Herbal ointment formulation and evaluation of Acalypha indica extract.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment of ethanolic extract of acalypha indica linn.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

M. Sakthivel, M. Mohamed Halith, K. Siva, R. Sivaguru, R. Sivasankari, R. Srikanth and L. Sriram


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment of ethanolic extract of acalypha indica linn.

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30857

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Acalypha indica, commonly known as the Indian acalypha, is a significant medicinal plant widely used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine to manage various health conditions. This herb belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and has demonstrated a range of therapeutic properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal ointment using the ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica leaves, particularly emphasizing its wound healing potential and antibacterial effectiveness.

Wound Healing Properties of Acalypha indica

Acalypha indica is recognized for its wound healing capabilities, which is primarily attributed to its phytochemical composition that includes flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. These compounds possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making the plant suitable for treating skin infections caused by various pathogens. The study highlights the formulation of an ointment utilizing methanolic extracts of Acalypha indica, aiming to validate its traditional claims in promoting wound healing. The preparation of the ointment ensures prolonged contact with the skin, optimizing therapeutic effects.

Methodology in Extract Preparation and Ointment Formulation

The extraction of Acalypha indica leaves was performed using a maceration technique with increasing polarity solvents (90% ethanol), followed by the formulation of the herbal ointment. The herbal preparations were evaluated based on their physical properties, including consistency, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and non-irritancy. Rigorous testing confirmed the ointment's stability and uniform distribution of ingredients, essential for effective therapeutic application. The study utilized a structured approach to ensure high-quality formulation capable of delivering the desired dermatological benefits.

Evaluation of Herbal Ointment Properties

The formulated herbal ointment was subjected to various evaluations to assess its physicochemical properties, including color, odor, pH, spreadability, and solubility. The findings indicated that the ointment possessed a pale green color, characteristic odor, smooth texture, and pH levels suitable for skin application. Spreadability tests demonstrated that the ointment could be easily applied, which fosters user compliance. The study concluded that Acalypha indica extract retains its biological activities, contributing positively to the formulation's effectiveness in wound healing and its antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion

The study successfully formulated a herbal ointment from Acalypha indica with demonstrated quality and potential therapeutic benefits. Its acceptable physicochemical properties, combined with effective wound healing and antimicrobial activities, suggest that this ointment could serve as a beneficial treatment for various skin ailments. The results advocate the use of traditional medicine practices while providing a scientifically backed product that addresses skin health issues effectively. This herbal formulation aligns with the growing interest in natural remedies and could pave the way for developing safe and effective skincare products.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Acalypha indica and its significance in traditional medicine?

Acalypha indica, commonly known as Indian acalypha, is a medicinal herb used in Ayurveda and Siddha for various ailments, boasting analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.

What was the main focus of the study on Acalypha indica?

The study aimed to investigate the wound healing properties of the ethanol leaf extract of Acalypha indica, specifically by formulating it into a topical ointment for effective antibacterial activity.

How was the Acalypha indica extract prepared for the ointment?

The leaves were macerated in 90% ethanol for several days, filtered, and concentrated to obtain a blackish-green residue that was then used in ointment formulation.

What were the key physical properties evaluated for the herbal ointment?

The herbal ointment was assessed for color, odor, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and consistency, demonstrating favorable characteristics for effective application on the skin.

What conclusion was drawn regarding the formulated herbal ointment?

The study concluded that the Acalypha indica ointment exhibited satisfactory characteristics with good antimicrobial activity, suggesting its potential use in treating skin injuries.

What are some benefits of using Acalypha indica in herbal preparations?

Acalypha indica offers various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, making it valuable for skin treatments and other medicinal applications.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Herbal ointment formulation and evaluation of Acalypha indica extract.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the pharmacological effects exhibited by Acalypha indica, such as its wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Understanding these activities is crucial for establishing the medicinal value and therapeutic potential of herbal formulations and supports the rationale for their use in treating various ailments.

2) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in pharmaceutical preparations, including the extraction processes utilized for herbal components such as Acalypha indica. The study highlights its role in the extract preparation and formulation, indicating that the solubility and efficacy of active constituents often rely on their interactions with water during extraction.

3) Study (Studying):
The phrase 'the study' specifically refers to the research conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and formulation of a herbal ointment containing the ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica. It encapsulates the methodology, results, and implications that emerge from the investigation into the plant's medicinal potential.

4) Table:
In the context of the research, 'table' signifies the organized presentation of data related to formulation composition, evaluation parameters, and physical properties of the herbal ointments. Tables facilitate clarity and ease of comparison, allowing readers to quickly comprehend essential results and findings relevant to the study.

5) Indian:
The term 'Indian' relates to the geographical and cultural origin of Acalypha indica, a plant traditionally utilized in Indian systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Siddha. Its relevance emphasizes the significance of regional flora in developing herbal remedies and supports the study’s focus on traditional medicinal practices.

6) Neem:
Neem is a well-known medicinal plant often included in formulations for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In the study, it serves as a complementary ingredient, enhancing the therapeutic profile of the ointment alongside Acalypha indica, creating a combined effect on wound healing and skin health.

7) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial is synonymous with antibacterial, describing substances or formulations that inhibit bacterial growth. This property is a key focus of the study on Acalypha indica, emphasizing its therapeutic applications in treating infections, highlighting the plant's relevance in the context of traditional and modern medicine.

8) Perambalur:
Perambalur is the location where Acalypha indica leaves were collected for the study. This geographical context underlines the local flora's significance and the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific inquiry, linking the plant's use in the region to its studied pharmacological attributes.

9) Turmeric:
Turmeric is another herbal component known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Including it in the formulation alongside Acalypha indica enhances the ointment's therapeutic potential, illustrating the collaborative effects of multiple herbal ingredients and supporting the investigation of efficacy against skin conditions.

10) India:
India is the country where the study and the application of Acalypha indica take place. Its rich biodiversity and longstanding traditions in herbal medicine provide a substantial foundation for studying plants with pharmacological properties, emphasizing the importance of cultural practices in healing and wellness.

11) Pharmacological:
The term 'pharmacological' pertains to the science of drugs and their effects on biological systems. In the context of the study, it emphasizes the investigation of the medicinal properties of Acalypha indica and the extracts used in formulations, highlighting the scientific aspects of efficacy, dosing, and safety.

12) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response often targeted by herbal formulations due to its role in various diseases and discomforts. Acalypha indica's anti-inflammatory properties make it a key focus in the study, demonstrating its potential effectiveness in treating conditions where inflammation is a significant concern.

13) Container:
A 'container' refers to the vessel used to hold the prepared ointment. The choice of container influences the stability and usability of the product, emphasizing important considerations for pharmaceutical formulation, such as material compatibility and protection of the ointment from environmental factors.

14) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities and characteristics of Acalypha indica as a medicinal plant. Its biological and chemical properties underpin the research area's focus, supporting the connection between natural products and their therapeutic utility, emphasizing a broad understanding of plant-based treatments.

15) Powder:
Powder signifies the form of the Acalypha indica leaves after drying and grinding, prior to extraction. This physical state is crucial for maximizing the extraction of active constituents, underscoring the importance of preparation techniques in herbal medicine and the effectiveness of the final product.

16) Shiva (Siva):
Siva, presumably a researcher or contributor involved in the study, represents the collaborative effort of multiple authors or scientists in conducting the research. This individual may have played a role in formulation development, evaluation, or contributions to the theoretical framework surrounding Acalypha indica.

17) Drug:
The term 'drug' pertains to any substance used for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease. In this study, the focus is on the herbal ointment as a drug formulation derived from Acalypha indica, evaluating its properties and potential application in therapeutic settings.

