Pharmacognostical study of Homonoia riparia: a pashanabheda source.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacognostical study of root of homonoia riparia lour. – a potent source of pashanabheda
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Dr. Vinutha G. M. (BAMS), Dr. Sanjaya K. S. BSc BAMS MD (Ayu), Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Pharmacognostical study of root of homonoia riparia lour. – a potent source of pashanabheda
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30804
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Dr. Vinutha G. M. and colleagues investigates the pharmacognostical properties of the root of Homonoia riparia Lour, a plant recognized for its potential therapeutic applications in treating urinary stones, commonly referred to as Ashmari in Ayurvedic medicine. This plant is highlighted as a locally available medicinal resource and has been cited in traditional literature as a source of Pashanabheda, which denotes its efficacy in breaking down urinary stones. The research aims to establish standardized pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters for the root of this plant, contributing to its classification and potential therapeutic usage.
Pharmacognostical Characteristics
The pharmacognostical examination of Homonoia riparia roots revealed distinct macroscopical and microscopical features. The root's exterior was notably brown, while the interior exhibited a creamish to white hue when fresh. Microscopic analysis showed a transverse section that was circular and displayed secondary growth, with a well-defined cortex containing sclereids. The vascular architecture was radial, and the stelar region included cambium. Starch grains and clusters of calcium oxalate crystals were observed within the cell structure, indicating the plant's biochemical complexity. The detailed anatomical insights provide a foundation for further exploration of its medicinal attributes.
Physicochemical Analysis
The physicochemical evaluation indicated that the root of Homonoia riparia contained several important extractive compounds. The study reported 31.324% of water-soluble extractives and 15.75% of alcohol-soluble extractives, which highlighted the plant's richness in hydrophilic components such as flavonoids and glycosides. Further analysis showed that the root's total ash content was 6.831%, suggesting a substantial inorganic component. The pH of a 10% aqueous solution was measured at 6.23, indicating a slightly acidic nature. These findings are crucial as they suggest the presence of various bioactive compounds that may contribute to the root's medicinal properties.
Phytochemical Composition
In addition to the quantitative analysis, qualitative phytochemical tests revealed that both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Homonoia riparia were rich in carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. Interestingly, alkaloids were identified only in the alcoholic extract. This differential presence emphasizes the varying solubility of bioactive constituents based on the extraction method utilized. The findings from these phytochemical tests provide a basis for understanding the biological activities associated with this plant and its applications in herbal medicine.
Conclusion
The research conducted on the root of Homonoia riparia not only reinforces its standing in traditional medicine as Pashanabheda but also establishes a scientifically substantiated framework regarding its pharmacognostical and physicochemical properties. The thorough examination of its microscopical features, extractive values, and phytochemical composition supports the continued investigation into this plant's efficacy and potential therapeutic applications. Future studies are warranted to isolate and characterize specific compounds within Homonoia riparia, and to assess their pharmacological effects comprehensively, thereby enriching the biodiversity of medicinal plants in use today.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of the pharmacognostical study in this research?
The study aims to establish the pharmacognostical and physicochemical standardization of the root of Homonoia riparia, which is known for its potential in treating urinary stones.
Where was the Homonoia riparia plant collected for this study?
The roots of Homonoia riparia were collected locally from Koppa, Karnataka, India, in October 2021.
What methods were used for the pharmacognostical analysis?
The analysis included macroscopical and microscopical studies, physicochemical tests, preliminary phytochemical tests, fluorescence studies, and thin layer chromatography.
What significant components were found in the phytochemical tests?
Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts exhibited carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, while alkaloids were only present in the alcohol extract.
What were the findings regarding the physicochemical parameters?
The study found total ash content at 6.831%, with water-soluble extractive noted at 31.324%, indicating the presence of soluble compounds like flavonoids.
What is the significance of Homonoia riparia in traditional medicine?
Homonoia riparia is used to treat various ailments, including laxative effects, diuretic properties, and for treating bladder stones, demonstrating its medicinal value.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostical study of Homonoia riparia: a pashanabheda source.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed state of the root of Homonoia riparia, which is finely ground for various studies. Its analysis helps in understanding the herbal properties and composition. In pharmacognosy, powdered samples allow for easier preparation for tests such as microscopy, physicochemical evaluations, and phytochemical screenings.
