Therapeutic potential of terminalia tomentosa hyne ex. roth.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Therapeutic potential of terminalia tomentosa hyne ex. roth.
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Author:

Ranjna, Mishra H. S., Agarwal A. K., Bedar S. S., Shrivastav S. K., Ojha Mamta


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Therapeutic potential of terminalia tomentosa hyne ex. roth.

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-29656

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Terminalia tomentosa, also known as Asana, is a large deciduous tree belonging to the Combretaceae family and is widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in the Terai region's Sal forests. This plant has traditionally been utilized by local healers for its numerous therapeutic benefits, as documented in various classical Ayurvedic texts. Notably, the plant exhibits a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, and hypoglycemic effects, which underscore its potential as a valuable medicinal resource.

Phytochemical Profile

The phytochemical composition of Terminalia tomentosa plays a crucial role in its therapeutic effects. Key constituents identified in various plant parts include tannins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and steroid compounds. Specific compounds such as arjunic acid, oleanolic acid, and various flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol have been isolated, indicating the plant's diverse pharmacological potential. These phytochemicals contribute to the wide range of health benefits attributed to T. tomentosa, making it a subject of interest for further research in phytotherapy and medicine.

Therapeutic Applications in Ayurveda

In Ayurvedic medicine, Terminalia tomentosa is referenced extensively across classical texts for its healing properties. The plant has been categorized in various groups addressing ailments such as urticaria, skin diseases, urinary disorders, and anemia. It is also noted for its applications in oral health, rejuvenation therapies, and as a constituent in specific formulations for treating fevers and bleeding disorders. The documented traditional uses align with its contemporary pharmacological findings, affirming the relevance of Ayurveda in the validation of medicinal plants.

Pharmacological Activities

Studies have demonstrated varied pharmacological activities of Terminalia tomentosa, affirmatively showing its anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. For example, extracts from the plant have shown significant reductions in blood glucose levels in diabetic models and have demonstrated effectiveness against inflammation, evidenced by the restoration of altered blood parameters in animal models. Additionally, its antibacterial properties against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria highlight its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. The observed activities support its traditional usage and suggest a need for further investigation into its mechanisms.

Conclusion

In summary, Terminalia tomentosa holds significant promise as a therapeutic agent, as evidenced by its rich phytochemical composition and recognized medicinal uses in Ayurveda. While the existing research validates many traditional claims, there remains a need for more comprehensive studies to further elucidate its efficacy, safety, and potential applications in modern medicine. Continued exploration of Terminalia tomentosa may lead to the development of effective pharmaceutical products that leverage its extensive healing capabilities.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Terminalia tomentosa and where is it found?

Terminalia tomentosa, also known as Asana, is a large deciduous tree belonging to the Combretaceae family, widely distributed in the Indian peninsular region, particularly in the Sal forests of Terai.

What are the traditional uses of Terminalia tomentosa?

Traditional healers use Terminalia tomentosa for various ailments including skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory issues, and as a general tonic due to its extensive therapeutic properties.

What are the key pharmacological activities of Terminalia tomentosa?

Terminalia tomentosa exhibits several pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-epileptic, supported by various scientific studies.

What phytochemicals are present in Terminalia tomentosa?

Terminalia tomentosa contains numerous phytochemicals including tannins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.

How has Terminalia tomentosa been validated scientifically?

The therapeutic claims of Terminalia tomentosa have been validated through various pharmacological studies demonstrating its ability to reduce blood glucose levels and inflammation, among other benefits.

What further research is needed on Terminalia tomentosa?

Further research on Terminalia tomentosa is needed to explore its efficacy, safety, and toxicity to fully understand its therapeutic potential and optimize its use in health practices.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Therapeutic potential of terminalia tomentosa hyne ex. roth.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
In pharmacological contexts, 'activity' refers to the effects or actions a substance has on biological systems. For Terminalia tomentosa, various activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic are discussed, showcasing its potential therapeutic roles based on traditional uses and modern scientific evaluations.

2) Disease:
The term 'diseases' encompasses a range of pathological conditions that can affect the health and functionality of individuals. This article discusses many diseases, including skin problems and metabolic disorders, emphasizing how Terminalia tomentosa has been historically used to treat such conditions in Ayurveda and local health traditions.

3) Drug:
'Drugs' indicate various substances used for therapeutic purposes. Multiple formulations in Ayurvedic tradition involving Terminalia tomentosa highlight the plant's diverse applications in treating conditions, reinforcing the diversity and complexity of herbal medicines in traditional healthcare systems.

