Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Bauhinia purpurea flowers
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation different solvent extract of bauhina purpurea l. flower
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Swati M. Wakchoure, Ajay Kharate, Bharavi Keni, Abhilasha Karve and Neha Kasurde
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation different solvent extract of bauhina purpurea l. flower
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20241-30770
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Bauhinia purpurea Linn, part of the Fabaceae family, is a medicinal tree known as Kovidara in Ayurveda. This medium-sized evergreen ornamental tree grows widely across India and China, found at altitudes of up to 1300 meters in the sub-Himalayan region. Its flowers, root, and bark have long been utilized in Ayurvedic practices and traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical constituents and anthelmintic activity of different extracts of B. purpurea flowers, contributing to a better understanding of their medicinal properties and standardization parameters.
Phytochemical Screening Potential
The preliminary phytochemical evaluation of B. purpurea flowers revealed the presence of several important phytochemicals, including phytosterols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. These compounds are crucial in determining the plant’s therapeutic potential. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited significant pharmacological effects, making them suitable candidates for further investigation into their role in traditional medicine. This phytochemical profiling serves as a foundation for future studies aimed at isolating active components responsible for biological activities.
Anthelmintic Activity Assessment
The research further assessed the anthelmintic activity of various extracts from B. purpurea flowers against the Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, which serves as a suitable model for testing anthelmintic properties. In the study, extracts were analyzed in different concentrations, and their effects on the paralysis and death times of the worms were recorded. Both methanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated moderate to significant anthelmintic activity, showcasing the plant's potential as a source of effective anti-parasitic compounds. The findings indicate that extracts from B. purpurea have notable biological activity worthy of further exploration.
Methodological Rigor
The study employed a meticulous methodology for the collection and preparation of B. purpurea flower extracts, including successive solvent extraction techniques and evaluation of various pharmacognostic parameters to ensure the quality and purity of the samples. This involved assessing foreign matter, moisture content, and ash values, which are critical for verifying the authenticity and safety of the plant material in pharmaceutical use. The comprehensive methodology underscores the importance of standardized protocols in the phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of herbal medicines.
Conclusion
The research into Bauhinia purpurea highlights its significance as a source of potential chemotherapeutic compounds with anthelmintic activity. The presence of vital phytochemicals combined with the observed biological efficacy suggests that the plant holds promise for further pharmacological development. With the need for standardized identification parameters and extensive studies to isolate the active compounds, this investigation contributes valuable insights into the application of B. purpurea in medicinal formulations. Future research should focus on isolating specific molecules that confer these beneficial properties and exploring their mechanisms of action.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the research on Bauhinia purpurea?
The research investigates the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea flowers, particularly their anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms, aiming to establish a base for quality control and potential therapeutic applications.
What are the key phytochemical constituents found in Bauhinia purpurea?
The preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of phytosterols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the extracts of Bauhinia purpurea.
What methods were used to extract compounds from Bauhinia purpurea flowers?
Successive solvent extraction with Methanol, followed by fractional extraction using ethyl acetate and hexane, was performed on the powdered flower material of Bauhinia purpurea.
How was anthelmintic activity tested in this study?
Anthelmintic activity was assessed using Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) in a controlled environment, with observations on paralysis and death times after treatment with various extracts.
What results did the study find regarding the anthelmintic activity?
The study found that both methanol and aqueous extracts of Bauhinia purpurea exhibited moderate to significant anthelmintic activity at varying concentrations, particularly showing good results with aqueous extracts.
Who contributed to the plant identification and authentication in the research?
The identification and authentication of the plants were assisted by Dr. D.P. Hase and Dr. Khyade M.S from the Botanical survey of D.J. Malpani college, ensuring the research's integrity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Bauhinia purpurea flowers”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
The water used in extraction processes plays an important role in the study. It facilitates the solubilization of certain phytochemicals from Bauhinia purpurea, enabling researchers to effectively isolate and evaluate the medicinal properties inherent in the plant's extracts.
2) Activity:
In this context, 'activity' refers to the biological effects of various extracts from Bauhinia purpurea, specifically their anthelmintic effects. The study investigates these activities by measuring the extracts' effectiveness against earthworms, providing important data for determining their potential use in therapies against parasitic infections.
3) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are the bioactive compounds derived from plants, which are studied for their health benefits. The exploration of phytochemicals in Bauhinia purpurea is central to understanding its therapeutic potential and the specific health impacts of its various extracts on human health.
4) Tree:
The tree refers specifically to Bauhinia purpurea, the central focus of the study. Understanding the species' botanical and ecological characteristics enriches the research's context, emphasizing its role as a source of valuable medicinal compounds within traditional practices.
5) Worm:
Worms refer again to the test organisms used in assessing the anthelmintic activity of the extracts. Studying their response to various concentrations of plant extracts allows researchers to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of the medicinal properties in combating parasitic infections.
6) Indian:
The term 'Indian' situates the study geographically, specifying that Bauhinia purpurea is found throughout India and forms part of traditional Indian medicine. This context underscores the cultural significance and historical usage of the plant in local healing practices, connecting ethnobotany and modern pharmacology.