2) India:
India is the native land of Homonoia riparia, where this plant species is widely distributed. The geographical and climatic conditions of India contribute to the unique chemical compositions of its medicinal plants, including the potential of Homonoia riparia as a therapeutic agent for conditions like urinary stones, known locally as Ashmari.
3) Water:
The water component in the study is significant for assessing the solubility of the plant's active compounds. The ability of different phytochemicals to dissolve in water helps determine extraction methods for preparing herbal remedies, influencing their therapeutic effectiveness in Ayurvedic formulations.
4) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants and have biological significance. The study of phytochemicals in Homonoia riparia is essential for understanding its medicinal properties, particularly those that contribute to its potential antidiuretic and anti-urolithic activities, thus supporting its traditional applications.
5) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical relates to the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants. The pharmacognostical study of Homonoia riparia’s roots encompasses both morphological and microscopic evaluations. Such studies help establish quality standards, identify active compounds, and ensure the appropriate use of the plant in Ayurvedic medicine.
6) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where Homonoia riparia is found and was the location of the root collection for the study. The state's diverse flora contributes to various traditional medicines and provides a rich landscape for investigating local herbal remedies, underscored by a deep-rooted Ayurvedic heritage.
7) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to a type of herbal decoction in Ayurveda prepared from plant materials. The study of Kashaya made from the root of Homonoia riparia is important, as it evaluates the therapeutic efficacy and compound profiles, comparing the active constituents in both the decoction and the powdered root.
8) Table:
Tables in the context of the study provide organized results that are easy to read and interpret. They summarize critical data regarding physiochemical parameters and phytochemical tests, aiding in comparative analysis and allowing for visual representation of findings to facilitate understanding of the research outcomes.
9) Study (Studying):
The study emphasizes the critical examination and evaluation of Homonoia riparia's pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics. By documenting its attributes and preparing it for therapeutic use, the study aims to bridge the gap between traditional herbal remedies and scientific validation.
10) Drug:
Drugs in this context refer to substances derived from plants that are utilized for their therapeutic properties. The study investigates Homonoia riparia as a potential drug, highlighting the shift toward validating traditional medicine through scientific research within the framework of modern pharmacology.
11) Pashanabheda (Pasanabheda):
Pashanabheda is the Ayurvedic term for a category of herbs that are reputed to assist in dissolving urinary stones. This study of Homonoia riparia focuses on confirming its classification as Pashanabheda, thereby providing evidence for its use in traditional Ayurvedic treatments of urinary calculi.
12) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda that deals with the study of plant drugs. The involvement of Dravyaguna experts in this study highlights the significance of traditional knowledge in researching the properties of Homonoia riparia, linking herbal science with clinical applications in medicine.
13) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid, a term for an individual compound within the larger flavonoid class, highlights the specific phytochemical constituents investigated in the study of Homonoia riparia. They play a role in many of the plant's reputed health benefits, guiding research on the plant's pharmacological potential.
14) Ashmari (Asmari):
Ashmari directly translates to urinary stones in Ayurveda. The study of Homonoia riparia as a potential antidote for Ashmari is crucial in validating its traditional use. It addresses a common health issue and emphasizes the importance of herbal solutions in contemporary therapeutic practices.
15) Charter:
Charter refers to documenting essential properties and findings in herbal studies. Within the context of the research, charters, or descriptive accounts of the root's properties, enhance understanding and support the validation of traditional practices through detailed observations and scientific methods.
16) Family:
Family, in the botanical context, refers to the category in which Homonoia riparia is classified, specifically the Euphorbiaceae family. Understanding the familial relationships enhances recognition of the plant's characteristics and its potential uses, as plants in the same family often share similar properties.
17) Indian:
Indian refers to the origins and traditional use of Homonoia riparia within India’s rich herbal culture. The ancient knowledge surrounding the plant informs the study, linking historical practices with modern scientific inquiries into its efficacy as a medicinal substance.
