to a clinical sign or symptom indicating disease. In the article, signs associated with COVID-19 are mentioned, which are crucial for clinicians and researchers in diagnosing and understanding the progression of the disease.

31) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder briefly mentioned in the context of drugs like hydroxychloroquine. It illustrates the complexity of treatment decisions in patients with comorbidities, emphasizing the need for careful management in those with pre-existing conditions during viral infections.

32) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drugs and their effects on living systems. The article discusses pharmacological aspects of remdesivir, underscoring the importance of understanding drug interactions, efficacy, and safety in developing treatments for viral infections.

33) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and their effects. This article references pharmacology to discuss how compounds like remdesivir work against viruses and their therapeutic potential, accentuating the significance of scientific studies in drug development.

34) Observation:
Observation in scientific research refers to the systematic recording of information or data. The article emphasizes observation through clinical trials assessing the effects and efficacy of remdesivir to inform treatment guidelines and improve clinical outcomes.

35) Swallowing:
Swallowing is the process of moving food from the mouth to the stomach. In the context of side effects mentioned in the article, difficulty swallowing can relate to gastrointestinal responses to medications, stressing the importance of addressing adverse effects during treatment.

36) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to information and understanding acquired through education and experience. The article discusses the scientific knowledge gained from studies on remdesivir, highlighting the need for ongoing research and dissemination of information to manage public health issues effectively.

37) Mutation:
Mutation refers to changes in the genetic material of organisms, including viruses. Understanding mutation is vital in viral research as it can influence vaccine efficacy and treatment strategies, presented in the context of ongoing studies surrounding COVID-19 and its variants.

38) Epidemic:
An epidemic is the rapid spread of a disease across a large region. The article discusses COVID-19 as an epidemic, relating to the urgency of developing treatments like remdesivir to contain the virus and mitigate its impact within populations.

39) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to women who are carrying a fetus. The article mentions pregnancy in the context of drug safety and efficacy, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in treating pregnant patients to ensure the safety of both mother and child.

40) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is a physiological response that can occur due to various triggers, including fever or medication side effects. The article includes sweating as an adverse effect associated with treatment, highlighting the importance of monitoring patients throughout their care.

41) Dealing:
Dealing refers to managing or addressing a particular issue. In the article, dealing pertains to how healthcare systems and researchers respond to the challenges posed by COVID-19, particularly in developing and implementing effective treatment protocols.

42) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning can refer to a sensation often associated with irritation or gastrointestinal side effects. The article notes burning sensations as potential adverse effects of medications like remdesivir, highlighting the importance of patient comfort during antiviral therapy.

43) Nature:
Nature refers broadly to the physical world, including organic and biological phenomena. The article highlights the urgent details about the natural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, underscoring the importance of understanding the biology behind viruses for developing effective treatments.

44) Reason:
Reason refers to the rationale behind decisions or conclusions. In the article, reason pertains to why remdesivir is studied and utilized in COVID-19 treatment; it emphasizes the need for evidence-based therapies to tackle critical health issues effectively.

45) Animal:
Animal refers to non-human living organisms often used in medical research. The article mentions animal studies that assess drug safety and efficacy, reflecting the significance of preclinical research in developing new therapeutic strategies like remdesivir.

46) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely ground substance. In the article, remdesivir is referenced in both its lyophilized powder form for reconstitution and as a concentrated solution, indicating variations in how medications can be delivered in treatment protocols.

47) Thomas:
Thomas may refer to one of the authors included in the study or clinical research. This illustrates the collaborative nature of scientific investigation, showcasing how multiple contributions and perspectives are essential to developing effective treatments.

48) Malin:
Malin likely refers to an author involved in the investigation of remdesivir. The inclusion of various authors indicates a collaborative scientific effort to address urgent public health challenges through research, emphasizing teamwork in advancing medical knowledge.

49) Mishra (Misra):
Misra may denote another author contributing to the article. This underscores the collaborative framework in scientific research, where input from diverse authors enriches the findings and recommendations regarding treatment for COVID-19.

50) India:
India is mentioned as a location where remdesivir is authorized for emergency use. The article highlights the global context of the pandemic response, noting the efforts made by countries to manage COVID-19 and ensure access to effective treatments.

51) Patil:
Patil is likely one of the authors of the article. This emphasizes the importance of academic collaboration in research endeavors, showcasing how the collective knowledge of several scientists can advance understanding and treatment options for significant health concerns.

52) Nayak:
Nayak, as referenced in the document, likely points to an author or researcher associated with the study. This reflects on collaborative scientific efforts necessary to address and resolve public health challenges like COVID-19.

53) Fight:
Fight relates to the collective effort against disease, particularly in reference to combating COVID-19. The article embodies this fight through its discussion of treatments like remdesivir, highlighting the ongoing battle to control outbreaks of infectious diseases.

54) Shang:
Shang may refer to an author contributing to the study or related research. The reference underscores how contributions from various experts are crucial in advancing understanding and finding innovative treatments for diseases impacting public health.

55) Saha (Shaha):
Saha denotes an author involved in the study or article research. This highlights the roles of different researchers in collaborative scientific work aimed at better understanding diseases like COVID-19 and their treatments.

56) Mora:
Mora may indicate an author's name in the research publication. The collaborative efforts of multiple authors illustrate the collective endeavor in the research community to address critical health issues through rigorous scientific inquiry.

57) Nipa:
Nipa refers to a virus mentioned in connection to remdesivir’s antiviral properties. The article thus relates the discovery of remdesivir's efficacy against multiple viral pathogens, illustrating the significance of research in antiviral therapy development.

58) Miṇi (Mini):
Mini might refer to a term used within the context of the article to describe a specific set of data or a concise study. It emphasizes the importance of including comprehensive yet focused findings in understanding treatments like remdesivir.

59) Beta:
Beta may pertain to a term within pharmacology or drug studies, possibly indicating a phase of clinical trials. It highlights the structured approach to drug testing and the necessity of evaluating safety and efficacy in the medical field.

60) Chun:
Chun could refer to an author involved in the research paper. The mention of various authors emphasizes collaborative scientific efforts in tackling public health matters through dedicated analysis and investigation of new treatments.

61) Mera:
Mera may relate to an author or subject connected to the study of remdesivir or COVID-19 research. It underscores the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry aimed at finding effective solutions to pressing health challenges.

62) Pur:
Poor may refer to health disparities or outcomes in the population affected by COVID-19. In the article, it reflects the need to address the medical needs of underserved groups when discussing effective treatment options.

63) Male:
Male refers to one gender of the population that might have different responses to treatments. The article may hint at the necessity of considering gender-specific factors when assessing drug efficacy and treatment outcomes in clinical studies.

64) Life:
Life, in a biological context, pertains to living organisms and their functions. The article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on life, revealing how viral infections can alter health and necessitate intervention strategies to preserve public health and well-being.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Remdesivir affect on covid-19’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Adverse effect, Respiratory system, Clinical trial, Respiratory distress, Safety profile, Clinical improvement, COVID-19 Pandemic, Dosage form, SARS-CoV-2, Mechanism of action, WHO Classification, FDA approval, Viral replication, Side effect, Patient Outcome, Nucleoside analogue, Antiviral drug, Global health crisis.

Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

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