7) Family:
The phrase 'the family' refers specifically to the taxonomic classification of Bauhinia purpurea within the Fabaceae family. This classification is vital for comprehending its botanical relationships, potential uses, and the implications of its phytochemical constituents in broader medicinal contexts and applications.
8) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of Bauhinia purpurea's dried flowers, which is used for extraction in the study. The preparation of powdered plant material is a standard procedure in phytochemical studies, enabling efficient extraction of bioactive compounds and ensuring uniformity in research methodologies.
9) Study (Studying):
The study serves to elucidate the pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea through systematic investigation. It brings together research methodologies, findings, and analysis in an academic framework that contributes to the broader knowledge base of herbal medicine and pharmacognosy.
10) Quality:
The quality of the extracts is assessed through various standardization parameters, ensuring they meet required specifications for purity and effectiveness. This concept is essential in herbal medicine, as it impacts the reliability of the research findings and their applicability in therapeutic settings.
11) Purity:
Purity indicates the absence of foreign matter in the powdered extracts of Bauhinia purpurea. This measurement is essential for validating that the extracts are suitable for research and potential medicinal applications since impurities can affect pharmacological outcomes and patient safety.
12) Drug:
Drugs refer to any biologically active substances derived from plants for medicinal use. The focus on extracting and analyzing compounds from Bauhinia purpurea emphasizes the importance of traditional herbal knowledge in developing effective new therapies based on the biochemical constituents of the plant.
13) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the region where the study was conducted, and it signifies the geographical context of the research. Recognizing the local environment and biodiversity aids in understanding the ethnobotanical practices surrounding Bauhinia purpurea and its availability for pharmaceutical exploration.
14) Species:
Species denotes the biological classification of Bauhinia purpurea as a distinct entity within the plant kingdom. Establishing its species classification is fundamental for research as it facilitates the identification of specific characteristics and cultivates awareness about its ecological and medicinal importance.
15) India:
India is relevant as the native habitat of Bauhinia purpurea, tying the study to traditional medicine systems. This geographical emphasis allows for a cultural and historical perspective, linking plant usage in Ayurvedic practices to modern scientific research in pharmacognosy.
16) Table:
The term 'table' likely refers to presentation formats within the study that summarize data, such as phytochemical screening results. Tables are essential tools in research for conveying complex information in a clear, organized manner, enhancing the accessibility and readability of scientific findings.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the branch of medicine that deals with the study of drug action. In this context, it relates to how the extracts from Bauhinia purpurea might influence biological systems, particularly the ways in which they exhibit antimicrobial or anthelmintic properties.
18) Observation:
Observation is a core component of scientific research, indicating the act of closely monitoring the effects of interventions in experimental setups. In this study, systematic observations of worm behavior after exposure to extracts provide the foundation for analyzing and interpreting the significance of the findings.
19) Forest:
Forest suggests the natural habitat where Bauhinia purpurea can be found, indicating its ecological context. This element is important in studying the distribution, conservation, and sustainable utilization of the plant, emphasizing the interconnections between environmental health and medicinal plant availability.
20) Death:
The death of worms is a key parameter measured during anthelmintic activity assays. It serves as a quantitative marker for assessing the efficacy of the extracts derived from Bauhinia purpurea, providing essential insights into the therapeutic potential of the plant.
21) Dish (Dis):
Dish refers to the container used for conducting the experiments involving aqueous solutions of extracts. Its relevance lies in serving as the medium for exposure where anthelmintic assessments are made, ensuring a controlled environment for consistent experimental conditions.
22) Substance:
Substance refers to the various forms of extract derived from Bauhinia purpurea throughout the study. It is central to the research as it emphasizes the importance of the active compounds within the plant necessary for achieving the desired pharmacological effects in medicinal applications.
23) Soil:
Soil indicates the natural habitat from which earthworms were sourced for biological testing. The quality and type of soil can affect the overall ecosystem health and the impact of herbal extracts derived from plants inhabiting the same environment.
24) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section where the findings of the study are interpreted and contextualized within existing literature and practice. This segment is vital for elucidating the significance of the results and suggesting pathways for future research concerning the medicinal use of Bauhinia purpurea.
25) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a prominent class of phytochemicals evaluated for their biological activities, including beneficial effects on health. Their identification in the extracts of Bauhinia purpurea ties into the exploration of specific compounds responsible for the observed medicinal properties, underscoring their relevance in herbal pharmacology.
26) Karnataka:
Karnataka is significant as it highlights a specific cultural and geographical area where traditional practices involving Bauhinia purpurea may exist. This regional focus can provide insights into local knowledge and usage, serving as a backdrop for studying the plant's pharmacological significance.
27) Abhilasa (Abhilasha):
Abhilasha is listed as one of the authors contributing to the research. Acknowledging individual contributions is important in academic work, showcasing collaboration in scientific discovery and highlighting diverse perspectives and expertise that come together to advance understanding of medicinal plants.
28) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional Indian system of medicine that utilizes various plants, including Bauhinia purpurea, for therapeutic purposes. Understanding the integration of Ayurvedic practices with scientific research enriches the study's context, linking historical knowledge with contemporary pharmacological examination.