18) Dish (Dis):
A 'dish' refers to the laboratory equipment used to prepare and assess the ointment or extract. Proper laboratory practices necessitate the use of suitable dishes for containing materials during experiments, ensuring accuracy in measurements and procedures applicable to pharmaceutical formulations.

19) Family:
The term 'family' relates to the biological classification of Acalypha indica. Identifying its familial ties provides insight into its related species and their characteristics, helping to contextualize the plant's medicinal use within a broader spectrum of ethnobotanical knowledge.

20) New Delhi:
New Delhi signifies the capital city of India, potentially indicating a research or administrative connection to the national institutions overseeing health and herbal medicine. Its relevance emphasizes the institutional framework that supports the study and application of traditional medicines in contemporary healthcare.

21) Hand:
Hand signifies both the anatomical site for applying the herbal ointment during testing for safety and the manual aspect of preparing and administering treatments. This term encapsulates the practical implications of research and the human element in herbal healthcare applications.

22) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to any bioactive compound derived from plants. This term underlines the focus of the study on identifying and characterizing these compounds in Acalypha indica and their implications for therapeutic applications, linking traditional knowledge with modern scientific investigations.

23) Observation:
Observation is a fundamental aspect of scientific research, referring to the careful examination and evaluation of experimental results. In this study, observations related to the formulation properties and clinical assessments contribute to validating the effectiveness of the herbal ointment derived from Acalypha indica.

24) Discussion:
Discussion denotes the section of the study where findings are interpreted, explored, and linked to existing literature. This important phase allows researchers to contextualize their results, contrast them with previous research, and propose implications for future studies and practical applications.

25) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the methodical approach applied in the study, emphasizing experimentation and validation of claims regarding Acalypha indica. The relevance of a scientific framework highlights the importance of empirical evidence in supporting traditional herbal remedies with modern research methodologies.

26) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid refers to an individual compound within the broader class of flavonoids. The presence of specific flavonoids in Acalypha indica underlines the importance of identifying and studying these compounds for their potential therapeutic applications and benefits in skin health and disease management.

27) Suffering:
Suffering relates to the health conditions experienced by individuals that may be alleviated through the application of the studied herbal remedy. The research focuses on addressing various skin diseases and infections, aiming to develop effective treatment options for those affected.

28) Panduranga (Pandurang, Pandu-ranga, Pamduramga):
Pandurang is presumably a researcher or author contributing to the study, representing the collaborative efforts in herbal research. This individual's involvement highlights the multidisciplinary aspects of scientific inquiry into traditional medicine, showcasing the importance of diverse expertise in deriving meaningful outcomes.

29) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medical system that emphasizes holistic healing through natural remedies and lifestyle practices. The relevance of Ayurveda in the study underscores the traditional usage of Acalypha indica, providing a context for exploring its medicinal properties and roles in contemporary health practices.

30) Disease:
Disease concerns any deviation from health that may be treated using medicinal interventions. The research on Acalypha indica directly addresses various skin diseases, framing its potential benefits within the context of providing solutions for health issues prevalent in society.

31) Company:
Company pertains to the manufacturers or suppliers of the ingredients used in the formulation process. Acknowledging reputable companies in the study emphasizes quality control, ensuring that the raw materials meet standards necessary for effective medicinal preparations.

32) Siddha:
Siddha is a traditional South Indian system of medicine that uses natural herbs and minerals for healing. Its mention in the study enriches the perspective on Acalypha indica, as the plant is utilized within both Ayurveda and Siddha systems, highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of herbal medicine.

33) Sharad (Sarad):
Sharad may refer to a researcher involved in the study, representing teamwork in exploring the properties of Acalypha indica. The inclusion of various contributors reflects the collaborative spirit in scientific research, pointing toward the importance of collective expertise to advance understanding of herbal remedies.

34) Trichy:
Trichy is a city in India where the botanical authentication of the Acalypha indica plant occurred. This geographical detail enhances the study's credibility, linking local practices and knowledge of plant use with scientific investigation, underlining the need for thorough validation in research.