4) Rat:
'Rats' are commonly used animals in scientific research for studying disease processes and testing drug efficacy due to their genetic, biological, and behavioral similarities to humans. In the reported studies, terminalia tomentosa's effects were evaluated using diabetic rats to ascertain its pharmacological benefits.

5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient holistic health system from India which emphasizes balance in body, mind, and spirit. Terminalia tomentosa plays a significant role within Ayurvedic practices, being identified in classical texts for its curative properties, demonstrating the integration of botanical knowledge into therapeutic applications.

6) Asana (Ashana):
'Asana' refers to Terminalia tomentosa’s name in traditional contexts, especially Ayurveda, where it is recognized for its medicinal properties. The plant's various applications reflect its significance in local health practices and classical texts, showcasing cultural relevance in herbal medicine.

7) Tree:
'Tree' relates to Terminalia tomentosa, a large deciduous tree significant for its timber and medicinal use. Understanding its biological characteristics signifies the relevance of plant life in both ecological systems and its role in traditional and modern medicine.

8) Medicine:
'Medicines' signify substances used for disease prevention or treatment. The role of Terminalia tomentosa in Ayurvedic practices highlights its classification as a natural medicine, reinforcing the importance of herbal alternatives in contemporary healthcare.

9) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' refers to the study and effects of drugs on biological systems. The pharmacological activities of Terminalia tomentosa demonstrate its therapeutic value, as scientific investigations corroborate ancient knowledge with contemporary research in medicinal chemistry and pharmacognosy.

10) Pitta:
'Pitta' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing fire and metabolism. Terminalia tomentosa is referenced in Ayurvedic texts for balancing Pitta, particularly in addressing conditions associated with excess heat in the body, highlighting the importance of plant-based therapies in holistic health.

11) Blood:
'Blood' indicates the vital fluid circulating in the body, carrying nutrients and oxygen. Terminalia tomentosa has effects on blood-related disorders, evidenced by its traditional use in managing conditions such as Rakta-pitta, emphasizing the connection between plant medicine and hematological health.

12) Gana:
'Gana' refers to a group or classification in Ayurvedic medicine. Terminalia tomentosa is categorized under specific Gana groups for particular therapeutic uses, which highlights the systematic approach Ayurveda employs to organize and use plants based on their medicinal properties.

13) Flavonoid:
'Flavonoid,' referring to a specific class of flavonoids, indicates compounds with potential health benefits. The presence of flavonoids in Terminalia tomentosa underscores its utility in medicine, warranting further exploration into their specific impacts on human health and disease treatment.

14) Species:
'Species' signifies groups of living organisms capable of interbreeding. Terminalia tomentosa is a specific species within the Terminalia genus, highlighting the biodiversity and ecological significance of plant species in herbal medicine and the need for conservation.

15) Forest:
'The forest' contextually signifies the natural habitat of Terminalia tomentosa. This connection emphasizes the ecological role of such species in providing medicinal resources and reinforces the importance of environmental preservation for sustainable medicinal practices.

16) Genu:
'Genu' suggests a reference to 'genus' in some contexts. For Terminalia tomentosa, the classification within the Combretaceae family stresses the importance of scientific taxonomy in identifying plants for medicinal research, informing both traditional practices and modern pharmacology.

17) Hind:
'Hind' may refer to anatomical references such as the hind limb or its use in taxonomy. In the context of research, understanding hind limb responses in animal studies can reveal the effects of Terminalia tomentosa in alleviating convulsions and its broader implications in therapeutic efficacy.

18) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Similar to 'antibacterial', 'anti-bacterial' reaffirms Terminalia tomentosa's capacity to inhibit bacterial growth. Its traditional use in treating infections underscores the relevance of studying plant-extracted antimicrobials for contemporary therapeutic applications and infectious disease management.

19) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
'Burning' could refer to sensations reported in certain diseases. Terminalia tomentosa has applications in addressing burning sensations associated with conditions like fever or inflammation, demonstrating its utility in managing symptoms commonly experienced in various diseases.

20) Indian:
'Indian' pertains to the traditional practices from India. Terminalia tomentosa is widely used in Indian Ayurveda, showcasing the importance of indigenous knowledge in harnessing local flora for medicinal applications amidst global interest in herbal remedies.

