Natural chromene andamp; its pharmacological review

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Natural chromene & its pharmacological review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Adesh S. Wankhade, Ashish D. Gadge, Dr. Aijaz A. Sheikh and Dr. K. R. Biyani


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Natural chromene & its pharmacological review

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30598


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Chromene, also known as Benzopyran, is a heterocyclic compound that plays an essential role in various natural products and has garnered significant attention due to its diverse pharmacological activities. This review highlights the significant medicinal properties of natural Chromenes, including their presence in various plant species. Chromenes, found in natural products like flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit a range of bioactivities, making them potential candidates for therapeutic applications in various medical fields.

Anticancer Properties of Chromenes

One of the most noteworthy aspects of Chromenes is their anticancer potential. Numerous studies have demonstrated that several natural Chromene derivatives possess considerable anticancer activities, showcasing the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Compounds such as Tephrosin, Acronycine, and Calanone have been identified as effective against different types of cancers, including lung, cervical, and leukemia. The ability of these compounds to inhibit tubulin polymerization positions them as significant candidates for developing new anti-cancer treatments, emphasizing the importance of further exploration into Chromenes’ therapeutic roles in oncology.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Chromenes

In addition to their anticancer properties, Chromenes have also been recognized for their anti-inflammatory activities. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including asthma, arthritis, and cancer. Certain Chromene derivatives, identified as selective COX-2 inhibitors, exhibit higher potency and efficacy compared to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This characteristic highlights their potential for therapeutic use in managing inflammatory conditions, as these compounds can inhibit inflammatory responses by targeting key pathways and biological processes involved in inflammation.

Antimicrobial and Antiepileptic Activities

The antimicrobial nature of Chromenes is another significant attribute, as they demonstrate effectiveness against a range of microorganisms. Studies have highlighted that Chromene derivatives can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making them candidates for antibiotic development. Furthermore, their potential as antiepileptic agents has been explored, with findings indicating that specific substitutions on the Chromene structure can enhance antiepileptic activities. The exploration of their neuroprotective properties offers a promising avenue for developing safer and more effective treatments for epilepsy.

Conclusion

In summary, natural Chromenes represent a diverse group of compounds with significant pharmacological potential, particularly in the realms of oncology, anti-inflammatory treatments, antimicrobial applications, and neurological disorders. Their complex structures give rise to a variety of biological activities that warrant extensive research and development. As scientists continue to explore the biochemical pathways involved and the structural modifications possible, Chromenes might provide new therapeutic options for treating numerous health conditions, emphasizing their importance in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are chromenes and their natural occurrences?

Chromen (Benzopyran) are oxygen-containing heterocycles found in nature. They occur in various natural compounds such as flavonoids, flavanones, and essential oils from plants like cinnamon and lavender.

What pharmacological activities are associated with natural chromenes?

Natural chromenes exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. They also serve functions as protein kinase inhibitors and exhibit potential antiviral and antitubercular activities.

What is the significance of chromenes in cancer treatment?

Chromene derivatives have shown promising anticancer activities, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Compounds like Tephrosin and Acronycine have been studied for their ability to target and combat various types of cancer.

How do chromenes act as anti-inflammatory agents?

Chromenes can serve as COX-2 selective inhibitors, providing anti-inflammatory effects. They have been recognized for their potential in treating chronic inflammatory conditions and exhibit efficacy in reducing inflammation-related symptoms.

What role do chromenes play in antimicrobial activity?

Chromenes are effective against various microorganisms. Compounds derived from chromenes have been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial properties against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

How are chromenes utilized in antiepileptic therapies?

Chromene derivatives have shown potential as antiepileptic agents. Studies indicate that specific substitutions on the chromene structure increase their effectiveness and reduce neurotoxicity compared to traditional antiepileptic drugs.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Natural chromene andamp; its pharmacological review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
Activity in the context of pharmacology refers to the biological effects and therapeutic potentials exhibited by compounds, particularly those derived from natural sources like chromenes. The specific activity of these compounds can correspond to their ability to inhibit diseases or alleviate symptoms, making them significant in medical research and development.