35) Filling (Filled):
Filled pertains to the process of loading the ointment into containers for preservation and use. This aspect underscores the importance of proper packaging to maintain the integrity and usability of the formulation, ensuring its therapeutic benefits upon application.

36) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, essential in understanding the characteristics, classifications, and uses of Acalypha indica. The reference to botany highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the research, linking traditional herbal practices with contemporary scientific exploration.

37) House:
House, in this context, likely refers to the domestic settings where local medicinal plants, like Acalypha indica, are utilized. This term highlights the relationship between home remedies and traditional knowledge, grounding the study within practical and familiar usage scenarios.

38) Field:
Field indicates the broad area of study concerning herbal medicine and the practical applications of plants like Acalypha indica in treatment protocols. This term encapsulates the real-world significance of research in understanding herbal efficacy and its role in public health.

39) Gupta:
Gupta may refer to a notable author or researcher contributing to the literature regarding Acalypha indica or related fields. Recognizing such figures emphasizes the academic collaboration that enriches the study's background and situates current research within a broader scientific dialogue.

40) Delhi:
Delhi signifies the political and cultural center of India, where significant governmental and academic institutions reside. Its mention may imply a connection to policy-making or research collaboration that supports the integration of traditional medicine within modern healthcare frameworks.

41) Kadam:
Kadam likely refers to a contributor to the study, illustrating the collaborative research effort involved in studying Acalypha indica. This individual’s input reflects the diverse expertise brought together to enhance understanding of herbal formulations and their applications.

42) Glass:
Glass pertains to the material used in laboratory equipment, such as Petri dishes and beakers, for formulating and evaluating samples. The use of glassware emphasizes the importance of clean and inert surfaces in chemical handling and accurate experimental procedures.

43) Ulcer:
Ulcer denotes a specific type of medical condition often treated through herbal remedies. The mention of ulcers in the study links Acalypha indica's potential healing properties to particular pathological conditions, illustrating the scope of traditional remedies in addressing diverse health issues.

44) Worm:
Worm relates to parasitic organisms that can affect human health, indicating a potential application of Acalypha indica in treating conditions caused by such parasites. The study's inclusion of such contexts reflects the multifaceted uses of the plant in traditional medicine.

45) Raja:
Raja may refer to a collaborator or researcher involved in the study on Acalypha indica. Recognizing key contributors highlights the collaborative nature of scientific work, emphasizing the importance of various perspectives in understanding and enhancing plant-based medicinal applications.

46) Wool:
Wool refers to one of the ingredients needed for preparing the ointment base. Its inclusion signifies the importance of different materials in creating effective topical formulations, showcasing the multi-faceted approach necessary in pharmaceutical preparation and the art of formulation design.

47) Shana (Sana):
Sana likely refers to a collaborator or researcher associated with the study, reinforcing the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry. Recognizing individuals involved emphasizes the multidisciplinary effort required in successfully executing a comprehensive study on herbal medicine.

48) Ship:
Ship may refer to the logistical aspect of transporting needed materials for the research, or possibly illustrating the concepts of exploration and discovery in herbal studies. Highlighting shipping logistics reflects the real-world implications and necessities in conducting thorough and accessible research.

49) Life:
Life represents the broader context of health and wellness that the study aims to contribute to. By exploring Acalypha indica's properties, the research addresses significant health challenges and strives to enhance the quality of life for those relying on natural remedies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Herbal ointment formulation and evaluation of Acalypha indica extract.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Acalypha indica, Phytochemical, Physical properties, Anti-inflammatory property, Ethanolic extract, Wound Healing Property, Anti-diabetic Property, Diuretic activity, Antibacterial property, PH measurement, Maceration process, FTIR Analysis, Spreadability, Characteristic odour, Spreadability test, Herbal ointment, Maximum absorbance, Plant sample, Ethanol leaf extract, Anti-oxidant property, Ointment base, Anti bacterial property.

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