18) Wall:
Wall pertains to the architectural structure of plant cells which impact their function. The study of the cellular wall characteristics in Homonoia riparia helps elucidate the plant's physical and biochemical properties, providing insights into its usability as a medicinal resource.
19) Bhavaprakashanighantu (Bhavaprakasanighantu, Bhavaprakasha-nighantu):
Bhavaprakasha-nighantu is a classical Ayurvedic text that lists medicinal plants, including Homonoia riparia. The historical significance of this text informs the study’s relevance, as it helps to support claims about the plant's medicinal properties based on traditional Ayurvedic concepts.
20) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and therapeutic effects. The pharmacological assessment of Homonoia riparia roots aims to explore its effectiveness in conditions like urinary stones, providing scientifically backed evidence for its traditional medicinal use and guiding further clinical applications.
21) Observation:
Observation denotes the act of carefully examining the physical properties of Homonoia riparia. Detailed observations contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the plant’s structure and chemical composition, enhancing the quality of the pharmacognostical study while shaping future explorations in herbal efficacy.
22) Discussion:
Discussion in the study refers to analyzing and interpreting the findings related to Homonoia riparia's pharmacognostical characteristics. This section contextualizes results concerning historical uses and contemporary implications, exploring how the data enriches understanding and guides future research in herbal medicine.
23) Container:
Container signifies the vessels used for preserving plant samples during the study. The proper storage of Homonoia riparia’s root, whether dried, powdered, or preserved in formalin, ensures the integrity of samples for accurate experimentation, preventing contamination and degradation of phytochemicals.
24) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu is a term for traditional Ayurvedic texts that catalog medicinal plants and their uses. The relevance of Nighantu in the study of Homonoia riparia lies in its historical context, providing foundational knowledge and guiding the documentation of the plant's applications in holistic healing practices.
25) Ayyappan:
Ayyappan is likely a reference to an author or researcher connected to studies related to Homonoia riparia or Ayurvedic medicine. The mention of individuals like Ayyappan underscores the collaborative nature of herbal research, highlighting contributions to expanding knowledge about plant-based therapies.
26) Medicine:
Medicine denotes the field concerned with diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. The study of Homonoia riparia bridges traditional Ayurvedic practices with scientific inquiries, aiming to validate the plant's therapeutic potentials as a natural remedy, thereby advancing integrative approaches in medical care.
27) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects and actions of compounds derived from Homonoia riparia. Researching these activities is crucial for understanding the plant's potential therapeutic applications, particularly in treating conditions like urinary stones, thereby establishing its role in modern natural product medicine.
28) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
Srilanka is mentioned as part of Homonoia riparia's geographic distribution. The presence of this plant in Srilanka highlights its ecological versatility and cultural relevance, suggesting that traditional practices related to this species may also exist, thus enriching the context of its pharmacognostical study.
29) Bharati:
Bharati is likely a reference to an author or figure associated with the research related to Homonoia riparia. Individual contributions like Bharati’s can help contextualize the study within the broader field of Ayurvedic medicine, emphasizing collaborative research efforts in medicinal botany.
30) Chandra:
Chandra likely refers to a researcher or reference point within the body of work examining medicinal plants like Homonoia riparia. Such references are significant in the context of scientific literature, providing credibility and situating the current study within a lineage of scholarly inquiry.
31) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standards and characteristics that define the efficacy and safety of Homonoia riparia as a medicinal plant. Establishing quality parameters through pharmacognostical study ensures that the herbal products derived from the plant are reliable and effective for medicinal use.
32) Disease:
Disease refers to deviations from normal physiological functions leading to health issues. By studying Homonoia riparia, researchers aim to identify its therapeutic potentials for treating specific diseases, such as urinary stones, linking traditional knowledge to contemporary medical practices.
33) Species:
Species denotes the specific classification of Homonoia riparia within the plant kingdom. Understanding the unique characteristics of this species is essential for pharmacognostical studies, as it helps distinguish it from other medicinal plants and clarifies its unique therapeutic properties and uses.
34) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The study of Homonoia riparia exemplifies the intersection of scientific methods with traditional knowledge, illustrating how empirical research can validate and enhance the understanding of herbal medicines.