21) Taila (Thaila):
'Taila' translates to oil in Ayurvedic terminology and signifies formulations. The role of Terminalia tomentosa in creating medicinal oils demonstrates traditional methods of harnessing plant properties for therapeutic purposes within Ayurvedic treatment protocols.

22) Fever:
'Fever' signifies an elevated body temperature, often a symptom of illness. Terminalia tomentosa is documented to treat fever in traditional medicine, showcasing its relevance in addressing common health issues and demonstrating the practical applications of herbal remedies.

23) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation describes discomfort seen in various health conditions. Treatments with Terminalia tomentosa highlight its traditional use in alleviating symptoms associated with burning sensations, demonstrating its therapeutic importance in varied pathological contexts.

24) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemicals' indicates the range of bioactive compounds found in plants like Terminalia tomentosa. Understanding phytochemicals’ role affirms the functional properties attributed to this plant, encouraging further investigation into its therapeutic potential in modern medicine.

25) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' describes the body's response to injury or infection. The anti-inflammatory properties of Terminalia tomentosa are highlighted in studies, affirming its role in managing inflammation-related conditions and reinforcing its traditional therapeutic significance.

26) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
'Rakta-pitta' refers to blood-related disorders in Ayurveda. Terminalia tomentosa's traditional use in managing Rakta-pitta emphasizes the plant's significance in addressing conditions that affect blood health and underscores its importance in health management practices.

27) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
'Dravyaguna' refers to the study of the properties and actions of medicinal substances in Ayurveda. The application of Terminalia tomentosa within this framework broadens understanding of its benefits, aligning traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacological research.

28) Crocodile:
'Crocodile' refers to one of the common names for Terminalia tomentosa, emphasizing its unique bark texture. Such names reflect cultural perceptions and practical uses of the plant in traditional medicine, linking botanical characteristics with ethnobotanical practices.

29) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' relates to loss of blood, often a significant medical concern. The uses of Terminalia tomentosa for treating bleeding disorders in Ayurvedic texts underscore its relevance in managing critical health issues associated with hemorrhages or other blood-related problems.

30) Incision:
'Incision' pertains to cutting into tissue, often for surgical intervention. Terminalia tomentosa has applications in wound healing models, showcasing its medicinal effects in accelerating recovery processes, which is pivotal in managing surgical procedures or injuries.

31) Prameha:
'Prameha' signifies urinary disorders in Ayurveda. The traditional use of Terminalia tomentosa in treating Prameha showcases its role in managing conditions that disrupt urinary health, reflecting the plant's broad applicability in wellness practices.

32) Kushtha (Kustha):
'Kustha' pertains to skin disorders in Ayurvedic terminology. The application of Terminalia tomentosa in treating Kustha highlights its legacy in managing dermatological conditions, affirming the plant's notable relevance in skin health therapies.

33) Family:
'Family' represents a biological classification grouping closely related plants. Terminalia tomentosa belongs to the Combretaceae family, reflecting intricate relationships among plant species, which are essential in understanding their collective characteristics and potential medicinal applications.

34) Rakta:
'Rakta' translates to blood in Sanskrit, indicating its importance in various health contexts. In treating Rakta-pitta, Terminalia tomentosa reinforces its significance in blood medicine and demonstrates the interconnectedness of Ayurvedic principles and botanical applications.

35) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
'Pandu' denotes pallor or anemia in Ayurvedic medicine. Terminalia tomentosa's utilization for treating Pandu showcases its significance in addressing blood-related deficiencies and reinforces the necessity of understanding traditional practices for anemia management.

36) India:
'India' denotes the region where Ayurvedic practices originated. Terminalia tomentosa is an integral part of Indian herbal medicine, showcasing the rich diversity of flora used for therapeutic purposes and its cultural significance across health traditions.

37) Ulcer:
'Ulcers' are sore lesions that can occur in various body regions. Terminalia tomentosa's historical use for managing ulcers demonstrates its significance in addressing chronic conditions associated with skin and digestive health.

38) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to the investigation of a subject to derive conclusions. The pharmacological studies on Terminalia tomentosa validate its traditional uses through scientific approaches, bridging the gap between ancient practices and modern research methodologies.

39) Post:
'Post' may refer to the analysis or results after conducting the studies. The insights gained from research on Terminalia tomentosa exemplify ongoing efforts to validate traditional medicine through empirical investigation and scientific scrutiny.

40) Southern India:
'Southern India' refers to the geographical region where Terminalia tomentosa thrives. Its widespread use in this region reflects the plant’s cultural significance and its integration into local health traditions, highlighting regional herbal practices.

41) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the science of drugs, including their actions, effects, and uses. The pharmacological activities of Terminalia tomentosa highlight the importance of research in validating traditional medicinal claims through scientific inquiry and clinical evaluation.

42) Urustambha (Uru-stambha):
'Urustambha' signifies stiffness in thigh muscles in Ayurveda. The use of Terminalia tomentosa in alleviating Urustambha reaffirms the plant’s traditional roles in musculoskeletal health, linking historical remedies to contemporary understanding of herbal therapy.

43) Panduroga (Pandu-roga, Pamduroga):
'Pandu-roga' refers to a state of pallor or anemia in Ayurveda. The traditional application of Terminalia tomentosa in treating Pandu-roga emphasizes its significance in addressing blood health disorders within Ayurvedic practices.

44) Leucoderma:
'Leucoderma' is a skin condition characterized by loss of skin pigmentation. The mention of Terminalia tomentosa in treating Leucoderma highlights its potential in managing dermatological issues, underscoring the relevance of traditional remedies in modern skincare systems.

45) Science (Scientific):
'Science' pertains to the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation. The scientific validation of Terminalia tomentosa’s therapeutic properties illustrates the intersection of ancient wisdom and modern research methodologies, confirming its effectiveness through empirical evidence.

46) Stiffness:
'Stiffness' describes a lack of flexibility in muscles or joints. The role of Terminalia tomentosa in alleviating stiffness in conditions demonstrates its traditional use for enhancing mobility and joint health, linking past healing practices to current therapeutic strategies.

47) Epidemic:
'Epidemic' indicates a sudden spike in disease incidence within a community. The ongoing search for traditional remedies including Terminalia tomentosa indicates the vital role of such plants in managing health crises and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.

48) Haritaki:
'Haritaki' refers to another traditionally used Ayurvedic herb often mentioned alongside Terminalia tomentosa's applications. The combination of complementary herbs in treatment showcases the holistic approach of integrating multiple plant medicines for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

49) Gujarati:
'Gujarati' pertains to the cultural and linguistic community in India. The regional use of Terminalia tomentosa in Ayurvedic practices within Gujarat highlights local knowledge of herbal medicine and its importance in addressing specific health concerns endemic to the region.

50) Shleshma (Slesma):
'Shleshma' signifies the Kapha dosha representing water and earth elements in Ayurveda. Terminalia tomentosa's role in balancing Shleshma underscores its relevance in managing conditions associated with excess Kapha, demonstrating the intricate connections between traditional medicine and elemental theories.

51) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' refers to the degree to which a substance can damage an organism. The evaluation of Terminalia tomentosa's safety profiles emphasizes the importance of assessing herbal products to ensure they are safe for consumption and therapeutic use.

52) Vitiation (Vitiated):
'Vitiated' describes a state of imbalance in the body according to Ayurvedic principles. The references to Terminalia tomentosa highlight its use in correcting vitiated conditions, reflecting the holistic objectives of Ayurvedic practices in restoring equilibrium.

53) Sanskrit:
'Sanskrit' is the classical language of ancient Indian literature. The references to Terminalia tomentosa in Sanskrit texts underscore the legacy of traditional knowledge preserved in sacred texts, reinforcing the continuity of herbal medicine in contemporary health practices.

54) Samhita:
'Samhita' refers to the compilation of ancient Indian texts detailing various aspects of Ayurveda. The mention of Terminalia tomentosa in these texts illustrates the historical documentation of its therapeutic uses, linking past wisdom to ongoing research.

55) Guggulu:
'Guggulu' refers to a resin from the Commiphora mukul tree used in Ayurveda. Its association with Terminalia tomentosa in formulations demonstrates the practice of combining various herbs to enhance therapeutic efficacy in traditional medicine.

56) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
'Hridaya' refers to the heart in Ayurvedic texts. The relevance of Terminalia tomentosa's use in addressing heart-related issues reflects its broader applications in promoting cardiovascular health and well-being through traditional herbal practices.

57) Vriksha (Vrksa):
'Vriksha' means 'tree' in Sanskrit, linking to Terminalia tomentosa's classification. This term emphasizes the cultural and medicinal significance of trees in Ayurveda and the importance of preserving such species for their diverse uses.

58) Marathi:
'Marathi' relates to the language and culture of the Maharashtra state in India. The inclusion of Terminalia tomentosa in Marathi health traditions reflects the diversity of regional practices and the local knowledge surrounding herbal medicine.