2) Cancer:
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division, leading to malignant growths. The relevance of cancer in pharmacological studies is paramount, as compounds like chromenes are evaluated for their anticancer properties. Understanding their mechanism of action can advance treatments and potentially lead to novel therapies to combat various cancer types.

3) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's protective response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation is associated with numerous medical conditions, including arthritis and cancer. Chromenes are researched for their anti-inflammatory properties, serving as potential treatments to alleviate symptoms and improve patient quality of life by targeting inflammation pathways.

4) Disease:
Diseases refer to a broad spectrum of health disorders affecting individuals and populations. The investigation of chromenes' pharmacological properties may offer insights into treating various diseases, as their diverse activities such as antibacterial and anticancer effects could provide alternative therapies for unmet medical needs.

5) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting primarily the lungs. The exploration of chromenes for their antitubercular properties could lead to new therapeutic agents capable of combating this persistent and virulent disease, which remains a significant global health challenge.

6) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. Chromenes exemplify pharmacological relevance due to their diverse activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Research in this field focuses on understanding and harnessing these compounds for therapeutic use.

7) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial pertains to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The investigation of chromenes for antibacterial activity is crucial, especially in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. Identifying and developing new antibacterial agents can have significant implications for treating bacterial infections.

8) Flavonoid:
A flavonoid is a specific type of flavonoid compound recognized for its health benefits. The study of flavonoids contributes to understanding how these compounds support the pharmacological effectiveness of chromenes. Their antioxidant properties are explored for potential roles in disease prevention, especially in chronic inflammatory conditions.

9) Cannabis:
Cannabis is a plant known for its psychoactive properties and rich chemical composition, including cannabinoids like cannabichromene. Research into cannabis focuses on its pharmacological potential, particularly in managing pain and inflammation. Understanding how its components affect health can yield new therapeutic avenues.

10) Drug:
A drug is a single substance that produces a biological effect. Chromenes can function as drugs with the potential to mitigate diseases or symptoms. Research on their action helps refine existing therapeutic approaches and may lead to the synthesis of more effective drugs.

11) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, a plant species known for its medicinal properties, contains chromene derivatives that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. The significance of studying this species lies in its potential contributions to pharmacotherapy, where its extracts could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents against inflammation-related conditions.

12) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with biological systems. Researching chromenes falls within this field, as pharmacological studies determine the efficacy and safety of these compounds for potential therapeutic use, especially in targeting diseases and understanding drug mechanisms.

13) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India known for its diverse flora, which includes many medicinal plants containing valuable compounds like chromenes. The geographical and cultural context of Maharashtra plays a vital role in the exploration and utilization of these plants in traditional and modern medicine.

14) Fish:
Fish, particularly certain species, are sources of natural compounds with pharmacological potential, including chromenes. The study of fish-derived compounds may uncover valuable therapeutic properties that could contribute to anticancer or antimicrobial research, highlighting the interconnectedness of nutrition and health.

15) Viru:
The term 'Viru' does not have a direct reference in the provided text. Contextually, it may refer to a type of creature or concept related to biological studies. Identifying relevant species or terms would depend on specific research contexts regarding pharmacological activities.

16) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by chronic inflammation in the joints. Investigating chromenes for their anti-inflammatory properties could reveal therapeutic options for managing rheumatoid arthritis, providing alternative treatments to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.

17) Fish poison (Fish venom):
Fish poison refers to natural toxic compounds found in certain fish species, which may have potential therapeutic benefits when isolated. Exploring such compounds can lead to new drug discoveries, especially in the context of anticancer or antimicrobial pharmacology where their bioactivity can be harnessed.

18) Forest:
The forest ecosystem provides a rich resource for medicinal plants that contain bioactive compounds. Research into forest-derived chromenes emphasizes the environmental significance and potential health benefits of biodiversity, inspiring discoveries in natural product pharmacology.