35) Bitter:
Bitter describes one of the predominant tastes characteristic of the Homonoia riparia root powder. The bitter taste often correlates with certain phytochemicals that may have therapeutic properties, emphasizing the importance of taste profiles in determining the efficacy and application of herbal remedies.
36) Nature:
Nature encompasses the intrinsic qualities and characteristics of the Homonoia riparia plant, influencing its medicinal properties. Understanding the natural environment and ecological interactions of the plant aids in comprehending its traditional uses and the potential benefits it offers in contemporary herbal medicine.
37) Summer:
Summer may refer to a researcher’s or a text’s contribution to the field of plant sciences or pharmacology attached to the study of Homonoia riparia. Including such references underscores collaborative efforts in research and the importance of diverse perspectives in advancing herbal medicine knowledge.
38) Filling (Filled):
Filled refers to the cellular structures within the Homonoia riparia plant, particularly regarding the presence of compounds within the cell walls. This anatomical feature could relate to the plant’s efficacy in traditional medicine, indicating a richness in bioactive constituents essential for therapeutic applications.
39) Ulcer:
Ulcer signifies a focus on a specific health condition treatable by Homonoia riparia. By studying the plant’s properties, researchers aim to validate its traditional use as a remedy, linking historical knowledge with scientific evidence to reinforce its application in modern medicinal practices.
40) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, serves as a significant location in the context of Ayurvedic medicine, where texts like the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia originate. The mention of Delhi connects the study of Homonoia riparia to the broader landscape of Indian traditional medicine and governance of Ayurvedic practices.
41) Kumar:
Kumar may refer to a researcher involved in the pharmacognostical study of Homonoia riparia. Including researchers like Kumar emphasizes the academic collaboration necessary to explore the plant's properties, facilitating a richer understanding of its medicinal potential in the context of Ayurveda.
42) Cina:
China is mentioned within the geographical distribution of Homonoia riparia, reflecting the plant's wide presence across Asia. The exploration of the plant’s uses in regions like China enhances our understanding of its traditional applications and informs comparative studies in herbal medicine.
43) Java:
Java is an island in Indonesia, referring to one of the regions where Homonoia riparia could be found. The mention of Java offers insights into the geographical relevance and cultural significance of this plant within Southeast Asia, potentially influencing regional herbal practices.
44) Sah:
Shah likely indicates a researcher or authority in the field relevant to the study of medicinal plants. The inclusion of researchers like Shah highlights the interconnectedness of knowledge in pharmacognosy, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potentials of plants like Homonoia riparia.
45) Seth:
Seth may refer to a researcher or figure noted in conjunction with the study of medicinal plants or Ayurvedic practices. Their contributions add depth to the discourse surrounding Homonoia riparia, fostering collaborative inquiry into the efficacy of herbal treatments in contemporary health care.
46) Tree:
Tree refers to the growth form of certain plants, including shrubs and small trees like Homonoia riparia. Understanding the plant's structure is important for pharmacognostical studies, as it gives insights into its morphological features that contribute to its medicinal applications.
47) Life:
Life signifies the living aspects of plants such as Homonoia riparia within ecosystems. Understanding the life cycle and ecological interactions enhances our comprehension of plant characteristics valuable for pharmacognostical studies and promotes conservation efforts for medicinal species.
48) Rat:
Rats often serve as model organisms in pharmacological studies to assess the efficacy and safety of botanical remedies. Research involving Homonoia riparia may utilize rats to establish its biological activity, aiding in the validation of its traditional uses in treating human ailments.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmacognostical study of Homonoia riparia: a pashanabheda source.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Ashmari, Flavonoid, Medicinal use, Physico-chemical parameters, Thin Layer Chromatography, Moisture content, Total ash, Aqueous extract, Transverse section, Pharmacognostical study, Water soluble extractive, Alcohol-soluble extractive, Bioactive compound, Urinary stone, Microscopical studies, Macroscopic studies, Chemical constituent, Physico-chemical standardization, Antiurolithiatic activity, Phytochemical test, Alcohol extract, Calcium oxalate crystal, Macroscopical studies, Fluorescence studies, Preliminary phytochemical test.