59) Kannada:
'Kannada' pertains to the language spoken in Karnataka, India. The knowledge and use of Terminalia tomentosa in Kannada medicinal traditions indicate the regional appreciation for herbal remedies, contributing to the plant's broader acceptance in Ayurveda.

60) Lucknow:
'Lucknow' denotes a significant city in India known for its rich cultural and educational heritage. The association of Terminalia tomentosa with institutions and research centers in Lucknow highlights the city's role in advancing herbal research and traditional medicine.

61) Palitya:
'Palitya' refers to the Ayurvedic term for premature greying of hair. The mention of Terminalia tomentosa's use against Palitya reinforces its significance in traditional beauty and wellness practices, tying health to aesthetics in Ayurvedic principles.

62) Bengali:
'Bengali' relates to the culture and language of Bengal, India, where Terminalia tomentosa may be traditionally used. This highlights the regional variations in herbal practices, showcasing the plant’s importance across diverse Indian cultures.

63) Mineral:
'Mineral' refers to inorganic substances essential for various bodily functions. The study of Terminalia tomentosa may involve its mineral content, revealing the plant’s role in facilitating health through providing essential nutrients necessary for physiological processes.

64) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' signifies practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease. Terminalia tomentosa's uses in oral hygiene (as a toothbrush) highlight traditional approaches to health that incorporate natural remedies into daily wellness practices.

65) Animal:
'Animal' refers to living organisms used in research to study biological processes and treatment efficacy. Terminalia tomentosa's effects on animals in experimental trials validate its importance in assessing the therapeutic potential and safety of herbal medicines.

66) Mishra (Misra):
'Mishra' refers to one of the authors contributing to the research on Terminalia tomentosa. The collaboration of researchers underscores the importance of scholarly contribution in advancing knowledge regarding traditional medicinal plants.

67) Rajput:
'Rajput' signifies another author involved in the study. The inclusion of multiple authors highlights the collaborative efforts and diverse expertise in conducting research on the medicinal qualities of Terminalia tomentosa.

68) Aureus:
'Aureus' refers to Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the bacteria tested against Terminalia tomentosa. Understanding its antibacterial properties against pathogens like aureus indicates the plant's relevance in developing natural antimicrobial therapies.

69) Cancer:
'Cancer' represents a significant health concern characterized by abnormal cell growth. The documented anti-cancer properties of Terminalia tomentosa reinforce the importance of studying its phytochemical constituents to explore potential cancer therapies derived from traditional medicine.

70) Bitter:
'Bitter' describes a taste profile associated with certain medicinal plants. The bitterness of Terminalia tomentosa indicates its potential efficacy in stimulating digestive processes and may correlate with its therapeutic applications for gastrointestinal health.

71) Edema (Oedema):
'Edema' describes swelling due to fluid retention. Terminalia tomentosa’s anti-inflammatory effects indicate its role in addressing edema, further establishing its therapeutic relevance in managing symptoms related to various inflammatory conditions.

72) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
'Sharma' refers to an author conducting investigations into the properties of Terminalia tomentosa. The involvement of researchers like Sharma highlights the academic contributions that enhance understanding of traditional herbal remedies through scientific inquiry.

73) Reason:
'Reason' pertains to the justification for using Terminalia tomentosa in traditional and modern contexts. Its therapeutic efficacy and cultural significance provide compelling reasons to explore its potential in treating various health conditions.

74) Timber:
'Timber' denotes the wood from trees. Terminalia tomentosa's value extends beyond its medicinal properties, as it is also utilized for timber, showcasing the multifaceted benefits of harvesting this tree sustainably.

75) Powder:
'Powder' generally refers to a finely ground substance. The powdered form of Terminalia tomentosa's parts, such as bark or leaves, can be used in various preparations, illustrating its versatility in making herbal formulations.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 93]

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Therapeutic potential of terminalia tomentosa hyne ex. roth.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Ayurveda, Skin disease, Traditional medicine, Herbal medicine, Therapeutic use, Pharmacological properties, Chemical composition, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-inflammatory activities, Therapeutic potential, Wound healing activity, Traditional healer, Immunomodulatory activity, Antioxidant property, Hypoglycemic activity, Disease management, Anti-epileptic activity, Classical text, Ethnopharmacology, Antibacterial property, Biological activities, Health issue, Plant Extract, Cardiotonic, Anti-diabetic action, Deciduous forest, Phytoconstituent, Local health tradition.

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Decoction of bark.

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