29) Kovidara:
Kovidara serves as a traditional name for Bauhinia purpurea in Ayurvedic medicine. This nomenclature establishes cultural connections between local practices and modern scientific exploration, emphasizing the significance of traditional knowledge in informing pharmacognostic research.
30) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is the ancient language from which many Ayurvedic terms and names are derived. Understanding this language enhances appreciation for the historical context of the medicinal uses of Bauhinia purpurea and the need to preserve traditional knowledge in the face of modern scientific inquiry.
31) Bharavi:
Bharavi is also one of the authors involved in the research. Documenting contributions from various collaborators is vital in academic publications, highlighting the importance of teamwork in conducting thorough investigations and advancing the field of pharmacognosy and herbal medicine.
32) Kanchan:
Kanchan is another common name used for Bauhinia purpurea, reflecting its cultural significance in various regions. Recognizing local names supports a deeper understanding of the plant's societal relevance and encourages respect for diverse cultural practices in herbal medicine.
33) Nepali:
Nepali refers to the local name for Bauhinia purpurea in Nepal, linking the plant's utilization across different cultures and languages. This term enriches the understanding of the plant's global reach and variability in traditional medicine, highlighting its importance in numerous societal contexts.
34) Medium:
Medium indicates the size and growth characteristics of Bauhinia purpurea, classifying it as a medium-sized tree. This classification serves as a practical consideration in agricultural and ecological studies, influencing how the species is cultivated and utilized for medicinal purposes.
35) Filling (Filled):
Filled may refer to procedures in the experimental protocols, such as filling dishes with extracts for testing. Clear and precise instructions in research methodologies ensure accuracy and reproducibility, which are fundamental principles in scientific studies focused on medicinal plants.
36) Tanki (Tamki):
Tanki is another name for Bauhinia purpurea in certain cultural contexts. The recognition of varied names underscores the diversity of herbal nomenclature and reinforces the plant's relevance across different regions and communities in traditional healing practices.
37) Glass:
Glass likely refers to the laboratory equipment used in the extraction and experimental setups. Utilizing glass containers ensures chemical stability and clarity, which are critical aspects of conducting reliable scientific research, particularly in phytochemical extractions and pharmacological testing.
38) Trade:
Trade identifies the commercial aspects surrounding Bauhinia purpurea, particularly regarding its availability for medicinal and ornamental uses. Understanding the economic implications of herbal plants aids in advocating for sustainable practices that balance conservation with medicinal applications.
39) Camel:
Camel is often used in reference to 'camel’s foot tree,' a common name for Bauhinia purpurea. This name highlights the plant's unique leaf shape while illustrating how common vernaculars can reflect regional cultural identities and the plant's role in local ecological settings.
40) Earth:
Earth refers to the soil environment where earthworms for the study are collected, establishing the relationship between the soil ecosystem and the organisms studied. This connection reinforces the ecological context of the research, linking earthworm behavior to their natural habitat and surroundings.
41) Cina:
China is noted as another geographical region where Bauhinia purpurea is found, indicating the plant's widespread distribution. This reference highlights the cross-cultural knowledge and usage of the plant across borders, contributing to a broader understanding of its pharmacological applications.
42) Genu:
Genu may refer to a genetic or taxonomic aspect of the Bauhinia genus, emphasizing the botanical classification that facilitates the understanding of medicinal properties across related species. This classification can inform conservation efforts and pharmacological research.
43) Nakar:
Nagar may indicate a specific location related to the study, emphasizing local contributions to the research or traditional knowledge systems regarding Bauhinia purpurea. Recognizing these locations stresses the importance of geographic context in ethnobotany and community health practices.
44) Kota:
Kota signifies a regional name associated with Bauhinia purpurea in various local languages. Recognizing local terminologies enriches the understanding of the plant's cultural significance and the diverse uses attributed to it in different herbal medicinal practices.
45) Kuda:
Kuda is another vernacular name for Bauhinia purpurea, reflecting its significance in different cultures. Its inclusion illustrates the importance of regional knowledge in herbal medicine and supports the ongoing exploration of the plant’s attributes within various cultural frameworks.
46) Hind:
Hind is often used in reference to the Hindi name associated with Bauhinia purpurea. This term reinforces the connection between the plant and its cultural context, highlighting the importance of local languages in preserving knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses.
47) Tai:
Thai refers to the local name for Bauhinia purpurea in Thailand, showcasing the plant's significance in various Asian cultures. Acknowledging diverse names enhances cultural understanding of herbal medicine and promotes the exploration of botanical diversity across geographical boundaries.
Other Science Concepts:
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Bauhinia purpurea, Medicinal plant, Phytochemical, Quality Control, Impact factor, Tannins and flavonoids, Phytochemical screening, Herbal formulation, Botanical identification, Research article, Moisture content determination, Phytochemical Investigation, Aqueous extract, Historical use, Anthelmintic activity, Traditional system, Methanolic extract, Extraction process, Public health practice, Saponin, Pharmacognostic investigation, Standardization parameter, Dilution factor, Piperazine citrate, Chemical test, Indian earthworm, Revised Date.