19) Study (Studying):
Study emphasizes structured exploration of scientific questions. In pharmacology, research on chromenes involves a thorough analysis of their therapeutic effects and potential uses across various medical conditions, contributing to knowledge that can benefit clinical practices.

20) Irritation:
Irritation is an inflammatory response that can lead to chronic conditions. Researching chromenes for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties may offer insights into managing irritation-related issues by alleviating discomfort and promoting healing processes.

21) Substance:
A substance is a specific form of matter with distinct properties. In pharmacology, substances like chromenes and their derivatives are analyzed for their therapeutic effects. Understanding these compounds' structure-activity relationships is crucial in developing effective treatments.

22) Cinnamon:
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the bark of trees in the Cinnamomum genus, containing natural compounds that may exhibit chromene characteristics. Its use in traditional medicine underscores the relevance of exploring natural products for health benefits and potential therapeutic effects.

23) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. The exploration of chromenes for antiepileptic properties is significant as new treatments can help manage symptoms, offering hope for individuals affected by the condition and potentially improving their quality of life.

24) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of something, which in pharmacology translates to the efficacy and safety of drugs. Research on the quality of chromenes focuses on ensuring that derived compounds meet therapeutic standards, which is essential for regulatory approval and clinical use.

25) Species:
Species denote distinct organisms classified in biological taxonomy. Understanding unique plant and animal species is crucial in pharmacological research, particularly in identifying new sources of natural compounds like chromenes that may lead to innovative medical therapies.

26) Aureus:
Aureus refers specifically to Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic bacteria responsible for various infections. The antibacterial properties of chromenes against Staphylococcus aureus highlight the potential for these compounds to provide new treatment options for bacterial infections, especially in an era of antibiotic resistance.

27) Nature:
Nature encompasses the physical world and its phenomena. The relevance of nature in pharmacology lies in the exploration of natural compounds, such as chromenes, which are harnessed for therapeutic use, showcasing the intersection of wellness and ecological preservation.

28) Field:
Field denotes a specific area of study or practice. In pharmacology, the field encompasses the investigation and development of drugs, including chromenes, understanding their interaction with biological systems and their therapeutic potentials.

29) Patil:
Patil likely refers to an author or researcher whose work is relevant in pharmacological studies. Their contributions could emphasize the synthesis and testing of chromene derivatives, fostering advancements in drug development and therapeutic understanding.

30) Death:
Death signifies the cessation of biological functions that sustain life. In the context of pharmacology, understanding the mechanisms leading to diseases that may result in death motivates research into effective treatments, with chromenes being potential candidates to counter fatal diseases.

31) Tree:
Tree refers to a perennial plant that can provide natural sources of medicinal compounds. Many pharmacologically active substances, including chromenes, are derived from trees, emphasizing the importance of plant biodiversity in discovering new treatments.

32) Line:
Line in this context could refer to the lineage or source of derivatives used in pharmacological studies. Establishing a line of compounds highlights their potential as novel drugs, particularly those derived from natural products like chromenes.

33) Pain:
Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience often associated with tissue damage or injury. The exploration of chromenes for analgesic properties is relevant in developing new pain management therapies to enhance patient quality of life and improve treatment options.

34) Life:
Life refers to the condition that distinguishes living organisms. In pharmacology, the study of compounds such as chromenes aims to enhance life quality through effective treatments for diseases, highlighting the interplay between science and health.

Other Science Concepts:

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Tuberculosis, Inflammation, Pharmacological properties, Chronic inflammation, Antimicrobial activity, Antiepileptic activity, Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial agent, Antiviral activity, Anti-inflammatory agent, Antioxidant, Estrogenic activity, Cell membrane, Analgesic, Structural Components, Antibacterial agent, Vitamin E, Herbal plant, Natural compound, Anticonvulsant, Anti-cancer agent, Selective estrogen receptor modulator.

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